An Overview on Global Trends in Nanotechnological Approaches for Alzheimer Therapy.

Despite extensive research for over two decades, the medical science is yet to assign the exact aetiology and mode of progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The modern era of AD drug development began with the proposal of the cholinergic hypothesis of memory impairment. Since then, despite the proposal and phase trials of many therapeutic options, only few drugs have shown some efficacy and safety. The reasons behind this have been many including the ineffectiveness of tested drugs and inadequacy of clinical development methods. In this manuscript, we present an account of modern structural, functional and molecular imaging developed for AD therapy. A comprehensive review of all the current and future treatment options for AD, ranging from cholinergic drugs, NMDA receptor antagonist, immunotherapy, drugs reducing Aβ production, and drugs targeting tau protein and mitochondrial dysfunction has also been provided. However, the failure of all the proposed treatment options to provide a complete cure of AD has been pushing for the need of new therapies. The recent advent of nano-drugs has been proposed to provide crucial breakthroughs in AD therapy. Hence, a detailed outline of the usage and applications of nano-drugs in AD therapy, and outstanding developments in nanodrug metabolism and disposition has been discussed.

An overview on the correlation of neurological disorders with cardiovascular disease.

Neurological disorders (NDs) are one of the leading causes of death especially in the developed countries. Among those NDs, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson disease (PD) are heading the table. There have been several reports in the scientific literatures which suggest the linkage between cardiovascular disorders (CVDs) and NDs. In the present communication, we have tried to compile NDs (AD and PD) association with CVDs reported in the literature. Based on the available scientific literature, we believe that further comprehensive study needs to be done to elucidate the molecular linking points associated with the above mentioned disorders.

A Synopsis of Nano-Technological Approaches Toward Anti-Epilepsy Therapy: Present and Future Research Implications.

Epilepsy is a non-communicable central nervous system disorder that affects over 60 million people worldwide. The developments in epilepsy treatment face major hurdles due to drug resistance and disease recurrence after reduction in medication. Nano-technological anti-epileptic drug (AED) delivery systems have recently garnered attention due to their ability to cross the blood brain barrier, improved selectivity and potential for sustained drug delivery to the brain. This review focuses on several nano-based AED delivery systems, including liposomes, nano-emulsions, polymeric nanoparticles, solid-lipid nanoparticles and magnetic nanoparticles. Their limitations and future prospects in terms of AED delivery to the brain are also highlighted. It is hoped that the present communication will be helpful in the identification of potential AED delivery systems based on their advantages and disadvantages.

Comparative study of non-high density lipoproteins cholesterol level and lipid profile in pre-diabetic and diabetic patients.

OBJECTIVES: The present study compares the role and significance of non-high density lipoproteins (non-HDL) cholesterol level in pre-diabetic and diabetic patients. This study also compares non-HDL cholesterol level between males and females and with different age groups as well. METHODS: An observational study was conducted among 3830 randomly selected individuals to envisage the association of non-HDL cholesterol and other lipid parameters with age, gender, and diabetic status. On the basis of health status, the subjects were classified as diabetic, pre-diabetic and normal. Fasting blood samples were collected and analyzed on Roche p-800 modular system. Total cholesterol, high density lipoproteins (HDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL) and fasting triglycerides were also measured. From the above mentioned parameters, the level of non-HDL cholesterol level was also calculated. RESULTS: Significant association was observed with non-HDL cholesterol level and all other studied lipid parameters (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and triglycerides) compared with age and gender of the subjects studied. Moreover, the calculated non-HDL level, total cholesterol and triglycerides were found to be significantly co-related with diabetic status of the patients involved in the study. However, HDL and LDL values did not show any significant association with diabetic status of the patients. CONCLUSION: In this study, we found that age and gender of the studied subjects are associated with non-HDL cholesterol. Moreover, our data clearly indicates the positive association of non-HDL cholesterol level with pre-diabetic and diabetic status of the patients. Based on our study, we recommend estimation of non-HDL level in routine clinical practice to differentiate pre-diabetic and diabetic patients.