Digital platforms to facilitate physical activities for people with physical or sensory disabilities: A scoping review.

BACKGROUND: People with disabilities (PWD) commonly experience difficulties in accessing their environments, which can lead to restricted participation in outdoor leisure-time physical activity. Participating in outdoor leisure-time physical activity (OLTPA) provides health and social benefits to PWD and benefits to the communities in which they live. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to identify features existing in digital platforms that facilitate access to OLTPA for PWD. METHODS: A scoping review was conducted in four library databases and in Google advance search to identify relevant scientific and grey literature, and websites. Each step of the review was independently conducted by two co-authors who confirmed consensus of results. Descriptive data analyses were performed. RESULTS: Seven scientific studies and ten websites were included in the scoping review. Seven presented mobile apps, nine presented a website and one presented an online database. Sources reported five main obstacles to using digital platforms that support access to physical activities (e.g., lack of digital literacy, technical issues, unintuitive design), and 10 facilitators (e.g., possibility to personalize your online space, accessibility features of the navigation). Among these sources, a trend emerged in the most important factors and features to consider for the visuals and navigation of the platforms. CONCLUSION: The features of digital platforms that facilitate access to OLTPA include intuitive design compliant with accessibility guidelines and supported by navigation tools, personalization of the online space, and features for social interactions.

Dendritic cells pulsed with viral oncolysates potently stimulate autologous T cells from cancer patients.

We demonstrated before that primary operated breast cancer patients contain in their bone marrow (BM) cancer reactive memory T cells (MTC) which have to be re-activated to become tumor infiltrating effector cells. The aim of this study was to optimize an ex vivo stimulation protocol for MTC based on autologous dendritic cells (DC). As source of tumor antigens we used lysates from unmodified tumor cells or from tumor cells infected with Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) which contain IFN-alpha inducing viral dsRNA as one danger signal. DC from breast cancer patients were pulsed with lysates from the MCF-7 breast cancer line (Tu-L) or from NDV infected MCF-7 cells (TuN-L, viral oncolysates) and compared for stimulatory capacity in an ELISPOT response of autologous BM derived MTC. To analyze potential further danger signals derived from NDV infection, we employed MALDI mass spectrometry, Western blots, FACS cytometry and ELISA tests. DC pulsed with viral oncolysates showed increased expression of co-stimulatory molecules in comparison to Tu-L pulsed DC and induced significantly higher ELISPOT MTC responses. Supernatants from co-cultures of MTC and TuN-L pulsed DC contained increased titers of IFN-alpha and IL-15. NDV infection of tumor cells resulted in a number of differences in protein expression including a heat-shock protein (HSP27) which became phosphorylated. The results suggest that a DC preparation pulsed with viral oncolysate includes danger signals (e.g. dsRNA, cytokines, HSP molecules) and is superior for MTC stimulation to a DC preparation pulsed with lysate from non-infected tumor cells.