Differential Acute Effect of High-Intensity Interval or Continuous Moderate Exercise on Cognition in Individuals With Parkinson's Disease.

BACKGROUND: People with Parkinson's disease (PD) present cognitive impairments, which deteriorate their quality of life and increase disability. Acute aerobic exercise has demonstrated favorable effects on cognitive function in healthy neurologically individuals, but these effects have a dose-response relationship. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the acute effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) versus continuous moderate-intensity training (MICT) on cognitive functions in people with PD. METHODS: A total of 14 individuals with PD performed cognitive tests, before and after 3 sessions-control session (CON), HIIT, and MICT. HIIT and MICT were performed on a stationary bicycle. HIIT consisted of a 25-minute exercise of high-intensity intervals (1 min) alternated with moderate-intensity intervals (2 min). MICT consisted of a 30-minute moderate-intensity exercise. CON was 30 minutes of seated resting. The cognitive parameters were compared by a mixed-model analysis for repeated measures. RESULTS: Acute effects of exercise were according to its type: MICT-improved immediate auditory memory (P < .01); HIIT-improved immediate auditory memory (P < .02), attention (P < .001), and sustained attention (P < .01); and CON-no effects on cognitive function. CONCLUSIONS: Acute aerobic exercise was able to promote better cognitive performance in people with PD. The effects on cognition were exercise intensity dependent.

Obstacle circumvention and eye coordination during walking to least and most affected side in people with Parkinson's disease.

BACKGROUND: The mechanisms that contribute to gait asymmetry in people with Parkinson's disease (PD) are unclear, mainly during gait with greater environmental demand, such as when an obstacle is circumvented while walking. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of obstacle circumvention of the least and most affected side on motor and gaze behavior in people with PD under/without the effects of dopaminergic medication. METHODS: Fifteen people with PD and 15 matched-control individuals were instructed to walk along a pathway, at a self-selected velocity, and to circumvent an obstacle, avoiding contact with it. Each participant performed five trials for each side. Kinematic parameters, mediolateral and horizontal body clearance to the obstacle, strategy to circumvent the obstacle, and gaze behavior were calculated. Parameters were grouped according to the side that the obstacle was circumvented and compared by three-way ANOVAs. RESULTS: Both people with PD and the control group presented asymmetry to circumvent an obstacle during walking, however this was exacerbated in people with PD. Individuals with PD presented safe strategies (largest mediolateral and horizontal body clearance to the obstacle, "lead-out" strategy, and higher number and time of fixations on the obstacle) during obstacle circumvention for the least affected side compared to the most affected side. In addition, positive effects of dopaminergic medication on body clearance, spatial-temporal parameters, and gaze behavior were evidenced only when the obstacle was circumvented to the least affected side. CONCLUSIONS: The obstacle circumvention to the most affected side is risky for people with PD.

Efeitos agudos dos exercícios posturais globais na dor e amplitude de movimento de abertura da boca em indivíduos com disfunção temporomandibular / Acute effects of global postural exercises on pain and range of motion opening in individuals with temporomandibular disorders

Introdução: a disfunção temporomandibular (DTM) é um conjunto de fatores que são associados aos ruídos articulares e dor nos músculos adjacentes, incluem também limitação de movimentos articulares da mandíbula, dores na face e cabeça. Objetivo: investigar os efeitos agudos na amplitude de movimento (ADM) de abertura da boca e intensidade da dor em indivíduos com DTM submetidos a exercícios posturais globais. Métodos: foram incluídos no estudo voluntários de ambos os sexos, com diagnóstico de DTM de acordo com os Critérios de Diagnóstico em Pesquisa para Disfunções Temporomandibulares (RDC/TMD). Para avaliar a dor, foi utilizado um dolorímetro Palpeter® com precisão de 0,5 kg e 1,0 kg nos músculos faciais definidos pelo RDC / TMD. Para mensurar a ADM de abertura da boca, foi utilizado um paquímetro com registro em uma casa decimal. Todas as medidas avaliativas foram realizadas antes e após o término do protocolo de intervenção com exercícios posturais globais. Resultados: em relação à intensidade da dor, houve diferença significativa no músculo masseter superior esquerdo e médio direito. Na ADM de abertura da boca houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os momentos, mas não houve diferença quando comparado entre grupos. Conclusão: o programa de exercícios posturais globais contribuiu para a redução na limitação da ADM de abertura da boca e diminuição da dor no músculo masseter.

Introduction: temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a set of factors that are associated with joint noises and pain in adjacent muscles, also include limitation of joint movements of the jaw, pain in the face and head. Objective: to investigate the acute effects on the range of motion (ROM) of mouth opening and intensity of pain in individuals with TMD undergoing global postural exercises. Methods: volunteers of both sexes with a diagnosis of TMD according to the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC / TMD) were included in the study. To assess pain, a Palpeter® painter with an accuracy of 0.5 kg and 1.0 kg was used in the facial muscles defined by RDC / TMD. To measure the mouth opening ROM, a pachymeter was used with one decimal place. All evaluative measures were performed before and after the end of the intervention protocol with global postural exercises. Results: in relation to the pain intensity, there was a significant difference in the left and right upper right masseter muscles. In the mouth opening ROM there was a statistically significant difference between the moments, but there was no difference when compared between groups. Conclusion: the global postural exercise program contributed to the reduction in the limitation of mouth opening ROM and decrease of pain in the masseter muscle.

