ABSTRACT
Quantitative genetic studies of resistance can provide estimates of genetic parameters not available with other types of genetic analyses. Three methods are discussed for estimating the amount of additive genetic variation in resistance to individual insecticides and subsequent estimation of the heritability (h2) of resistance. Sibling analysis and offspring-parent regression permit direct estimates of h2 by comparing the resistance phenotypes of individuals of known relatedness. Threshold trait analyses, performed on data from selection experiments, provide estimates of realized heritability. Procedures are outlined for predicting changes in resistance to insecticides based on h2 estimates. Quantitative genetic theory is examined as it relates to resistance and resistance as a quantitative trait; quantitative genetic methods also are unique in providing estimates of genetic correlations between traits. Comments are included on estimates of genetic correlation between resistance and phenotypic traits (e.g., development time) and how they may be used to predict changes in the genetic aspects of phenology that result from insecticide applications (i.e., to predict how the reproductive capacity of future generations will differ from that of the treated generation).
Subject(s)
Insecticide Resistance/genetics , Analysis of Variance , Animals , Crosses, Genetic , Female , Genetic Techniques , Insecta/genetics , Insecta/physiology , Male , Phenotype , Regression AnalysisSubject(s)
Basal Ganglia Diseases/drug therapy , Dexetimide/therapeutic use , Piperidines/therapeutic use , Adolescent , Adult , Antipsychotic Agents/adverse effects , Basal Ganglia Diseases/chemically induced , Chemical Phenomena , Chemistry , Drug Evaluation , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Psychotic Disorders/drug therapyABSTRACT
The hemodialysis program was carried out in four male chronic schizophrenic patients hospitalized 3--12 months in the Psychiatric Clinic, Medical University, Wroclaw. The diagnosis was made independently by three psychiatrists. The disease lasted 5 to 26 years. The clinical assessment of mental and physical state followed each dialysis. The BPRS, CGI and Wing's Ward Behavior Scale were filled. Eleven to 20 dialyses were conducted once a week (two patients) or twice weekly (two patients). Neuroleptics were withdrawn. A short period of slight, unspecific improvement was followed by a deterioration in all cases, which made it necessary to put the patients back on neuroleptics. At the end of the dialysis program none of the patients improved. Further research on the efficacy of dialysis in chronic schizophrenia should be made before the final assessment of its value.
