The association between parent education level, oral health, and oral-related sleep disturbance. An observational crosssectional study.

AIM: To explore the relationship between parents' education levels, children obesity, children oral health and oral-related sleep disorders. BACKGROUND: Prevention of oral diseases in children is important for their long-term health. Parents play a crucial role in the health and wellness of their children. As such, it is important for parents to be well-informed about the importance of their children's oral health, as well as the steps they can take to ensure that their children receive the best possible care. METHODS: Observational cross-sectional study. At the time of enrollment data regarding parents' employment status and parents' education level were collected. We also collected BMI and anamnestic data regarding the presence or not of oral-related sleep disorders in the last 3 months: snoring, chronic mouth breathing, sleep bruxism. Oral health was also evaluated for each subject through the DMFT (decayed, missing and filled teeth) index. CONCLUSION: Parents' education levels influence several health outcomes, including oral health and the risk of obesity. In turn, obesity can represent a risk factor for oral-related sleep disturbances. Parents play a crucial role in the health and wellness of their children. As such, it is important for parents to be knowledgeable about the importance of their children's health, as well as the steps they can take to ensure that their children receive the best possible care.

Piezoelectric bone surgery for impacted lower third molar extraction compared with conventional rotary instruments: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and trial sequential analysis.

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether piezoelectric bone surgery (PBS) for impacted lower third molar extraction reduces the surgical time and risk of intra- and postoperative complications in comparison with conventional rotary instruments. This meta-analysis followed the PRISMA guidelines and was registered in the PROSPERO database. The PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and OpenGrey databases were screened for articles published from January 1, 1990 to December 31, 2018. Selection criteria included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing PBS with conventional rotary instruments for impacted lower third molar extraction and reporting any of the clinical outcomes (intra- and postoperative complications and duration of surgery) for both groups. A risk of bias assessment was performed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. A meta-analysis was performed, and the power of the meta-analytic findings was assessed by trial sequential analysis (TSA). Strong evidence suggests that PBS prolongs the duration of surgery and low evidence suggests that PBS reduces postoperative morbidity (pain and trismus) in comparison with rotary instruments. Data were insufficient to determine whether PBS reduces neurological complications and postoperative swelling in comparison with burs.

The Use of Titanium Mesh in Guided Bone Regeneration: A Systematic Review.

Several techniques have been proposed for bone regeneration in patients with atrophic ridges. Nowadays, GBR represents the gold standard, and it allows obtaining sufficient bone volumes for a correct implant-prosthetic rehabilitation. Our goal is to perform a systematic review of the literature on the use of titanium meshes in GBR in order to evaluate the reliability of the procedure, the regeneration obtained, and the failures. Furthermore, we will evaluate the success and survival rate of the inserted implants. The selected articles concern vertical and/or horizontal regeneration of the alveolar ridge using titanium grids, in association or not with biomaterials, before and simultaneously with implant placement. Six articles were selected for the present review, including a total of 139 patients, 156 sites, and 303 implants. Titanium grids in combination with autogenous bone were used in 2 cases, 5 in combination with a mixture of autogenous bone and bone substitutes. The overall survival and success rates of implants were 98.3% and 85.25%, respectively. In conclusion, our review shows how the use of titanium mesh represented a predictable method for the rehabilitation of complex atrophic sites.

First case series on the use of imiquimod for morphoea.

BACKGROUND: Morphoea is characterized by fibrosis, which is mediated by cytokines including transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to use imiquimod 5% cream (Aldara), an inducer of interferon-gamma, known to inhibit TGF-beta, to treat morphoea. METHODS: Patients with morphoea were treated with imiquimod and evaluated during their follow-up visits to 6 months. RESULTS: The dyspigmentation, induration and erythema of 12 patients with morphoea lesions improved. The histology of the skin also showed a decrease in dermal thickness. CONCLUSION: This is the first case series describing the successful application of imiquimod in the management of morphoea.