Gaze position interferes in body sway in young adults.

Postural control is influenced by eye movements. Gaze fixation, which comprises a component of ocular vergence, is important in the acquisition of highly specific task information, but its relation to postural control is little investigated. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of gaze fixation position (central and lateral fixations) on postural sway in young adults. Forty young adults with ages ranging from 20 to 35 years were invited to participate in the study. Postural sway was measured in quiet stance in bipedal support in three 60-s trials under the following conditions: gaze fixation on a target positioned in front of participant, gaze fixation on a target positioned on right side of participant, and gaze fixation on a target positioned on left side of participant. The following center of pressure parameters (COP) in the anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral directions (ML) were analyzed for each of the trials: body sway displacement, mean velocity of sway, root mean square (RMS) of sway, and median frequency. In addition, detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) exponent, in anteroposterior and medio-lateral directions, was calculated. The COP presented greater AP and ML displacement (p<0.03, effect size=1.37; and p<0.03, effect size=1.64, respectively) and RMS AP and ML (p<0.04, effect size=1.66; and p<0.02, effect size=2.50, respectively) for lateral gaze fixation compared to central gaze fixation. These results suggest that gaze fixation on a laterally positioned target increases body sway in anteroposterior and mediolateral directions.

The effects of a global postural exercise program on temporomandibular disorder

Abstract - Changes in the suboccipital muscles and the hamstrings may interfere with head posture and the biomechanics of the temporomandibular joint, both of which contribute to the severity of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of a global postural exercise program (GPEP) on pain intensity and mouth-opening range of motion (ROM) in women with TMD. The participants were comprised of 30 women with TMD who were divided into two groups: an experimental group (EG) and a control group (CG). A pressure algometer was used for pain assessment and a paquimeter was used to measure ROM. The duration of the GPEP was six weeks. In the EG, there was a reduction in pain intensity and an increase in mouth-opening ROM compared to the CG. Therefore, we concluded that the GPEP was effective in relieving pain in all of the evaluated muscles and regions, and in increasing mouth-opening ROM in women with TMD.

Redução da escoliose idiopática juvenil pós-intervenção cinesioterapeutica: relato de caso / Reduction of juvenile Idiopathic Scoliosis kinesiotherapeutic postintervention: case report

Aproximadamente 85 por cento das escolioses em crianças são idiopáticas, pois muitos fatores causais ainda permanecem desconhecidos e seu tratamento, essencialmente, consiste do reconhecimento precoce, correção das posturas existentes e prevenção à evolução da mesma. Objetivo: avaliar o efeito do programa de cinesioterapia postural no tratamento da escoliose idiopática juvenil. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo relato de caso, realizado na Clínica de Fisioterapia da Universidade do Sagrado Coração, Bauru - SP. O sujeito deste estudo de caso foi uma criança do sexo feminino, com 11 anos de idade, apresentando diagnóstico de escoliose idiopática. Foi realizada a avaliação fisioterapêutica postural completa e análise da radiografia da região tóraco-lombar para obtenção do grau de Coob da escoliose nos momentos pré e pós-intervenção fisioterapêutica. O programa de intervenção consistiu de exercícios para o reequilíbrio postural. Resultados: Por meio da análise radiográfica foram observa-dos 16 graus Cobb na pré-intervenção, diminuindo para 4 graus na pós-intervenção. Conclusão: De acordo com os dados obtidos no presente estudo, conclui-se que o programa de cinesioterapia, englobando diversos métodos e técnicas da fisioterapia, proporcionou importante resultado radiográfico com redução de 12 graus Cobb da escoliose da criança estudada...

Approximately 85 per cent of idiopathic scoliosis in children as many causal factors remain unknown and its treatment essentially consists of early recognition, correction of existing positions and prevent the evolution of it. Objective: evaluate the effect of program kinesiotherapy postural in the treatment of juvenile idiopathic scoliosis. Materials and Methods: This study is a case report, Physiotherapy Clinic at the Universidade do Sagrado Coração, Bauru - SP. The subject of this case study was a child of the female, 11 years old, with a diagnosis of idiopathic scoliosis. Complete postural physiotherapy assessment and analysis of radiographs of the thoracolumbar region for the degree of Coob scoliosis in pre and post-intervention physical therapy was performed. The intervention program consisted of exercises for postural rebalancing. Results: By means of radiographic analysis of 16 degrees Cobb angle before intervention were observed decreasing to 4 degrees after intervention. Conclusion: According to the data obtained in this study, it is concluded that the program of exercise, involving multiple methods and techniques of physiotherapy, provided important radiographic outcome with reduction of 12 degrees Cobb scoliosis of children studied...