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1.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BNUY | ID: biblio-1556818

ABSTRACT

En Uruguay existe una desigual distribución de médicos entre la capital y el resto del país, determinando que los pacientes deban ser referidos a centros asistenciales fuera del área en la que residen. El Proyecto ECHO (del inglés: Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes) busca mejorar el acceso a atención especializada para poblaciones rurales mediante la utilización de tecnologías de la comunicación, democratizando el conocimiento. Objetivo: evaluar los resultados en lo referente a competencias y habilidades profesionales en los participantes de las teleclínicas ECHO sobre cáncer ginecológico en Uruguay. Método: evaluación retrospectiva de impacto con línea de base y línea de impacto mediante un censo vía web. Período: setiembre 2020- mayo/2021. Se relevaron 22 variables, 14 indicadores dependientes que miden autopercepciones sobre incremento de capacidades en forma retrospectiva a partir de una escala Likert de 5 valores y, 8 independientes que abordan aspectos generales de la población. Teniendo en cuenta que no hay una distribución normal se aplica el test no paramétrico de Wilkoxon. Resultados: se obtuvieron 36 respuestas. Los resultados, muestran que todos los pares tienen una significación bilateral, pudiendo afirmar que existe una diferencia significativa entre las capacidades previas y posteriores a la participación en el programa ECHO. Conclusiones: se objetiva una mejora en la autopercepción de las capacidades de los participantes luego de la implementación de las teleclínicas ECHO.


Summary: In Uruguay there is an unequal distribution of doctors between the capital and the rest of the country, determining that patients must be referred to healthcare centers outside the area in which they reside. The ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes) Project seeks to improve access to specialized care for rural populations through the use of communication technologies, democratizing knowledge. Objective: to evaluate the results regarding professional competencies and skills in the participants of the ECHO teleclinics on gynecological cancer in Uruguay. Method: retrospective impact evaluation with baseline and impact line through a web census. Period: September 2020- May/2021. 22 variables were surveyed, 14 dependent indicators that measure self-perceptions of increased capabilities retrospectively based on a Likert scale of 5 values, and 8 independent indicators that address general aspects of the population. Taking into account that there is no normal distribution, the non-parametric Wilkoxon test is applied. Results: 36 responses were obtained. The results show that all pairs have a bilateral significance, being able to affirm that there is a significant difference between the capabilities before and after participation in the ECHO program. Conclusions: an improvement in the self-perception of the participants' capabilities was observed after the implementation of the ECHO teleclinics.


No Uruguai existe uma distribuição desigual de médicos entre a capital e o resto do país, determinando que os pacientes sejam encaminhados para centros de saúde fora da área em que residem. O Projeto ECHO (de Inglês: Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes)procura melhorar o acesso a cuidados especializados para as populações rurais através do uso de tecnologias de comunicação, democratizando o conhecimento. Objetivo: avaliar os resultados relativos às competências e habilidades profissionais dos participantes das teleclínicas ECHO sobre câncer ginecológico no Uruguai. Método: avaliação retrospectiva de impacto com linha de base e linha de impacto através de censo web. Período: Setembro 2020- Maio/2021. Foram levantadas 22 variáveis, 14 indicadores dependentes que medem retrospectivamente as autopercepções de aumento de capacidades com base em uma escala Likert de 5 valores, e 8 indicadores independentes que abordam aspectos gerais da população. Levando em consideração que não existe distribuição normal, aplica-se o teste não paramétrico de Wilkoxon. Resultados: foram obtidas 36 respostas. Os resultados mostram que todos os pares têm um significado bilateral, podendo afirmar que existe uma diferença significativa entre as capacidades antes e depois da participação no programa ECHO. Conclusões: observou-se melhora na autopercepção das capacidades dos participantes após a implantação das teleclínicas ECHO.

2.
Rev. méd. Urug ; 40(2)2024.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1560253

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la justicia reproductiva es la capacidad de las personas y las sociedades de poder concretar los derechos sexuales y reproductivos. Por el contrario, la injusticia reproductiva (IR) expone la presencia de riesgos para el proceso de desarrollo durante el embarazo y la primera infancia. Objetivo: describir la evolución de un conjunto de indicadores vinculados a la justicia reproductiva en el Sistema Nacional Integrado de Salud (SNIS) de Uruguay en los últimos 12 años y comparar las tendencias entre el subsector público y el subsector privado. Metodología: estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, de un conjunto de indicadores incluidos en los objetivos de desarrollo sostenibles (ODS) y de los objetivos sanitarios nacionales. Se analizaron razón de mortalidad materna (MM), incidencia de parto pretérmino (PPT), bajo peso al nacer (BPN) y sífilis congénita (SC), en el subsector público y privado del SNIS, durante los últimos 12 años. Resultados: la razón de MM en el período de tiempo analizado ha sido siempre superior en el subsector público, salvo en el año 2015. La incidencia de PPT en el período de tiempo ha oscilado entre 8,6% y 10%. Ésta es superior en el subsector público, salvo en algunos períodos donde es mayor en el subsector privado. La incidencia de BPN es superior siempre en el subsector público, con su mayor incidencia en 2022, de 9,3. La SC siempre fue superior en el subsector público desde 1,3 a 7,1, mientras que en el subsector privado los valores van de 0,2 a 0,6. Conclusiones: la diferencia en estos indicadores de salud perinatal entre los dos subsectores de atención de nuestro país refleja que a pesar de contar con un SNIS, existe una disparidad que impacta sobre los resultados de indicadores finales e intermedios, determinando así la existencia de una IR.


