Efficacy of local essential oils against Amblyomma variegatum tick from Burkina Faso.

The native tick Amblyomma variegatum remains one of the most important tick species affecting cattle in West Africa. This hinders animal production by negatively impacting the health and reproduction of animals infested with the tick. Given the negative consequences on production quality and environmental health, the use of chemical products for tick control is increasingly being discouraged. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the acaricidal activity of essential oils such as Ageratum conyzoïdes, Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon giganteus, Lippia multiflora and Ocimum gratissimum against specimens of A. variegatum from Burkina Faso. A larval immersion test was performed to investigate the larvicidal activities of these essential oils. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to determine the chemical compositions of essential oils. The chemical composition was predominantly oxygenated monoterpenes in A. conyzoïdes (48.71 %), C. citratus (99.9 %) and C. giganteus (73.63 %), while hydrocarbon monoterpenes were the most abundant in O. gratissimum (63.7 %) and hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes in L. multiflora (71.719 %). The recorded larvicidal activity, varied according to the species of plants and the dose applied. At a dose of 12.5 mg/mL, all essential oils studied, except L. multiflora (7.54 %), induced 100 % larval mortality. In this study, we highlight the promising larvicidal effects of local essential oils against A. variegatum. These essential oils can be used as bio-acaricides, which are effective and environmentally-friendly alternatives to chemical products. However, further investigations are required to determine the mechanisms of action of these essential oils for in vivo experimentation and their practical application in the control of A. variegatum ticks.

Evaluation of synergism in essential oils against the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus in Burkina Faso.

The cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus affects animal production economically by reducing weight gain and milk production and causing diseases, such as babesiosis and anaplasmosis. Using synthetic acaricides to reduce their incidence has caused the emergence of resistant tick populations. The present study aimed to assess the in vitro acaricidal activity of combinations of essential oils (EOs) from Ocimum americanum, Ocimum gratissimum, and Lippia multiflora against R. microplus larvae. In fact, numerous biological properties have been reported on EOs from these three plants, including acaricidal properties. Hence, a larval immersion test was performed using a population of R. microplus resistant to synthetic acaricides used in Burkina Faso. Results revealed that EO from O. gratissimum was the most effective on R. microplus larvae with LC50 and LC90 values at 10.36 and 15.51 mg/mL, respectively. For EO combinations, the most significant synergistic effect was obtained by combination 6 (1/3 O. americanum + 2/3 O. gratissimum +1/6 L. multiflora), with a combination index value of 0.44. All combinations presented dose reduction index >1, indicating a favorable dose reduction. According to the literature, this is the first study to determine the combination effect of EOs from the abovementioned plants in controlling R. microplus activity in vitro. Thus, the combination of these EOs is an alternative to control the resistant populations of invasive cattle ticks.

[Use of Harmonic blade in face lifting]. / Apport de l'ultracision dans les liftings cervico-faciaux.

INTRODUCTION: Rapid recovery and return to social activities are what every patient wishes when considering to undergo a face lifting procedure. In our practice, the use of the Harmonic scalpel in order to achieve this goal has greatly improved the postoperative period. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We have performed 920 face lifting procedures exclusively using the Harmonic scalpel from 2001 to May 2017. RESULTS: A retrospective chart review was performed. Mean operative time was 110minutes for facelift involving SMAS plication only, and 180minutes for facelift involving SMAS plication with the addition of submental approach for anterior platysma plasty. Return to normal social life was achieved on the 8th postoperative day for the majority of cases. CONCLUSION: The use of the Harmonic scalpel, once properly integrated in the face lifting procedure, significantly reduces postoperative ecchymosis and oedema and allows a prompt return to normal social life.

[Auricular malformations]. / Malformations de l'oreille.

