Continuous Positive Airway Pressure vs. High Flow Nasal Cannula in children with acute severe or moderate bronchiolitis. A systematic review and Meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the safety and effectiveness of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) vs. High Flow Nasal Cannula (HFNC) to prevent therapeutic failure and the need of invasive ventilation in children with acute moderate-severe bronchiolitis. DESIGN: A systematic review and meta-analysis. SETTING: Medline, Embase, Lilacs, Cochrane and gray literature (May 2020) was performed. PARTICIPANTS: Randomized clinical trials patients with moderate to severe bronchiolitis. MAIN VARIABLES: Therapeutic failure, need for invasive ventilation, adverse events, length of PCCU and of hospital stay. INTERVENTION: The quality of the studies was assessed with the Cochrane risk and bias tool. We conducted meta-analysis using fixed effect model and random effects model. RESULTS: Three RCTs were included. Showed less risk of therapeutic failure with CPAP compared with HFNC (RR=0.7; 95%CI 0.5-0.99) developed hours later in patients with CPAP (MD=3.16; 95%CI 1.55-4.77). We did not find differences in other outcomes, such as need of invasive ventilation (RR=0.60; 95%CI 0.25-1.43), apnea (RR=0.40; 95%CI 0.08-1.99), or number of days in the intensive care unit (MD=0.02; 95%CI -0.38 to 0.42), and length of hospitalization (MD=-1.00; 95%IC -2.66 to 0.66). Adverse events (skin lesions) were more common with CPAP (RR 2.47; 95%CI 1.17-5.22). CONCLUSIONS: In moderate/severe bronchiolitis CPAP demonstrated a lower risk of therapeutic failure and a longer time to failure. But more adverse events like nasal injury. There were no differences in other variables.

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure vs. High Flow Nasal Cannula in children with acute severe or moderate bronchiolitis. A systematic review and Meta-analysis / Presión positiva continua en vía aérea (CPAP) vs. Cánula de alto flujo (CAF) en lactantes con bronquiolitis aguda moderada y grave. Revisión sistemática de la literatura y meta-análisis

Objective: To compare the safety and effectiveness of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) vs. High Flow Nasal Cannula (HFNC) to prevent therapeutic failure and the need of invasive ventilation in children with acute moderate-severe bronchiolitis.Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis.SettingMedline, Embase, Lilacs, Cochrane and gray literature (May 2020) was performed.ParticipantsRandomized clinical trials patients with moderate to severe bronchiolitis.Main variablesTherapeutic failure, need for invasive ventilation, adverse events, length of PCCU and of hospital stay.InterventionThe quality of the studies was assessed with the Cochrane risk and bias tool. We conducted meta-analysis using fixed effect model and random effects model.Results: Three RCTs were included. Showed less risk of therapeutic failure with CPAP compared with HFNC (RR=0.7; 95%CI 0.5–0.99) developed hours later in patients with CPAP (MD=3.16; 95%CI 1.55–4.77). We did not find differences in other outcomes, such as need of invasive ventilation (RR=0.60; 95%CI 0.25–1.43), apnea (RR=0.40; 95%CI 0.08–1.99), or number of days in the intensive care unit (MD=0.02; 95%CI −0.38 to 0.42), and length of hospitalization (MD=−1.00; 95%IC −2.66 to 0.66). Adverse events (skin lesions) were more common with CPAP (RR 2.47; 95%CI 1.17–5.22).Conclusion: sIn moderate/severe bronchiolitis CPAP demonstrated a lower risk of therapeutic failure and a longer time to failure. But more adverse events like nasal injury. There were no differences in other variables (AU)