Introduction: Reproductive justice is the ability of individuals and societies to realize sexual and reproductive rights. On the contrary, reproductive injustice (RI) exposes the presence of risks to the developmental process during pregnancy and early childhood. Objective: To describe the evolution of a set of indicators related to reproductive justice in the Integrated National Health System (SNIS) of Uruguay over the last 12 years and compare trends between the public and private subsectors. Methodology: A descriptive, retrospective study of a set of indicators included in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and national health objectives was conducted. Maternal mortality ratio (MMR), incidence of preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight (LBW), and congenital syphilis (CS) were analyzed in the public and private subsectors of the SNIS over the past 12 years. Results: During the analyzed period the maternal mortality ratio has always been higher in the public subsector, except in the year 2015. The incidence of preterm birth during the period has ranged between 8.6% and 10%. It is higher in the public subsector, except in some periods where it is higher in the private subsector. The incidence of low birth weight is always higher in the public subsector, with its highest incidence in 2022 at 9.3. Congenital syphilis has always been higher in the public subsector, ranging from 1.3 to 7.1, while in the private subsector, the values range from 0.2 to 0.6. Conclusions: The difference in these perinatal health indicators between the two healthcare subsectors in our country reflects that despite having an Integrated National Health System, there is a disparity that impacts the results of final and intermediate indicators, thus determining the existence of reproductive injustice.


Introdução: A justiça reprodutiva é a capacidade dos indivíduos e das sociedades de poderem realizar seus direitos sexuais e reprodutivos. A injustiça reprodutiva (IR), por outro lado, expõe a presença de riscos ao processo de desenvolvimento durante a gravidez e a primeira infância. Objetivo: descrever a evolução de um conjunto de indicadores relacionados à justiça reprodutiva no Sistema Nacional Integrado de Saúde (SNIS) do Uruguai nos últimos 12 anos e comparar as tendências entre os subsetores público e privado. Metodologia: estudo descritivo e retrospectivo de um conjunto de indicadores incluídos nos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (SDGs) e nas metas nacionais de saúde. A taxa de mortalidade materna (MM), a incidência de parto prematuro (PTB), baixo peso ao nascer (BPN) e sífilis congênita (SC) foram analisadas no subsetor público e privado do SNIS nos últimos 12 anos. Resultados: A taxa de mortalidade materna foi maior no subsetor público durante o período analisado, exceto em 2015. A incidência de nascimento pré-termo no período variou entre 8,6 e 10%. Ela é maior no subsetor público, exceto em alguns períodos em que é maior no subsetor privado. A incidência de baixo peso ao nascer é sempre maior no subsetor público, com sua maior incidência em 2022, com 9,3. A sífilis congênita sempre foi mais alta no subsetor público, de 1,3 a 7,1, enquanto no subsetor privado os valores variam de 0,2 a 0,6. Conclusões: A diferença nesses indicadores de saúde perinatal entre os dois subsetores de atendimento em nosso país reflete que, apesar da existência de um Sistema Nacional de Saúde Integrado, há uma disparidade que impacta nos resultados dos indicadores finais e intermediários, determinando assim a existência de uma injustiça reprodutiva.

3.
Rev. méd. Urug ; 36(4): 436-444, dic. 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BNUY | ID: biblio-1144760

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Antecedentes: la pandemia COVID-19 tiene el potencial de impactar fuertemente en la agenda de la salud y los derechos sexuales y reproductivos desde la disminución de la calidad de los servicios de salud. Justificación: Uruguay se destaca por una situación privilegiada en lo referido a los derechos sexuales y reproductivos y por tal motivo es necesario, por un lado, sistematizar el impacto de la pandemia COVID-19 y, por otro, desarrollar medidas para prevenir dicho impacto sobre los servicios para mantener el más alto estándar de cuidados en lo relacionado a los derechos sexuales y reproductivos a pesar de la pandemia actual. Propósito: sistematizar el potencial impacto de la pandemia en los servicios de atención sanitaria de salud sexual y reproductiva y promover estrategias para detectar y prevenir dicho impacto. Metodología: se aborda el impacto de la pandemia COVID-19 sobre los derechos sexuales y reproductivos en dos dimensiones: la del modelo de retrasos en la atención de salud y la del análisis del impacto en cada derecho específico. Perspectivas: promover acciones de discriminación positiva desde los servicios de salud sexual y reproductiva a la vez que se realiza la vigilancia epidemiológica para facilitar el acoplamiento de las prestaciones en derechos sexuales y reproductivos a los cambios que se procesan en la respuesta sanitaria y social frente a la pandemia COVID-19.


Summary: Background: the COVID 19 pandemic may severely influence the sexual and reproductive rights and health agenda as a result of a decrease in the health services. Justification: Uruguay has a privileged situation in terms of sexual and reproductive rights. Therefore, we need to systematize and develop measures to prevent the impact of the covid-19 pandemic on these services in order to keep the highest standards of care in connection with sexual and reproductive rights, despite the current pandemic. Objective: to systematize the potential impact of the covid-19 pandemic on sexual and reproductive rights and health services and to promote strategies to identify and prevent this impact. Method: the impact of the covid-19 pandemic on sexual and reproductive rights is analysed from two perspectives: by considering the delay in the provision of health care services and by exploring its impact on each specific sexual and reproductive right. Perspectives: to promote positive discrimination actions at the sexual and reproductive rights services, while conducting epidemiological surveillance to contribute to the matching of sexual and reproductive rights services to the changes caused by the covid-19 pandemic on the health system and on society.