Reconstruction of complex auricular malformations is one of the longest surgical technique to master, because it requires an extremely detailed analysis of the anomaly and of the skin potential, as well as a to learn how to carve a complex 3D structure in costal cartilage. Small anomalies can be taken care of by any plastic surgeon, providing that he/she is aware of all the refinements of ear surgery. In this chapter, we analyze retrospectively 30 years of auricular reconstruction, ranging from small anomalies to microtia (2500 cases), excluding aesthetics variants such as prominent ears.

[Reconstruction of the burned ear]. / La reconstruction auriculaire en cas de destruction par brûlures.

BACKGROUND: The external ear is a complex, delicate structure and treatment of burned ears should not be neglected. We will detail the different scenarios a surgeon can encounter and present a therapeutic algorithm. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From 1984 to 2011, we operated 134 patients for ear deformities secondary to burns, of which 90 cases were unilateral (67%) and 44 cases bilateral (32%), accounting for 178 ear in total. Our two-stage technique is based on an autologous cartilage framework, covered by mastoid skin, superficial temporal fascia (STF) or indirect skin expansion, and later by elevation of the construct. RESULTS: Costal cartilage is the ideal support when loss of substance is greater than one quarter of the ear pavilion and/or two plans. Mastoid skin integrity is the best factor of prognosis when planning an ear reconstruction. If injured, the STF can be used. If the STF has been injured as well, indirect expansion represents the last option before placement of prosthesis. Free contralateral STF is rarely an option in these patients, although it should be considered. CONCLUSION: Reconstruction of one or both ears is often the last step in a rehabilitation process after burns. It is ideally performed after wound healing has been achieved, and by a team well trained in microtia treatment and post-traumatic reconstruction.

[Urinary diversion to the augmented and valved rectum: simplified technique]. / Dérivation urinaire rectale à basse pression et anti-reflux: technique simplifiée.

OBJECTIVE: Description of the Ghoneim's low pressure rectal bladder, without colo-colic valve and colostomy. METHOD: Thirty-six patients underwent this simplified technique. RESULTS: The simplification of the technique did not increase the complication. The operating time has been lessened. The closing colostomy was avoided.

State-of-the-art autogenous ear reconstruction in cases of microtia.

Ear reconstruction is considered to be a challenging form of surgery. In cases of microtia, surgeons must reconstruct complex missing contours, which necessitates the use of a support and skin remnants to cover this support. Although the use of synthetic material has been proposed in order to avoid harvesting and carving cartilage, the best long-term choice for reconstructing an ear is autologous rib cartilage. This procedure requires good understanding of the 3-dimensional architecture of the ear and learning the step-by-step construction of a harmonious framework (which with practice will become the most straightforward part of the procedure). Surgery, usually performed at the age of 9 or 10 years, is planned in 2 stages. In the first stage, the framework is placed under a skin pocket. Six months later, the sulcus is created using an additional cartilage graft for projection and a skin-grafted galeal fascial flap. In order to shorten the learning curve, a detailed carving process is described here, as well as a tool to enable training before surgery. Remnants of the microtic ear can have many different shapes; therefore, a comprehensive approach to skin management is proposed, providing a simple surgical classification for all types of microtia. Furthermore, some refinements of the cartilage framework and the construction of the retroauricular sulcus have improved results. Whenever possible, successful reconstruction of a microtic ear with autologous rib cartilage, as opposed to synthetic materials, is by far the best option.

Vibrant Soundbridge middle ear implant in mixed hearing loss. Indications, techniques, results.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this article is to illustrate the aetiologies of mixed hearing loss that can benefit from a Vibrant Soundbridge (VSB) middle ear implant, the techniques performed and the first results. MATERIALS AND METHOD: The authors report their experience of 13 implantations in mixed hearing loss due to otosclerosis, sequelae of chronic otitis media and congenital aural atresia. The VSB implant was implanted alone or in association with another middle ear surgical procedure, on the ossicular chain or on the round window membrane. RESULTS: The average auditory gain for all patients is 32 dB for pure tone thresholds, and 25 dB for speech recognition. It results from the addition of a gain on the conductive hearing loss by direct stimulation of the inner ear, to a gain on the sensorineural hearing loss by amplification. CONCLUSION: Middle ear implants are the only hearing aids affording a gain in both the conductive and sensorineural components of mixed hearing losses.

