ABSTRACT
ß-Adrenoceptor antagonists or ß-blockers are a cornerstone of therapy in chronic heart failure (CHF). Bucindolol hydrochloride is a fourth-generation ß-blocker in development for the treatment of CHF. Two trials have been conducted to evaluate its use in CHF, and a third is under way to investigate bucindolol for the reduction of cardiovascular mortality and cardiovascular hospitalizations in a genotype-defined heart failure population. This review aims to summarize the history, pharmacology and clinical trials of bucindolol.
Subject(s)
Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/therapeutic use , Heart Failure/drug therapy , Propanolamines/therapeutic use , Chronic Disease , Clinical Trials as Topic , Humans , Propanolamines/metabolism , Propanolamines/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Lactobacillus reuteri utilizes exogenously added glycerol as a hydrogen acceptor during carbohydrate fermentations, resulting in higher growth rates and cell yields than those obtained during growth on carbohydrates alone. Glycerol is first converted to 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde by a coenzyme B(12)-dependent glycerol dehydratase and then reduced to 1,3-propanediol by an NAD -dependent oxidoreductase. The latter enzyme was purified and determined to have a molecular weight of 180,000; it is predicted to exist as a tetramer of identical 42,000-molecular-weight subunits.