Resumo: Antecedentes: a pandemia COVID-19 tem o potencial de impactar fortemente sobre a agenda da saúde e os direitos sexuais e reprodutivos a partir da queda na qualidade dos serviços de saúde. Justificativa: o Uruguai se destaca por uma situação privilegiada em matéria de direitos sexuais e reprodutivos (DDSSRR) e por isso é necessário, por um lado, sistematizar o impacto da pandemia COVID-19 e por outro, desenvolver medidas para prevenir esse impacto sobre os serviços para manter o mais alto padrão de atendimento em relação aos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos, apesar da pandemia atual. Objetivo: sistematizar o impacto potencial da pandemia COVID-19 nos serviços de saúde sexual e reprodutiva e promover estratégias para detectá-lo e preveni-lo. Metodologia: o impacto da pandemia COVID-19 sobre os DDSSRR é abordado em duas dimensões: a do modelo de atrasos na assistência de saúde e a da análise do impacto em cada um dos DDSSRR. Perspectivas: promover ações de discriminação positiva dos serviços de saúde sexual e reprodutiva, enquanto a vigilância epidemiológica é feita para facilitar o acoplamento dos benefícios dos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos às mudanças que ocorrem na resposta sanitária e social a pandemia COVID19.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Reproductive Health Services , Reproductive Rights , COVID-19 , Quality of Health Care , Pandemics
4.
Arch. pediatr. Urug ; 91(6): 375-379, 2020. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1142220

ABSTRACT

Resumen: El embarazo triple monocorial espontáneo tiene una incidencia muy baja, no identificándose factores causales que lo expliquen. La corionicidad determina el resultado perinatal de estas gestaciones, siendo la frecuencia de malos resultados mayor a medida que aumenta el número de fetos con una única placenta. Se presenta un caso de embarazo triple monocorial espontáneo cuyo seguimiento fue realizado en el Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell con excelente resultado perinatal.


Summary: Spontaneous monochorionic trigemellar pregnancies have a very low incidence, and there is no cause that may explain them. The chorionicity will determine the perinatal result of this gestations, but the frequency of poor results is higher as the number of fetuses sharing the same placenta increases. We present a case of a spontaneous monochorionic trigemellar gestation whose follow-up was carried out in the Pereira Rossell Pediatric Center with an excellent perinatal result.


Resumo: A tríplice gestação monocorial espontânea tem incidência muito baixa, não sendo identificados os fatores causais que a explicam. A corionicidade determina o resultado perinatal dessas gestações, e a frequência de resultados ruins é maior à medida que aumenta o número de fetos com uma única placenta. Apresentamos um caso de gravidez tríplice monocoriônica espontânea cujo seguimento foi realizado no Centro Hospitalar Pereira Rossell com excelentes resultados perinatais.

5.
Rev. méd. Urug ; 35(3): 218-223, set. 2019.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1023707

ABSTRACT

La Clínica Ginecotocológica A (CGA) de la Facultad de Medicina (FM) se ha comprometido con los objetivos de la reforma sanitaria en lo referente a la formación de posgrados, trabajando para ello en la descentralización de los escenarios de enseñanza-aprendizaje. En esta publicación se presenta la estrategia de descentralización de la formación de posgrados de ginecotocología de la CGA en el período 2010-2018. Se describen las herramientas que permiten mantener el contacto de los posgrados y tutores sustentados en tecnologías de la comunicación para realizar regularmente ateneos, actividades tutoriales, teleclínicas. Por otro lado, se describe la distribución logrado de postgrados, así como el logro de las destrezas en los diferentes Centros Docentes Asociados (CEDA). De la evaluación del funcionamiento de la red de CEDA de la CGA, así como de los logros formativos de recursos humanos, se concluye que es factible el aumento del cupo formativo de posgrados de Ginecotocología apelando a la descentralización estructurada de los escenarios de aprendizaje.


The Gynecotocology Clinic A (GCA) of the School of the School of Medicine is committed to the goals set in the health reform in terms of the training of postgraduates, and thus has focused on the decentralization of the educational scenario. This study presents the decentralization strategy in the training of postgraduate students in gynecotocology of the GCA between 2010 and 2018. It describes the tools that allow keeping in touch with the posgraduate students and tutors by means of technology that regularly aids grand rounds, tutorial activities, remote clinics, etc. Also, a description of the distribution of achievements by psotgraduates is provided, as well as the achievement of skills in the different Associated Teaching Centers (CEDAs in Spanish). Upon the assessment of performance of the CEDAs network of CGA, as well as the educational achievements in human resources, a conclusion is drawn as to the feasibility of increasing the number of postgraduates trained in gynecotocology appealing to structured decentralization strategies for the learning scenario.


A Clínica Ginecotocológica A (CGA) da Faculdade de Medicina (FMed-UDELAR) está comprometida com os objetivos da reforma sanitária no que diz respeito à formação dos pós-graduandos, trabalhando para isso na descentralização dos cenários de ensino-aprendizagem. Nesta publicação apresenta-se a estratégia de descentralização da formação dos pós-graduandos de ginecologia e obstetrícia da CGA no período 2010-2018. Descreve-se as ferramentas que permitem manter o contacto entre pós-graduandos e supervisores utilizando tecnologias da comunicação para realizar regularmente discussão de casos clínicos, atividades de supervisão e tele clínicas. Por outro lado, apresenta-se a distribuição geográfica dos pós-graduandos, bem como os resultados da obtenção de destrezas nos diferentes Centros docentes Associados (CEDA). A avaliação do funcionamento da rede de CEDA da CGA e dos resultados da formação de recursos humanos, permite concluir que é factível aumentar as vagas para pós-graduandos de ginecologia e obstetrícia utilizando a descentralização estruturada dos cenários de aprendizagem.