The pseudomonas hot-foot syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Between March and May 1998, there was an outbreak of a clinically distinct skin eruption on the soles of the feet of children who used a community wading pool. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 40 children in whom this syndrome developed between March and May 1998. We treated 17 children and advised the attending physicians on the care of the other 23. Follow-up data were obtained for up to one year. RESULTS: Exquisitely painful erythematous plantar nodules developed in 40 children (age, 2 to 15 years) within 40 hours after they had used a wading pool whose floor was coated with abrasive grit. Culture of the plantar pustules from one child yielded Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a pattern on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis that was identical to that of a strain of P. aeruginosa cultured from the pool water. A skin-biopsy specimen from this patient showed a perivascular and perieccrine neutrophilic infiltrate, and a specimen from another patient showed a dermal microabscess. Thirty-seven patients were treated symptomatically; three others were treated with cephalexin. All patients recovered within 14 days, but three children had recurrences of the painful plantar nodules within 24 hours after using the pool again. Folliculitis developed in one patient. CONCLUSIONS: The "pseudomonas hot-foot syndrome" is characterized by the acute onset in children of exquisitely tender plantar nodules and a benign, self-limited course. This community outbreak developed after exposure to pool water containing high concentrations of P. aeruginosa.

Localized tetanus in a child.

The majority of physicians in practice today in developed countries have never seen a case of tetanus. The last pediatric case reported in Canada occurred in 1992. We present the case of a child who had localized tetanus despite previous partial immunization.

Pigmented and hyperkeratotic napkin dermatitis: a liquid detergent irritant dermatitis.

BACKGROUND: Napkin or diaper dermatitis (DD) is an inflammatory cutaneous eruption limited to the diaper area and common in the first 2 years of life. A number of clinical variants of DD have been identified. OBJECTIVE: We report a new variant of DD characterized by papyraceous skin, brownish discoloration and predilection for the depth of folds. METHODS: 15 infants and toddlers affected by this peculiar type of DD were evaluated regarding duration, localization, morphology and evolution of their dermatosis. RESULTS: This variant of DD was mainly confined to the depth of inguinal and gluteal folds and invariably associated with severe xerosis with papyraceous and glazed skin. The patients were healthy and asymptomatic and all laboratory investigations performed were normal. All patients were frequently changed and thoroughly washed with synthetic detergents with acid pH. DD improved rapidly with reduced frequency of washing and discontinuation of liquid detergents. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that this condition is a type of irritant contact dermatitis from excessive use of lipid acid detergents.

Perianal streptococcal dermatitis associated with guttate psoriasis and/or balanoposthitis: a study of five cases.

Perianal streptococcal dermatitis (PSD) is a recently described cutaneous entity caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococci. It is characterized by perianal erythema, sometimes associated with functional disturbances. We describe four children (2 boys, 2 girls) who had acute guttate psoriasis and also PSD. One of these patients also had balanoposthitis. A fifth patient experienced an association of PSD and balanoposthitis without psoriasis. To our knowledge, the association between guttate psoriasis and PSD has only been reported in five children, and the one with balanitis has not been previously reported.

The treatment of metastatic pleural effusion in breast cancer: report of 25 cases.

We report our experience in the treatment of pleural effusion in 25 patients with metastatic breast cancer. Seventeen patients received initial systemic therapy and in 13 of them local intrapleural therapy was subsequently employed; the remaining 8 patients received local therapy only. Several modalities of local treatment were used: intrapleural chemotherapy with thiotepa and 5-fluorouracil; the production of pleural adhesion by the use of chest drainage alone or associated with instillation of sclerosing agents, such as nitrogen mustard or tetracycline. Of the 21 patients who were subjected to local therapy, 19 (90.5%) achieved an objective response (16 complete (76.2%) and 3 (14.34%) partial). Complete responses were observed exclusively in patients who had pleurodesis. Our data suggest that pleurodesis is the treatment of choice for neoplastic pleural effusion and that the use of tetracycline as a sclerosing agent is the most useful because of its availability, low cost and low morbidity.