[Recto-urethral fistula following prostatectomy: surgical repair using a combined perineal and laparoscopic approach. Procedure and results of two cases]. / Fistule recto-urétrale après prostatectomie : cure chirurgicale par double voie d'abord coelioscopique et périnéale. Technique et résultats à propos de deux cas.

PURPOSE: RUF is a rare occurrence usually following radical prostatectomy. We report our short experience and outcomes with the repair of Iatrogenic Recto-urinary fistula using a combined laparoscopic and perineal approach. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of our patients who underwent lately a combined approach using laparoscopic and perineal procedure. Two patients in our unit underwent a RUF repair associating a laparoscopic mobilization of the omentum and a perineal closure. A temporary colostomy was performed at the time of RUF diagnosis and closed few weeks after the RUF repair procedure. Procedure time was 255mn. Blood loss was short and no transfusion was required. RESULTS: All fistulae were closed within a short hospitalization time and an easy outcome. The delay between the diagnosis and the final closure of the colostomy was reduced to 3 months in our short experience. CONCLUSION: The procedure is safe and provides nice exposure and a thick and very well vascularized flap. Shortening the management of this complication after reduces the anxiety of the patients and his medical team.

Ear reconstruction following severe complications of otoplasty.

BACKGROUND: Correction of prominent ears is one of the most common operations performed in congenital deformity. Many appropriate corrective techniques have been described. While rare, severe complications destroying ear contours can occur and their correction should follow the established principles of ear reconstruction. METHODS: A retrospective review of the notes of all patients who presented to Clinique George Bizet (1981-2007) in Paris, for correction of complications after undergoing prominent ear surgery at another facility, was performed. Each patient's age, gender, diagnosis, number of previous operations and final outcome were noted as available. Patients were included in this study if they had undergone one or more operations for prominent ears, leading to severe destructive complications, prior to consultation with the senior author and then underwent surgical repair with either an auricular (conchal) cartilage graft or with autogenous costal cartilage. RESULTS: A total of 49 (25 female, 24 male) patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean age at presentation was 23 years (range of 10-59 years of age). The mean number of previous attempts to correct the ear deformity was 1.3 (1-12) times. Eight patients underwent reconstruction with a conchal cartilage graft and 41 with costal cartilage. CONCLUSIONS: While more minor contour deformities are correctable with a contralateral conchal cartilage graft, when more than a quarter of the ear or more than two planes of its complex folds are deformed, costal cartilage is recommended for surgical repair. The principles of ear reconstruction should be well understood prior to attempting a repair of severe complications after otoplasty.

[Indications for curietherapy of the prostate using permanent implants]. / Les indications de la curiethérapie de prostate par implantation permanente.

In the last decade, brachytherapy emerged as a particularly appealing new way ot treating localized prostate cancer. Recently published 10-12 years biochemical control results appear to be superimposable to the best percentages achieved by surgery or conformal radiotherapy, with a small percentage of complications. This applied to severely patients. Only patients with T1/T2, PSA < 10 ng/mL, and Gleason score < 7 should be proposed such a treatment. The potential benefit of exploring patients with a endorectal coil MRI is being evaluated. The number of positive biopsies is also a parameter which should probably be considered in the therapeutic choice. Moreover, a prostate volume > 60 g, hip mobility limitations, a urinary obstructive syndrome and previous transurethral resection lead to difficulties in technical implantation and therefore must be taken into account when discussing brachytherapy. In conclusion, for adequately selected patients, brachytherapy offers a particularly applied alternative to surgery and external radiotherapy, with satisfactory long term biochemical control rates and limited complications.

[Auricular reconstruction in cases of microtia. Principles, methods and classification]. / La reconstruction auriculaire en cas de microtie. Principes, méthodes et classification.