Subject(s)
Education, Graduate , Gynecology/education , Education, Medical, Continuing
7.
J Glob Oncol ; 3(5): 658-665, 2017 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29094102

ABSTRACT

Cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates are significantly higher in low- and middle-income countries compared with the United States and other developed countries. This disparity is caused by decreased access to screening, often coupled with low numbers of trained providers offering cancer prevention and treatment services. However, similar disparities are also found in underserved areas of the United States, such as the Texas-Mexico border, where cervical cancer mortality rates are 30% higher than in the rest of Texas. To address these issues, we have adopted the Project ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes) program, a low-cost telementoring model previously proven to be successful in increasing local capacity, improving patient management skills, and ultimately improving patient outcomes in rural and underserved areas. We use the Project ECHO model to educate local providers in the management of cervical dysplasia in a low-resource region of Texas and have adapted it to inform strategies for the management of advanced cervical and breast cancer in Latin America and sub-Saharan Africa. This innovative approach, using ECHO, is part of a larger strategy to enhance clinical skills and develop collaborative projects between academic centers and partners in low-resource regions.

8.
Rev. méd. Urug ; 33(1): 59-63, mar. 2017.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-859943

ABSTRACT

El Proyecto ECHO (Extension of Community Health Outcomes) es una iniciativa de alcance internacional cuyo ánimo fue mejorar el acceso a la atención especializada para las poblaciones rurales mediante la utilización de tecnologías de la comunicación. Desde el año 2014 se introdujo en Uruguay, abordando actualmente varias patologías. La Clínica Ginecotocológica A de la Facultad de Medicina desarrolla las teleclínicas ECHO para el abordaje de la prevención y el tratamiento del cáncer de cuello uterino (CCU) en Uruguay de forma mensual desde junio del 2015 hasta la fecha. El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar los resultados del Proyecto ECHO en Uruguay en el abordaje preventivo del CCU. Entre junio de 2015 y julio de 2016 se realizaron un total de 13 teleclínicas sobre CCU. Se conectaron profesionales desde seis departamentos del país: Paysandú, Rivera, Tacuarembó, San José, Colonia y Montevideo. Los centros asistenciales que se conectaron fueron nueve. Se abordaron 21 casos clínicos, dando respuesta a las interrogantes planteadas y realizándose actualizaciones de temas relevantes sobre la patología. Participan especialistas de diferentes áreas: ginecólogos clínicos, ginecólogos especialistas en tracto genital, anatomopatólogos, imagenólogo, oncólogos, radioterapeutas y residentes de ginecotocología. El promedio de participantes por teleclínica en este período fue de 15. En el abordaje del CCU el proyecto ha brindado la posibilidad de homogeneizar criterios diagnósticos además de la actualización mantenida en todos los aspectos de la enfermedad.


ECHO (Extension of Community Health Outcomes) Project is a global initiative which aims to improve access of rural populations to specialized health care service, by means of using communication technologies. It was introduced in Uruguay in 2014 and it has addressed several conditions already. The Gynecotological Clinic A of the School of Medicine has developed ECHO Tele-Clinics to address prevention and treatment of cervical cancer in Uruguay on a monthly basis, since June 2015 and until today. The study aims to present the results obtained in Project ECHO in Uruguay in the prevention of cervical cancer. 13 Tele-Clinics on cervical cancer were developed from June 2015 until July 2016. Professionals of six departments around Uruguay - Paysandú, Rivera, Tacuarembó, San José, Colonia and Montevideo - participated of them, and 9 healthcare centers took part of the initiative. 21 clinical cases were discussed, answers were provided for the queries submitted and an update on relevant aspects of the condition was given. The Tele-Clinics involved specialists in different areas: clinical gynecologists, gynecologists specialized in the genital tract, pathologists, imagenology specialists, oncologists, radiotherapists, and gynecology residents. Average number of participants was 15. The Project has enabled the homogenization of diagnostic criteria as well as a sustained update on all aspects of the disease in the handling of cervical cancer.


O Projeto ECHO (Extension of Community Health Outcomes) é uma iniciativa com alcance internacional, cujo objetivo é melhorar o acesso à atenção especializada para as populações rurais utilizando tecnologias de comunicação. Foi introduzido no Uruguai em 2014 e atualmente inclui várias patologias. A Clínica Ginecotocológica A da Facultad de Medicina realiza teleclínicas ECHO para a abordagem da prevenção e tratamento do câncer de colo do útero (CCU) no Uruguai mensalmente desde junho de 2015. O objetivo deste trabalho é mostrar os resultados do Projeto ECHO no Uruguai na abordagem preventiva do CCU. Entre junho de 2015 e julho de 2016 foram realizadas 13 teleclínicas sobre CCU. Profissionais de seis departamentos do país: Paysandú, Rivera, Tacuarembó, San José, Colônia e Montevidéu e nove centros assistenciais estiveram conectados. Foram discutidos 21 casos clínicos, respondendo às dúvidas apresentadas e também atualizando temas relacionados a essa patologia. Participaram especialistas de diferentes áreas: ginecologistas clínicos, ginecologistas especializados em sistema genital, patologistas, oncologistas, especialistas em imagens e em radioterapia e residentes de tocoginecologia. O número medio de participantes por teleclínica foi 15. Na abordagem do CCU, o Projeto oferece a possibilidade de homogeneizar critérios diagnósticos além do realizar uma atualização permanente em todos os aspectos da enfermidade.


Subject(s)
Preventive Health Services , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/prevention & control
9.
J Surg Oncol ; 115(5): 615-618, 2017 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28168717

ABSTRACT

Cervical cancer is a preventable disease with a known etiology (human papillomavirus), effective preventive vaccines, excellent screening methods, and a treatable pre-invasive phase. Surgery is the primary treatment for pre-invasive and early-stage disease and can safely be performed in many low-resource settings. However, cervical cancer rates remain high in many areas of Latin America. This article presents a number of evidence-based strategies being implemented to improve cervical cancer outcomes in Latin America.


