ABSTRACT
1. An h.p.l.c. method has been developed to quantify the GSH conjugate of 1,3-dichloropropene (DCP). 2. The GSH conjugate of DCP (GSCP) was detected in the blood of rats exposed to DCP by inhalation, and elimination of GSCP from rat blood fitted a one-compartment model. 3. Exposure of rats to 78, 155, or 404 ppm DCP gave an elimination t 1/2 of 17 h, independent of exposure concentration.
Subject(s)
Acetylcysteine/analogs & derivatives , Allyl Compounds/toxicity , Insecticides/toxicity , Acetylcysteine/blood , Acetylcysteine/chemical synthesis , Acetylcysteine/pharmacokinetics , Administration, Inhalation , Allyl Compounds/administration & dosage , Animals , Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated , Male , Mass Spectrometry , Rats , Rats, Inbred StrainsABSTRACT
Rats were exposed to 1,3-dichloropropene (DCP), a commonly used agricultural nematicide, by inhalation to assess the relationship between DCP concentration and the urinary excretion of the mercapturic acid of cis-DCP (3C-NAC). The nose-only exposure system that was used for simultaneously exposing up to four rodents is described. This apparatus provided for generation and monitoring of relative humidity and test vapor concentration. Animals were exposed for 1 hr to concentrations of up to 789 ppm DCP. Urine was collected for 24 hr after exposure. The quantity of 3C-NAC contained in the urine collections exhibited an exposure concentration-dependent increase from 0 to 284 ppm DCP. However, the amount of 3C-NAC was no greater for animals exposed to 398 or 789 ppm DCP than for animals exposed to 284 ppm DCP.
Subject(s)
Acetylcysteine/urine , Allyl Compounds/toxicity , Administration, Inhalation , Allyl Compounds/administration & dosage , Animals , Atmosphere Exposure Chambers , Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated , Male , Rats , Rats, Inbred StrainsABSTRACT
Rats were exposed by inhalation to 1,3-dichloropropene (DCP) to assess the relationship between DCP exposure concentration and tissue levels of reduced glutathione (GSH). Animals were exposed for 1 h in a dynamic, nose-only system. GSH content, indicative of DCP metabolism, was measured in heart, kidney, liver, lung, nasal mucosa, and testes. A decrease in nasal GSH content was first seen at 5 ppm DCP and followed an exposure concentration-dependent curve. Exposure to concentrations above 305 ppm DCP reduced the level of liver GSH in an exposure concentration-dependent manner. Although depressed, lung GSH content remained relatively constant at approximately 75% of control following concentrations of up to 955 ppm DCP. Significant decreases in GSH content were observed in heart, liver, and testes only at 1716 ppm. Additional measurements were taken to investigate DCP distribution and potential indicators of acute toxicity. DCP was not present in the blood of animals 2 h after exposure to 955 ppm DCP or less. Serum lactate dehydrogenase activity was affected only at the highest exposure concentration, 1716 ppm DCP. Lung weight, measured at 2 and 6 h after exposure, did not differ from control for any of the exposure levels. This information demonstrated the importance of nasal tissue GSH in the metabolism of at least low levels of DCP. It also suggests the complexities involved with in vivo defence against inhaled DCP.
Subject(s)
Allyl Compounds/toxicity , Glutathione/analysis , Insecticides/toxicity , Administration, Inhalation , Allyl Compounds/blood , Animals , Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/blood , Lung/drug effects , Lung/metabolism , Male , Organ Size/drug effects , Rats , Rats, Inbred StrainsABSTRACT
Recent research has highlighted the complexity of the battered child syndrome. Clinical experience suggests that treatment of troubled families is a long-term process, draining financial resources of agencies and emotional resources of professionals. The need to provide support and case consultation to professionals working in the area of child abuse and neglect evolved in the establishment, in 1968, of the Suspected Child Abuse and Neglect (SCAN) Program at Children's Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. This program provides an effective method of intervention through identification, consultation, referral and follow-up of at-risk families. Weekly meetings offer multi-disciplinary case coordination, treatment recommendations, and a channel of communication for representatives of community agencies. This paper traces the history and present status of the SCAN Program, as well as the role of SCAN as a force for change of community attitudes.
Subject(s)
Child Abuse/prevention & control , Community Health Centers/organization & administration , Family Therapy , Child , Humans , Male , Patient Care Team , Pennsylvania , Professional-Family RelationsSubject(s)
Child Advocacy , Parent-Child Relations , Child Abuse , Child, Preschool , Female , Foster Home Care , Humans , Infant , Male , United StatesSubject(s)
Child Abuse , Legislation as Topic , Adoption , Child , Criminal Psychology , Epidemiologic Methods , Humans , Punishment , United StatesABSTRACT
Tests staged on rats demonstrated that scopolamine and arecoline raise the content of acetylcholine in the cerebral tissue, the said effect continuing also with simultaneous administration of these substances. Possible mechanisms of the revealed phenomenon are discussed.
