ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Asthma and respiratory symptoms are common in children, and many studies have shown associations between childhood symptoms and impaired lung function in adult life. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of various respiratory symptoms with wheezing patterns (persistent, early, and late-onset) and lung function, as well as to determine whether lung function was associated with atopy or with demographic, socioeconomic, environmental, and gestational factors, in a birth cohort at 6-7 years of age. METHODS: The target population consisted of children aged 6-7 years from a birth cohort of 5,304 children born in southern Brazil in 1993. For this follow-up evaluation, 532 of those children were randomly selected, and a sub-sample was submitted to spirometry and skin prick tests. A questionnaire was administered to the parent(s) or legal guardian(s) of each child. RESULTS: Spirometric values were lower in the children with respiratory symptoms or asthma. Mean forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity ratio (FEV1/FVC ratio) was lower in children with any of the following: current wheezing and asthma; asthma ever; four or more episodes of wheezing within the preceding 12 months; sleep disturbance due to wheezing; and exercise-induced wheezing. Persistent wheezing was associated with lower FEV1/FVC ratio. After multiple linear regression, exercise-induced wheezing was also associated with reduced FEV1/FVC ratio. Nonwhite skin color and wheezing severe enough to limit speech were associated with lower FEV1. CONCLUSIONS: Children with persistent wheezing and symptoms of severe asthma have impaired lung function at 6-7 years of age.
Subject(s)
Asthma/physiopathology , Hypersensitivity, Immediate/physiopathology , Lung/physiopathology , Respiratory Sounds/physiopathology , Asthma/diagnosis , Brazil , Child , Cohort Studies , Female , Forced Expiratory Volume , Humans , Hypersensitivity, Immediate/diagnosis , Infant, Newborn , Male , Respiratory Function Tests , Respiratory Sounds/diagnosis , Spirometry , Vital CapacityABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Asthma and respiratory symptoms are common in children, and many studies have shown associations between childhood symptoms and impaired lung function in adult life. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of various respiratory symptoms with wheezing patterns (persistent, early, and late-onset) and lung function, as well as to determine whether lung function was associated with atopy or with demographic, socioeconomic, environmental, and gestational factors, in a birth cohort at 6-7 years of age. METHODS: The target population consisted of children aged 6-7 years from a birth cohort of 5,304 children born in southern Brazil in 1993. For this follow-up evaluation, 532 of those children were randomly selected, and a sub-sample was submitted to spirometry and skin prick tests. A questionnaire was administered to the parent(s) or legal guardian(s) of each child. RESULTS: Spirometric values were lower in the children with respiratory symptoms or asthma. Mean forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity ratio (FEV1/FVC ratio) was lower in children with any of the following: current wheezing and asthma; asthma ever; four or more episodes of wheezing within the preceding 12 months; sleep disturbance due to wheezing; and exercise-induced wheezing. Persistent wheezing was associated with lower FEV1/FVC ratio. After multiple linear regression, exercise-induced wheezing was also associated with reduced FEV1/FVC ratio. Nonwhite skin color and wheezing severe enough to limit speech were associated with lower FEV1. CONCLUSIONS: Children with persistent wheezing and symptoms of severe asthma have impaired lung function at 6-7 years of age.
OBJETIVO: Asma e sintomas respiratórios são comuns na infância, e vários estudos têm demonstrado sua associação com redução da função pulmonar na vida adulta. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a associação de diversos sintomas respiratórios com padrões de sibilância (persistente, precoce e de início tardio) e função pulmonar aos 6-7 anos de idade em uma coorte de nascimentos, além de determinar se a função pulmonar estava associada à atopia ou a fatores demográficos, socioeconômicos, ambientais e gestacionais. MÉTODOS: A populaçãoalvo compreendeu crianças de 6 a 7 anos de idade pertencentes à coorte de 5.304 nascimentos ocorridos em 1993 em Pelotas, no Sul do Brasil. Para esse acompanhamento selecionaram-se aleatoriamente 532 dessas crianças, e uma subamostra foi submetida a espirometria e testes cutâneos de puntura. Aplicou-se um questionário aos pais das crianças ou seus responsáveis. RESULTADOS: Observamos valores espirométricos mais baixos nas crianças com sintomas respiratórios e asma. A média da relação volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo/capacidade vital forçada (relação VEF1/CVF) foi menor nas crianças com sibilância atual e asma, asma alguma vez na vida, quatro ou mais episódios de sibilância nos últimos 12 meses, sono perturbado pela sibilância e sibilância após exercícios. Sibilância persistente foi associada a redução da relação VEF1/CVF. Após regressão linear múltipla, sibilância após exercícios também foi associada a redução da relação VEF1/CVF. Cor da pele não-branca e fala prejudicada pela sibilância foram associadas a VEF1 reduzido. CONCLUSÕES: Crianças com sibilância persistente e sintomas de asma grave apresentaram função pulmonar prejudicada aos 6-7 anos de idade.
Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Asthma/physiopathology , Hypersensitivity, Immediate/physiopathology , Lung/physiopathology , Respiratory Sounds/physiopathology , Asthma/diagnosis , Brazil , Cohort Studies , Forced Expiratory Volume , Hypersensitivity, Immediate/diagnosis , Respiratory Function Tests , Respiratory Sounds/diagnosis , Spirometry , Vital CapacityABSTRACT
Asthma incidence and mortality rates have increased in recent years. The present cross-sectional survey aimed to measure asthma prevalence and risk factors in a random sample of 1,968 individuals (20-69 years of age) in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Overall prevalence of "current asthma symptoms" was 6%, varying according to diagnostic criteria. Associated risk factors in the crude analyses were: female gender, age 60-69 years, non-white skin color, low education, low family income, family history of atopy and asthma, personal history of atopic disease, smoking, low body mass index, and minor psychiatric disorders. In the multivariate analysis the following risk factors remained associated with "current asthma symptoms": mother and father with asthma history, minor psychiatric disorders, age 60-69 years, household income less than 1.01 minimum wage, history of atopic disease, and female gender. The results highlight the variation in asthma prevalence according to diagnostic criteria and confirm the importance of genetic, social, and lifestyle factors.
Subject(s)
Asthma/epidemiology , Adult , Age Distribution , Aged , Asthma/etiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Epidemiologic Methods , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Sex Distribution , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
A incidência e mortalidade por asma vêm aumentando em vários países do mundo. Com o objetivo de avaliar a prevalência e fatores de risco para a asma na população adulta de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, conduziu-se um estudo populacional e transversal, em amostra de 1.968 pessoas, dos 20 a 69 anos de idade. A prevalência de "sintomas atuais de asma" foi de 6 por cento, observando-se variação com diferentes critérios diagnósticos. Na análise bruta, os fatores de risco observados foram: sexo feminino, faixa etária dos 60 aos 69 anos, cor da pele não-branca, baixas escolaridade e renda familiar, história familiar de asma e atopia, atopia pessoal, tabagismo, índice de massa corporal baixo e distúrbios psiquiátricos menores. Na análise multivariada permaneceram os seguintes fatores de risco: história paterna e materna de asma, distúrbios psiquiátricos menores, idade de 60 a 69 anos, renda familiar inferior a 1,01 salário mínimo, atopia pessoal e sexo feminino. Os resultados salientam a variação na prevalência de asma com diferentes critérios diagnósticos, e que fatores genéticos, sociais e relacionados ao estilo de vida são relevantes na ocorrência da doença.
Asthma incidence and mortality rates have increased in recent years. The present cross-sectional survey aimed to measure asthma prevalence and risk factors in a random sample of 1,968 individuals (20-69 years of age) in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Overall prevalence of "current asthma symptoms" was 6 percent, varying according to diagnostic criteria. Associated risk factors in the crude analyses were: female gender, age 60-69 years, non-white skin color, low education, low family income, family history of atopy and asthma, personal history of atopic disease, smoking, low body mass index, and minor psychiatric disorders. In the multivariate analysis the following risk factors remained associated with "current asthma symptoms": mother and father with asthma history, minor psychiatric disorders, age 60-69 years, household income less than 1.01 minimum wage, history of atopic disease, and female gender. The results highlight the variation in asthma prevalence according to diagnostic criteria and confirm the importance of genetic, social, and lifestyle factors.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Adult Health , Asthma/epidemiology , Brazil , Prevalence , Retrospective Studies , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
The burden of COPD is quite high and its prevalence is increasing. Few data are available from Latin America. There is no consensus on what criteria should be the gold standard for the definition of this disease. A population-based study was carried out in a southern Brazilian city, including adults aged 40-69 years. The aim was to measure the prevalence of COPD according to several criteria. From the 1,046 subjects chosen from a multiple-stage sampling protocol, a sub-sample of 234 subjects was systematically selected to undergo spirometry. Percentages of COPD according to different criteria were: chronic bronchitis by questionnaire (7.8%); GOLD stage 0 (7.3%); fixed ratio (15.2%); GOLD stage II (9.9%); ERS (27.7%). The relationship among the three lung functional measurements showed that around 70% of all subjects had negative results with all three criteria, and around 10% were positive according to all three. Utilization of symptom-based or spirometry definitions of COPD provide different prevalence estimates. Use of different spirometric criteria also resulted in different percentages of COPD. According to spirometry, COPD was higher among men, elderly, those with low education and ex-smokers. On the other hand, current smokers were more likely to present symptoms of chronic bronchitis. The fixed ratio criterion is recommended when population-specific reference curves are not available, while the GOLD definition is recommended to evaluate severity of COPD.
Subject(s)
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , Adult , Aged , Brazil/epidemiology , Female , Forced Expiratory Volume/physiology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Prognosis , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/diagnosis , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/epidemiology , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/physiopathology , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Spirometry , Urban PopulationABSTRACT
O presente trabalho aborda um caso de hiperinfecçäo por Strongyloides stercoralis em um paciente idoso, com DPOC e Cor Pulmonale. Descrevem-se as manifestaçöes clínicas atuais, relacionadas à infecçäo respiratória aguda grave que segue curso inusitado, apontam-se aspectos diagnósticos e terapêuticos relevantes para o sucesso da intervençäo médica. É ressaltada a importância das informaçöes fornecidas pela radiologia, fibrobroncoscopia e microbiologia do lavado broncoalveolar, para a elucidaçäo diagnóstica. Enfatiza-se que, sendo uma doença curável, de terapêutica simples e pouco dispendiosa, näo haja retardo no início do tratamento pois, uma vez estabelecida, a hiperinfecçäo pelo S. Stercoralis apresenta alto risco de mortalidade