Subject(s)
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/therapy , Female , Health Services Accessibility , Humans , Latin America/epidemiology , Mass Screening , Papillomavirus Infections/diagnosis , Papillomavirus Vaccines/therapeutic use , Primary Prevention , Remote Consultation , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/epidemiology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/virology
10.
Horiz. méd. (Impresa) ; 15(4): 67-15, Oct.-Dic.2015. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-786513

ABSTRACT

El síndrome de Evans es la coexistencia de trombocitopenia autoinmune con anemia hemolítica autoinmune. Raramente se presenta durante el curso de un embarazo. Esto dificulta las opciones terapéuticas, dado que algunos de los agentes utilizados para el tratamiento son teratogénicos. Los efectos del síndrome de Evans en el feto y recién nacido se desconocen dado el escaso número de casos publicados. Presentamos el caso de una paciente con diagnóstico preconcepcional de síndrome de Evans, que presenta una crisis hemolítica en el curso de una gestación, y diagnóstico de restricción del crecimiento intrauterino (RCIU), en tratamiento en la Clínica Ginecotocológica "A" del Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell (CHPR), de Montevideo, Uruguay. Se analizan opciones terapéuticas y evolución, así como publicaciones previas...


Evans' syndrome is the coexistence of autoimmune thrombocytopenia with autoimmune hemolytic anemia. It is rarely found during the course of a pregnancy. This makes treatment options more difficult, since some therapeutic drugs are teratogenic. The effects of Evans' syndrome in the fetus and newborn are unknown given the low number of reported cases. We report the case of a patient with preconceptional diagnosis of Evans' syndrome, who develops a hemolytic crisis during the course of a pregnancy, and diagnosis of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), treated at Clinica Ginecotocologica "A" at the Pereira Rossell Hospital Center, in Montevideo, Uruguay. Treatment options and evolution are analyzed, as well as previous reports...


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Hemolysis/genetics , Hemolysis/immunology , Uterus/abnormalities , Uterus/growth & development
11.
Int J Gynaecol Obstet ; 134 Suppl 1: S12-5, 2016 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27577019

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the implementation of the law that liberalizes voluntary abortion in Uruguay and enables health services to offer these services to the population. METHODS: The legal and regulatory provisions are described and the national data-provided by the Ministry of Public Health's National Information System (SINADI)-on the number of voluntary terminations of pregnancy, the abortion method (medical or surgical), and whether it was performed as an outpatient or inpatient are analyzed. To determine complications, the number of maternal deaths and admissions to intensive care units for pregnant women was used. The study period ran from December 1, 2012, to December 31, 2014. RESULTS: A total of 15 996 abortions were performed during the study period; only 1.2% were surgical and 98.8% were medical. Of the latter, only 3.4% required hospitalization. Less than half of the pregnancies were terminated up to 9weeks of gestation and 54% were at 10 to 12weeks in a sample from the Pereira Rossell Hospital. CONCLUSION: The rapid nationwide rollout of voluntary termination of pregnancy services to all women was possible to a large degree thanks to the availability and broad acceptance of medical abortion, facilitated by the prior experience in applying the risk and harm reduction strategy.


Subject(s)
Abortion, Legal/statistics & numerical data , Health Plan Implementation/statistics & numerical data , Health Policy/legislation & jurisprudence , Maternal Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Abortion, Legal/legislation & jurisprudence , Abortion, Legal/methods , Female , Gestational Age , Humans , Maternal Health Services/legislation & jurisprudence , Pregnancy , Uruguay
12.
Int J Gynaecol Obstet ; 134 Suppl 1: S16-9, 2016 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27577020

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the attitudes and behavior of gynecologists in Uruguay with respect to the right to conscientious objection that is included in the law concerning voluntary termination of pregnancy. METHODS: The relevant laws and decrees, academic articles, legal or administrative claims, and the positions published by the institutions representing physicians or by groups of gynecologists were analyzed. RESULTS: In general, the institutions positioned themselves in favor of correct application of conscientious objection and the immense majority of gynecologists followed this conduct. Small groups mounted a strong opposition and in one department (province) all gynecologists declared themselves to be objectors. CONCLUSION: Most gynecologists, whether or not they are objectors, proved to have a "loyalty to duty," fulfilling their primary obligation to abide by the ethical duty to give treatment to the persons who need it. A small group used conscientious objection to impede the provision of care to the women who needed the service, some group members being genuine objectors and others pseudo-objectors.


Subject(s)
Abortion, Legal/psychology , Gynecology/ethics , Health Plan Implementation/ethics , Moral Obligations , Refusal to Treat , Abortion, Legal/ethics , Abortion, Legal/legislation & jurisprudence , Female , Gynecology/legislation & jurisprudence , Health Plan Implementation/legislation & jurisprudence , Humans , Male , Pregnancy , Uruguay
13.
Int J Gynaecol Obstet ; 134 Suppl 1: S28-30, 2016 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27577023

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine to what extent women adopted highly effective contraceptive methods after a legal abortion. METHODS: The data available during a period before and another period after liberalization of the abortion law were reviewed. The data gathering was incomplete and reliable only during certain periods, which were used in the study. RESULTS: There was an increase in the proportion of women who returned for contraception and in the proportion who used any method and long-acting methods; however, no contraception was administered immediately after abortion and only 16% of all women treated started to use a long-acting method during the period after the law was liberalized. CONCLUSION: The proposed objective was not being achieved, the recommended guidelines were not being followed, and data gathering was incomplete. Good intentions are not enough and it is always necessary to evaluate the performance of a program. The results indicate that immediate reforms are necessary in postabortion contraception services.