In the correction of microtia, whether it be isolated or associated to other facial anomalies, the same principles are followed: sculpture of a framework from autologous rib cartilage to reproduce the contours of an ear and coverage of the framework with the cutaneous remnants. The sculpting of the cartilaginous framework requires sufficient training which through experience becomes the most routine surgical step of the reconstruction. Regarding the cutaneous step, it is different, because the microtia may appear in multiple forms. Numerous clinical classifications have already been published. The new classification which has been proposed, enables a better understanding of the cutaneous step of microtia correction. It is a surgical classification. Three different types of skin plasties (type 1, 2 and 3) allow for the treatment of all microtia. Thus, a surgical proposal can be advocated as early as the clinical examination regarding the appropriate utilization of the cutaneous remnants.

[Microtia in cases of oto-mandibular dysplasia]. / La microtie dans la dysplasie oto-mandibulaire.

The technique of reconstruction of a microtia, observed in cases of otomandibular dysplasia, does not differ in its principle from that of an isolated microtia. The technical approach depends primarily on the aspect of the auricular remnants whose forms are multiple and are in no way etiologically specific. However, when associated with other malformations of otomandibular dysplasia, the microtia presents some particularities and its correction must be integrated in the global treatment of hemifacial anomalies.

Ear reconstruction in cases of typical microtia. Personal experience based on 352 microtic ear corrections.

The aim of this paper is to report my experience of 352 ear reconstructions to correct microtia with Brent's technique (n = 184) and Nagata's technique (n = 144). The remaining 24 were atypical presentations reconstructed in a one-stage procedure. Brent's technique is a safe, step-by-step, four-stage reconstruction and Nagata's technique involves only two stages. Nagata's innovations include transposing the lobule of the auricle during the first stage, carving a framework that includes the tragus, and constructing the posterior wall of the concha during the second stage. Cases of typical microtia have been selected to illustrate the advantages and pitfalls of both techniques.

Use of the subgaleal fascia to construct the auditory canal in microtia associated with aural atresia. A preliminary report.

In this paper we introduce the use of a subgaleal flap to construct the auditory canal in cases of microtia associated with aural atresia. The anatomy, the vascularisation, and the nomenclature of the different planes that constitute the temporal region are wellknown. The subgaleal fascia, also referred to as the loose areolar fascia has been until now the less surgically exploited of these planes. Nevertheless, it has a structure and a vascularisation that enables it to be dissected and used surgically. The subgaleal flap used to line the neoauditory canal drilled into the bone provides a vascular bed that greatly improves the quality of the skin graft and supports the tympanoplasty. The procedure is done while the ear is being raised, which constitutes the second stage of the two-stage ear reconstruction. This new approach has been used on 22 ears. A preliminary analysis of the results shows that construction of the auditory canal has been improved.

[Reconstruction of the pinna in cases of microtia]. / La reconstruction du pavillon auriculaire en cas de microtie.

Pessimism about the results of surgical reconstruction of the pinna in cases of microtia is unjustified. Currently there are two techniques available which give excellent results if conditions are favourable: these are the techniques of Brent and of Nagata. This article describes both of these techniques, whose common principle is the use of autologous costal cartilage sculptured to give the contour of a normal ear, and the areas where they are different. The author has carried out 154 reconstructions using the Brent technique and 92 using the Nagata technique, and gives a critical analysis of the results obtained by these two methods.

[Pseudosarcoma of the bladder. Apropos of a case of inflammatory tumor of the bladder]. / Pseudo-sarcome de la vessie. A propos d'une observation de tumeur inflammatoire de la vessie.

The authors report a case of benign pseudosarcoma of the bladder and emphasize the endoscopic features of the tumour, which were highly suggestive of malignancy, leading to the decision to perform cystectomy. The diagnosis was corrected by endoscopic resection and histology. Treatment usually consists of partial cystectomy, but can sometimes be limited to one or several endoscopic resections.