Objetivo: Comparar la seguridad y la efectividad de la presión positiva continúa en la vía aérea (CPAP) y la cánula nasal de oxígeno de alto flujo (OAF) para prevenir el fracaso terapéutico y la necesidad de ventilación mecánica invasiva en niños con bronquiolitis aguda moderada y grave.Diseño: Revisión sistemática y metaanálisis.ÁmbitoBúsqueda en Medline, Embase, Lilacs, Cochrane y literatura gris (hasta mayo 2020).ParticipantesEnsayos clínicos aleatorizados en pacientes con bronquiolitis aguda moderada-grave.IntervencionesLa calidad de los estudios se evaluó utilizando la escala de riesgo de sesgos de Cochrane y se realizó un metaanálisis usando modelo de efectos fijos y de efectos aleatorios.VariablesFracaso terapéutico, necesidad de ventilación invasiva, eventos adversos, estancia en la UCIP y en hospitalización.Resultados: Tres estudios fueron incluidos. Evidenciamos menor riesgo de fracaso terapéutico en los pacientes con CPAP comparados con CAF (RR: 0,7; IC 95%: 0,5-0,99), y este se desarrolló más tarde en los pacientes con CPAP (MD: 3,16; IC 95%: 1,55-4,77). No hubo diferencias en otras variables, como la necesidad de ventilación invasiva (RR: 0,60; IC 95%: 0,25-1,43), apnea (RR: 0,40; IC 95%: 0,08-1,99), estancia en la UCIP (MD: 0,02; IC 95%: −0,38-0,42) y en hospitalización (MD: −1,00; IC 95%: −2,66-0,66). Los eventos adversos (lesiones en piel) fueron más comunes en CPAP (RR: 2,47; IC 95%: 1,17-5,22).Conclusiones: En bronquiolitis moderada y grave el CPAP demostró menor riesgo de fracaso terapéutico y una aparición más tardía, pero más eventos adversos (lesiones en piel). No encontramos diferencias en otras variables (AU)

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure vs. High Flow Nasal Cannula in children with acute severe or moderate bronchiolitis. A systematic review and Meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the safety and effectiveness of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) vs. High Flow Nasal Cannula (HFNC) to prevent therapeutic failure and the need of invasive ventilation in children with acute moderate-severe bronchiolitis. DESIGN: A systematic review and meta-analysis. SETTING: Medline, Embase, Lilacs, Cochrane and gray literature (May 2020) was performed. PARTICIPANTS: Randomized clinical trials patients with moderate to severe bronchiolitis. MAIN VARIABLES: Therapeutic failure, need for invasive ventilation, adverse events, length of PCCU and of hospital stay. INTERVENTION: The quality of the studies was assessed with the Cochrane risk and bias tool. We conducted meta-analysis using fixed effect model and random effects model. RESULTS: Three RCTs were included. Showed less risk of therapeutic failure with CPAP compared with HFNC (RR=0.7; 95%CI 0.5-0.99) developed hours later in patients with CPAP (MD=3.16; 95%CI 1.55-4.77). We did not find differences in other outcomes, such as need of invasive ventilation (RR=0.60; 95%CI 0.25-1.43), apnea (RR=0.40; 95%CI 0.08-1.99), or number of days in the intensive care unit (MD=0.02; 95%CI -0.38 to 0.42), and length of hospitalization (MD=-1.00; 95%IC -2.66 to 0.66). Adverse events (skin lesions) were more common with CPAP (RR 2.47; 95%CI 1.17-5.22). CONCLUSIONS: In moderate/severe bronchiolitis CPAP demonstrated a lower risk of therapeutic failure and a longer time to failure. But more adverse events like nasal injury. There were no differences in other variables.

Management of type 2 diabetes using non-insulin glucose-lowering therapies: a critical appraisal of clinical practice guidelines with the AGREE II instrument.

AIM: Type 2 diabetes is a major global epidemic affecting over 400 million people worldwide. The objective of this systematic review was to provide an overview of recommendations from clinical practice guidelines (guidelines) addressing non-insulin based pharmacological management of among non-pregnant adults in an outpatient setting, and critically appraise their methodological development. METHODS: We systematically searched MEDLINE and Embase databases, for relevant guidelines using the Ovid interface. We scanned the bibliographies of all eligible guidelines for additional relevant citations. Teams of two reviewers, independently and in duplicate, screened titles and abstracts and potentially eligible full text reports to determine eligibility and appraised the reporting quality of guidelines using the Advancing Guideline Development, Reporting and Evaluation in Health Care instrument II (AGREE II) instrument. RESULTS: Our search yielded 11264 unique citations, of which 124 were retrieved for full-text review; 17 guidelines proved eligible. The highest scoring AGREE domain was 'clarity of presentation' (66%; range 7-92%), followed by 'scope and purpose' (58%; range 25-92%), 'editorial independence' (55%; range 0-91%), 'stakeholder involvement' (45%; range 11-90%) and 'rigour of development' (43%; range 4-92%). The poorest domain was 'applicability' (37%; range 6-84%). The guidelines authored by the World Health Organization group achieved the highest AGREE overall score. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the guidelines provided recommendations with a local jurisdictional focus and showed significant variation in the quality. Nevertheless, only a small number of those scored well overall.

Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines: 2016 revision

BACKGROUND: Allergic rhinitis (AR) affects 10% to 40% of the population. It reduces quality of life and school and work performance and is a frequent reason for office visits in general practice. Medical costs are large, but avoidable costs associated with lost work productivity are even larger than those incurred by asthma. New evidence has accumulated since the last revision of the Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines in 2010, prompting its update. OBJECTIVE: We sought to provide a targeted update of the ARIA guidelines. METHODS: The ARIA guideline panel identified new clinical questions and selected questions requiring an update. We performed systematic reviews of health effects and the evidence about patients' values and preferences and resource requirements (up to June 2016). We followed the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) evidence-to-decision frameworks to develop recommendations. RESULTS: The 2016 revision of the ARIA guidelines provides both updated and new recommendations about the pharmacologic treatment of AR. Specifically, it addresses the relative merits of using oral H1-antihistamines, intranasal H1-antihistamines, intranasal corticosteroids, and leukotriene receptor antagonists either alone or in combination. The ARIA guideline panel provides specific recommendations for the choice of treatment and the rationale for the choice and discusses specific considerations that clinicians and patients might want to review to choose the management most appropriate for an individual patient. CONCLUSIONS: Appropriate treatment of AR might improve patients' quality of life and school and work productivity. ARIA recommendations support patients, their caregivers, and health care providers in choosing the optimal treatment.

Characterization of IS6110 insertions in the dnaA-dnaN intergenic region of Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates with identical IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns are considered to be clonally related. The presence of IS6110 in the dnaA-dnaN intergenic region, one preferential locus for the integration of IS6110, was evaluated in 125 M. tuberculosis isolates. Five isolates had IS6110 inserted in this region, and two consisted of a mix of isogenic strains that putatively have evolved during a single infection. Strains from the same isolate had identical spoligo and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable-number tandem repeat profiles, but had slight variations in IS6110 RFLP patterns, due to the presence of IS6110 in the dnaA-dnaN intergenic region. Duplication of the dnaA-dnaN intergenic region was found in one isogenic strain.

Use of biventricular circulatory support as bridge to simultaneous heart and kidney transplantation.

A 64-year-old man with dilated cardiomyopathy and chronic renal insufficiency (without dialysis) was admitted in cardiogenic shock urgently requiring a circulatory biventricular assist device (Thoratec). Twenty-nine days later we performed orthotopic cardiac and heterotopic renal transplantations with organs from the same donor. Postoperatively secondary renal insufficiency occurred due to rejection of the graft, bleeding ulcer with hypovolemic shock, and peritonitis due to Streptococcus faecalis and Candida. In the postoperative course only one rejection of the cardiac graft was detected. The patient was discharged after 4 months, resuming a normal life.

The specificity of induction of alpha-galactosidase from Saccharomyces carlsbergensis.

A number of sugars and derivatives have been tested for their ability to induce the synthesis of alpha-galactosidase from Saccharomyces carlsbergensis. Besides galactose and the substrates of the enzyme melibiose, raffinose and stachyose, D-galacturonic acid, L-arabinose, D-tagatose, methyl-alpha-D-galactoside, lactose and isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactoside were able to act as inducers. Of these, methyl-alpha-D-galactoside, lactose, isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactoside and L-arabinose have been shown to be gratuitous inducers with which kinetic studies of induction have been carried out. Lactose was the most efficient inducer, giving a maximal differential rate of synthesis of the enzyme of 110 mU/10(7) cells at a concentration of 180 mM, followed by L-arabinose (60 mU/10(7) cells at 40 mM), isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactoside (43 mU/10(7) cells at 60 mM) and methyl-alpha-D-galactoside (25 mU/10(7) cells at 150 mM). The concentration of inducer required to obtain half-maximal induction was similar for lactose, L-arabinose and isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactoside and about 5-fold higher for methyl-alpha-D-galactoside. The property of the compounds to act as inducers was compared to their ability to interact with the enzyme and the results discussed in terms of the molecular structures which are recognized by the enzyme and by the induction machinery.