Subject(s)
Abortion, Legal , Aftercare , Contraception Behavior/statistics & numerical data , Contraception/statistics & numerical data , Family Planning Services/methods , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Contraception/methods , Female , Health Policy , Hospitals , Humans , Middle Aged , Pregnancy , Program Evaluation , Retrospective Studies , Uruguay , Young Adult
14.
Int J Gynaecol Obstet ; 134(S1): S28-S30, 2016 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28748586

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine to what extent women adopted highly effective contraceptive methods after a legal abortion. METHODS: The data available during a period before and another period after liberalization of the abortion law were reviewed. The data gathering was incomplete and reliable only during certain periods, which were used in the study. RESULTS: There was an increase in the proportion of women who returned for contraception and in the proportion who used any method and long-acting methods; however, no contraception was administered immediately after abortion and only 16% of all women treated started to use a long-acting method during the period after the law was liberalized. CONCLUSION: The proposed objective was not being achieved, the recommended guidelines were not being followed, and data gathering was incomplete. Good intentions are not enough and it is always necessary to evaluate the performance of a program. The results indicate that immediate reforms are necessary in postabortion contraception services.


Subject(s)
Abortion, Legal/legislation & jurisprudence , Aftercare/organization & administration , Contraception Behavior/statistics & numerical data , Contraception/statistics & numerical data , Family Planning Services/organization & administration , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Maternal Health Services , Middle Aged , Pregnancy , Program Evaluation , Retrospective Studies , Uruguay , Young Adult
15.
Int J Gynaecol Obstet ; 134(S1): S12-S15, 2016 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28748589

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the implementation of the law that liberalizes voluntary abortion in Uruguay and enables health services to offer these services to the population. METHODS: The legal and regulatory provisions are described and the national data-provided by the Ministry of Public Health's National Information System (SINADI)-on the number of voluntary terminations of pregnancy, the abortion method (medical or surgical), and whether it was performed as an outpatient or inpatient are analyzed. To determine complications, the number of maternal deaths and admissions to intensive care units for pregnant women was used. The study period ran from December 1, 2012, to December 31, 2014. RESULTS: A total of 15 996 abortions were performed during the study period; only 1.2% were surgical and 98.8% were medical. Of the latter, only 3.4% required hospitalization. Less than half of the pregnancies were terminated up to 9 weeks of gestation and 54% were at 10 to 12 weeks in a sample from the Pereira Rossell Hospital. CONCLUSION: The rapid nationwide rollout of voluntary termination of pregnancy services to all women was possible to a large degree thanks to the availability and broad acceptance of medical abortion, facilitated by the prior experience in applying the risk and harm reduction strategy.


Subject(s)
Abortifacient Agents, Steroidal , Abortion, Induced/legislation & jurisprudence , Health Plan Implementation , Health Policy , Abortion, Induced/psychology , Abortion, Induced/statistics & numerical data , Female , Humans , Maternal Health Services , Pregnancy , Risk Reduction Behavior , Uruguay
16.
Int J Gynaecol Obstet ; 134(S1): S16-S19, 2016 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28748590

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the attitudes and behavior of gynecologists in Uruguay with respect to the right to conscientious objection that is included in the law concerning voluntary termination of pregnancy. METHODS: The relevant laws and decrees, academic articles, legal or administrative claims, and the positions published by the institutions representing physicians or by groups of gynecologists were analyzed. RESULTS: In general, the institutions positioned themselves in favor of correct application of conscientious objection and the immense majority of gynecologists followed this conduct. Small groups mounted a strong opposition and in one department (province) all gynecologists declared themselves to be objectors. CONCLUSION: Most gynecologists, whether or not they are objectors, proved to have a "loyalty to duty," fulfilling their primary obligation to abide by the ethical duty to give treatment to the persons who need it. A small group used conscientious objection to impede the provision of care to the women who needed the service, some group members being genuine objectors and others pseudo-objectors.


Subject(s)
Abortifacient Agents, Steroidal , Abortion, Induced/legislation & jurisprudence , Attitude of Health Personnel , Moral Obligations , Refusal to Treat , Female , Gynecology/ethics , Health Services Accessibility , Humans , Maternal Health Services , Obstetrics/ethics , Pregnancy , Uruguay
17.
Rev. méd. Urug ; 31(1): 46-52, mar. 2015.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-768039

ABSTRACT

La necesidad de preservar la seguridad de los pacientes durante el proceso de aprendizaje ha determinado que la educación médica basada en el uso de las simulaciones se haya convertido en un imperativo ético. Objetivo: describir el taller de capacitación de residentes en la resolución de situaciones críticas frecuentes en la práctica obstétrica mediante simulación clínica desarrollado en el Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell. Material y método: el programa fue dirigido a los residentes de la Clínica Ginecotocológica “A”. Participaron un total de 17 residentes. Se utilizó la simulación como herramienta de aprendizaje por primera vez en nuestro medio. Se diseñaron dos escenarios clínicos, y mediante una viñeta clínica, y en algún caso con la participación de una actriz –paciente simulado–, se pretende que el residente actúe como lo haría en una situación real. Se realizó una lista de cotejos para ser evaluados por sus pares, pre y postest y encuesta de satisfacción del curso. Resultados: se evidenció un índice significativamente más alto de respuestas correctas en el postest en relación con el pretest, 92% y 69%, respectivamente, con una p < 0,001. El 100% de los participantes concuerdan en la utilidad de la simulación clínica, destacando que la misma les permitió reflexionar acerca de su práctica diaria. Conclusiones: la simulación es una iniciativa favorable para el desarrollo del área de educación médica, ya que propone un espacio para que los alumnos puedan desarrollar destrezas y habilidades, enfrentándose con una mayor seguridad a los pacientes reales...


