ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Pleomorphic and Florid Lobular carcinoma in situ (P/F LCIS) are rare variants of LCIS, the exact nature of which is still debated. AIM: To collect a large series of P/F LCIS diagnosed on preoperative biopsies and evaluate their association with invasive carcinoma and high grade duct carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Data obtained were compared with those reported in the literature. METHODS: A multi-institutional series of P/F LCIS was retrieved. All cases were diagnosed on pre-operative biopsies, which was followed by an open surgical excision. Data on post-operative histopathology were available. A literature review was performed. RESULTS: A total of 117 cases were collected; invasive carcinoma and/or DCIS was present in 78/117 cases (66.7%). Seventy cases of P/F LCIS were pure on biopsy and 31 of these showed pathological upgrade in post-surgical specimens. Pre-operative biopsy accuracy was 47/78 (60.3%); pre-operative biopsy underestimation of cancer was 31/78 (39,7.%). In the literature review papers, invasive carcinoma or DCIS was associated with 274 of 418 (65.5%) cases of P/F LCIS. Pre-operative biopsy accuracy was 66% (181/274) whereas pre-operative biopsy underestimation of cancer was 33.9% (93/274). CONCLUSIONS: The data presented here indicate that P/F LCIS is frequently associated with invasive carcinoma or high grade DCIS and that pre-operative biopsy is associated with an underestimation of malignancy. Open surgery is indicated when P/F LCIS is diagnosed pre-operatively.
Subject(s)
Breast Carcinoma In Situ/surgery , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery , Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/surgery , Carcinoma, Lobular/surgery , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Biopsy , Breast Carcinoma In Situ/pathology , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology , Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology , Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology , Europe , Female , Humans , Margins of Excision , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Grading , Neoplasm InvasivenessABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Low levels of health literacy are prevalent worldwide. This report details development and psychometric properties of a health literacy measure for oral medications based on design of the Newest Vital Sign. METHODS: The measure was completed during the baseline interview. A principal components analysis evaluated dimensionality of the measure. Cronbach's alpha assessed subscale internal consistencies. RESULTS: Internal consistencies and reliability for the subscales were acceptable for a new instrument (alpha = .661, alpha = .686, alpha = .400). A 3-factor structure explained 65.34% of the total variance. Divergent validity with the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine (REALM) was established. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicates that the medication health literacy tool is multidimensional, valid, and reliable. This information is important in light of emerging evidence of the impact of health literacy on medication adherence and health.