The need to preserve patients’ safety during the learning process has determined that medical training based on the use of simulation has become an ethical must.Objective: to describe a workshop developed to at the Pereira Rossell Hospital Center to train residents in the resolution of frequent critical situations in obstetrics through clinical simulation.Method: the program aimed at residents of Clinica Ginecotocológica “A”. Seventeen residents took part in the workshop which used simulation as a learning instrument for the first time in our country. Two clinical scenarios were designed, and the goal is for residents to act as if it were a real situation. The workshop covers a clinical list, and in certain cases actors take part – pretending they are patients. A certain number of items were assessed by their peers, before and after the test and a course satisfaction survey was prepared.Results: a significant higher rate of correct answers was evidenced in the post-test when compared to the pre-test (92% and 69% respectively), p<0,001. All participants agree on the usefulness of clinical simulation, pointing out it enables their reflecting on their daily practice.Conclusions: simulation is a favorable initiative to develop the medical education area, since it allows a space for students to develop skills before facing real patients with a greater degree of confidence...


A necessidade de preservar a segurança dos pacientes durante o processo de aprendizagem determinou que a educação médica baseada no uso de simulações tenha se convertido em um imperativo ético.Objetivo: descrever a oficina de trabalho de capacitação de residentes na resolução de situações críticas frequentes na prática obstétrica utilizando simulação clínica desenvolvida no Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell.Material e método: o programa estava dirigido a residentes da Clínica Ginecotocológica “A”. Participaram 17 residentes. A simulação foi utilizada como ferramenta de aprendizagem pela primeira vez no nosso meio. Foram criadas duas situações clínicas, e com o apoio de uma ementa e contexto, e em algum caso com a participação de uma atriz (paciente simulada), buscava-se que o residente agisse como se estivesse em uma situação real. Foram elaboradas: uma lista de comparação para ser avaliada por seus pares, pré e pós-teste e uma pesquisa de opinião para conhecer o grau de satisfação com a atividade.Resultados: um índice significativamente mais alto de respostas corretas no pós-teste comparado com o pré-teste, 92% e 69%, respectivamente, com p < 0,001, foi registrado. 100% dos participantes concordaram com a utilidade da simulação clínica, destacando que esta lhes permitiu reflexionar sobre sua prática diária.Conclusões: a simulação é uma iniciativa que favorece o desenvolvimento da área de educação médica, pois propõe um espaço no qual os alunos podem desenvolver destrezas e habilidades, dando-lhes mais segurança quando atendam pacientes reais...


Subject(s)
Humans , Pregnancy Complications , Internship and Residency , Simulation Exercise , Education, Medical , Gynecology
18.
Rev. méd. Urug ; 30(4): 226-34, dic. 2014.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-746742

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la sífilis es una infección de transmisión sexual en aumento en el mundo y en nuestro medio, a pesar de ser una enfermedad evitable, diagnosticable y curable, tanto en el embarazo como en el período posnatal. Objetivo: validar el formulario nacional de auditoría de sífilis gestacional y congénita. Establecer un panorama actual del estado de sífilis en el Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell (CHPR). Material y método: estudio descriptivo transversal. Consiste en la realización del formulario de auditoría a las pacientes que se encontraban internadas en sala de puérperas en la maternidad del CHPR en los períodos 12 al 18 de setiembre, 3 al 17 de octubre y 1º de noviembre al 30 de noviembre de 2012. Población: se seleccionaron las historias clínicas de las pacientes puérperas internadas en el CHPR con VDRL positivo. Resultados: luego de la aplicación piloto del formulario se realizó la versión definitiva para su aplicación a nivel nacional para auditoría de sífilis gestacional y congénita. En ese período hubo 1.096 nacimientos, realizándose diagnóstico de sífilis en 20 pacientes (1,82%). Conclusiones: la aplicación de esta herramienta a nivel nacional permitirá el diseño de estrategias en prevención, diagnóstico precoz y tratamiento de sífilis gestacional y congénita en nuestro país. Surgen como barreras para la erradicación de la sífilis: el diagnóstico tardío, la falta de tratamiento de los contactos y la falta de registro de la denuncia obligatoria.


Information: syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease is gradually increasing globally, in spite of it being an avoidable disease that may be diagnosed and treated both during pregnancy and in the post-natal period.Objective: to validate the national audit form for gestational and congenital syphilis. To determine the current situation of syphilis at the Pereira Rossell Hospital Center.Method: transversal descriptive study. The audit form was completed for the patients who were hospitalized in the postpartum patients ward at the Pereira Rossell maternity from between 12-18 November, 3-17 October and 1-30 November 2012.Population: the clinical records of VDRL positive postpartum patients hospitalized at the Pereira Rossell Hospital were selected.Results: after the pilot application of the form, the final version was defined to be applied nationally for gestational and congenital syphilis. During that period there were 1,096 births, and syphilis was diagnosed in 20 patients (1.82%).Conclusions: applying this tool at the national level will enable the design of prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of gestational and congenital syphilis in our country. Late diagnosis, no treatment for contacts and failure to perform the mandatory report constitute barriers for its eradication.


Introdução: a sífilis é uma infecção de transmissão sexual que vem aumentando em todo mundo e também no nosso meio apesar de ser uma doença evitável, diagnosticável e curável, tanto durante a gravidez como no período pos-natal.Objetivo: validar o formulário nacional de auditoria de sífilis gestacional e congênita. Estabelecer um panorama atual do estado da sífilis no Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell.Material e método: estudo descritivo transversal. Consiste na aplicação do formulário de auditoria às pacientes internadas na sala de puérperas da maternidade do CHPR nos períodos 12 - 18 de setembro, 3 - 17 de outubro e 1º de novembro - 30 de novembro de 2012.População: foram selecionados os prontuários médicos puérperas internadas no CHPR com VDRL positivo.Resultados: depois da aplicação de um piloto do formulário, a versão definitiva foi definida para ser aplicado em todo o país para auditoria de sífilis gestacional e congênita. Nesse período 1.096 nascimentos foram registrados, sendo que em 20 pacientes (1,82%) foi realizado diagnóstico de sífilis.Conclusoes: a aplicação deste instrumento em todo o país permitirá planejar estratégias para a prevenção, diagnóstico precoce e tratamento da sífilis gestacional e congênita no nosso país. Surgem como barreiras para a erradicação da sífilis: o diagnóstico tardio, a falta de tratamento dos contactos e a falta de registro da notificação compulsória.


Subject(s)
Epidemiology, Descriptive , Syphilis, Congenital/epidemiology
19.
Rev. méd. Urug ; 29(3): 187-94, set. 2013. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-696303

ABSTRACT

Introducción: para el equipo de salud y específicamente para la Ginecotocología como especialidad, una de las situaciones más complejas que se pueden enfrentar es la existencia de una discordancia entre la indicación médica en pos del beneficio de la salud fetal y la falta de consentimiento por parte de la mujer embarazada. Estos conflictos de intereses, aunque poco frecuente, son muy difíciles de resolver y por ello resulta fundamental abordar estos problemas de manera sistematizada, para poder cumplir el rol profesional en beneficio de la conjunción materno-fetal.Propósito: analizar las situaciones de conflicto que existen cuando la mujer embarazada no consiente la atención prenatal en beneficio de la vida fetal, en los caso de feto viable y intentar sistematizar su abordaje.Discusión: se analiza desde el punto de vista bioético y de los valores profesionales cuales son las responsabilidades profesionales a la hora de analizar y abordar el potencial conflicto materno-fetal.Conclusiones: el feto se convierte en paciente cuando la mujer lo presenta para el cuidado prenatal, siendo esta la que le otorga el valor ante el profesional que la asiste. Es importante prevenir el conflicto mediante una adecuada relaciónmédico paciente y abordarlo cuando existe de manera sistemática e integral en beneficio de la conjunción materno-fetal.


Introducction: situations when the medical indications to be taken to benefit the life of the fetus are against the lack of consent of the pregnant woman constitute some of the most complex cases the health team in general, and gynecotocologists in particular, face. These conflicts of interest, though rather unusual, are hard to solve and thus, it is essential to address the problem in order to observe the professional role for the benefit of the maternal-fetal unit.Purpose: to analyse the conflict situations arising when a pregnant woman refuses to prenatal health care visits for the benefit of the life of the fetus, when they are viable, and to systematize the approach to these cases.Discussion: the professionalsÆ responsibilities when it comes to analysing and addressing the maternal-fetal conflict are analysed both from the bioethical perspective and the professional valuesÆ perspective.Conclusions: the fetus becomes a patient when the woman presents it for prenatal care, and it is the woman who confers this value to the fetus before theprofessional who sees her. It is important to avoid the conflict by means of an appropriate physician-patientrelation and to address it, if it occurs, in a systematic and comprehensive way, to benefit the maternal-fetal unit.


Introdução: para a equipe de saúde e especificamente para a Ginecologia-Obstetrícia como especialidade, uma das situações mais complexas que se podeenfrentar é a existência de uma discordância entre a indicação médica que busca o beneficio da saúde fetal e a falta de consentimento por parte da gestante. Esses conflitos de interesse, embora sejam pouco frequentes, são muito difíceis de resolver sendo, poressa razão, fundamental abordar estes problemas de maneira sistematizada, para poder cumprir com o papel profissional em beneficio da conjunção materno-fetal.Propósito: analisar as situações de conflito que existem quando a gestante não dá o consentimento para a prestação de atenção pré-natal em beneficio da vida fetal nos casos de feto viável, e buscar sistematizar sua abordagem.Discussão: analisa-se, do ponto de vista da bioética e dos valores profissionais, quais são as responsabilidades profissionais no momento de analisar eabordar o potencial conflito materno-fetal. Conclusões: o feto se converte em paciente quando a mulher o apresenta para o cuidado pré-natal, sendo ela quem outorga o valor perante o profissional que a atende. É importante prevenir o conflito mediante uma adequada relação médico-paciente e abordá-lo, quando existe, de forma sistemática e integral em beneficio da conjunção materno-fetal.


Subject(s)
Prenatal Care/ethics , Maternal Behavior , Conflict of Interest , Treatment Refusal , Bioethics
20.
Horiz. méd. (Impresa) ; 13(3): 52-57, jul.-sept. 2013. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-722011

ABSTRACT

Primary hyperparathyroidism is characterized by an increase in the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH), which causeshypercalcemia, determining, in varying degrees, the involvement of various organs and systems, increasing both maternaland fetal morbidity and mortality and compromising the prognosis of the binomial.We present the clinical case of a 28-year-old patient, primigravida, with a personal history of bilateral renal lithiasis,repeated pyelonephritis and a presumably nonfunctioning thyroid nodule. At 17 weeks ́ gestational age she is admitted forPRGHUDWH DQHPLD D PRQWK RI HYROXWLRQ SRRUO/ WROHUDWHG 3K/VLFDO H[DPLQDWLRQ ÀQGV QRGXOH LQ WKH WK/URLG ORGJH RI UDSLG JURZWK /DERUDWRU/ SURÀOH UDLVHV K/SHUFDOFHPLD DQG LQFUHDVHG LQWDFW 37+ PDNLQJ GLDJQRVLV RI SULPDU/ K/SHUSDUDWK/URLGLVP Surgical resection is performed at 24 weeks ́. The pathologic diagnosis was cystic parathyroid adenoma. In the evolutionshe presented hypothyroidism with normal levels of serum calcium and PTH. Being treated with calcium, calcitriol and T4.At 39 weeks labor begins spontaneously and a cesarean section is performed with diagnosis of non-reassuring fetal status,obtaining a vigorous newborn, with appropriate weight for gestational age. Good postpartum evolution


Subject(s)
Female , Adenoma , Pregnancy , Hyperparathyroidism, Primary , Parathyroid Hormone , Parathyroid Neoplasms
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