Heterogeneity of dengue transmission in an endemic area of Colombia.

Population based serological surveys are the gold-standard to quantify dengue (DENV) transmission. The purpose of this study was to estimate the age-specific seroprevalence and the force of infection of DENV in an endemic area of Colombia. Between July and October 2014, we conducted a household based cross-sectional survey among 1.037 individuals aged 2 to 40 years living in 40 randomly selected locations in urban Piedecuesta, Santander, Colombia. In addition, we also enrolled 246 indviduals living in rural "veredas". Participants were asked to answer a questionnaire that included demographic, socioeconomic and environmental questions and to provide a 5 ml blood sample. Sera were tested using the IgG indirect ELISA (Panbio) kit to determine past DENV infection. The overall DENV seroprevalence was 70% (95% CI = 67%-71%), but was significantly higher in urban (81%, 95% CI = 78%-83%) as compared to rural (21%, 95% CI = 17%-27%) locations. Age was a major predictor of seropositivity, consistent with endemic circulation of the virus. Using catalytic models we estimated that on average, 12% (95%CI = 11%-13%) of susceptible individuals living in the city are infected by DENV each year. Beyond age, the only predictor of seropositivity in urban locations was prior history of dengue diagnosed by a physician (aPR 1.15, 95% CI = 0.98-1.35). Among participants living in rural settings, those that reported traveling outside of their vereda were more likely to be seropositive (aPR 3.60, 95%CI = 1.54-8.42) as well as those who were born outside of Santander department (aPR = 2.77, 95%CI = 1.20-6.37). These results are consistent with long term endemic circulation of DENV in Piedecuesta, with large heterogeneities between urban and rural areas located just a few kilometers apart. Design of DENV control interventions, including vaccination, will need to consider this fine scale spatial heterogeneity.

Validación de un formato para algunos diagnósticos de enfermería de interés en la familia / Validation of a format for some nursing diagnosis of interest in the family

Objetivo: determinar la validez de criterio de un formato de valoración de tamizaje para algunos diagnósticos de enfermería de interés en la familia. Métodos: el diseño utilizado fue la Evaluación de Tecnologías o Pruebas Diagnósticas. Fueron estudiadas 204 familias de la ciudad de Bucaramanga, Colombia. Entre septiembre y octubre de 2008 se realizó valoración de las familias, primero a través de un formato de valoración de tamizaje para sospechar la presencia de algunos diagnósticos de enfermería, seguido de, y aplicado independientemente, un formato de valoración focalizada para la confirmación de la presencia de los diagnósticos de enfermería aplicables a la familia. Con dichos formatos se evaluaron 10 etiquetas diagnósticas NANDA-I. Para determinar la validez del formato de tamizaje se calcularon las características psicométricas que indicaban su validez de criterio. Resultados: se obtuvo los altos valores operativos del formato de tamizaje, presentado en altas sensibilidades, especificidades, áreas bajo la curva, valores predictivos y likelihood ratio's. A partir de la valoración focalizada se obtuvo la prevalencia de los diagnósticos de enfermería evaluados en la familia, los más prevalentes fueron las conductas generadoras de salud, manejo inefectivo del régimen terapéutico familiar, y los menos frecuentes fueron conflicto del rol parental, riesgo de deterioro de la vinculación entre los padres y el lactante niño. Conclusiones: el instrumento de tamizaje resulto ser un instrumento válido para las etiquetas diagnósticas de NANDA-I incluidas en el presente estudio, alcanzando una buena validez de criterio(AU)

Objective: to determine the validity of criteria of a screening assessment format for some nursing diagnoses of interest in the family. Methods: the design used was Evaluation of Technologies or Diagnostic Tests. Two hundred and four families from Bucaramanga city in Colombia were studied. The assessment of families occurred from September to October, 2008. Firstly, a format of screening assessment was used to detect the presence of some nursing diagnoses, and then, a focalized assessment format for confirmation of nursing diagnoses applicable to the family was made. With these formats, ten diagnostic labels NANDA-1 were evaluated. The psychometric characteristics indicating criterion validity were estimated to determine the validity of the screening format. Results: high operational values of the screening format were achieved, in terms of high sensitivity, specificity, areas under the curve, predictive values and likelihood ratios. Based on focalized assessment, the most prevalent nursing diagnoses evaluated in the family were health-generating behaviors, ineffective management of family therapeutic regimes whereas the least frequent were conflicts with the parent role, risk of deterioration of the linking between parents and the breast-fed child. Conclusions: the screening instrument proved to be a valid instrument for the diagnostic labels of NANDA-1 included in the present study. The validity of criteria was good(AU)

Validación de un formato para algunos diagnósticos de enfermería de interés en la familia / Validation of a format for some nursing diagnosis of interest in the family

El objetivo fue determinar la validez de criterio de un formato de valoración de tamizaje para algunos diagnósticos de enfermería de interés en la familia. El diseño utilizado la Evaluación de Tecnologías o Pruebas Diagnósticas. Fueron estudiadas 204 familias de la ciudad de Bucaramanga, Colombia entre septiembre y octubre de 2008. Se realizó valoración de las familias, primero para sospechar la presencia de algunos diagnósticos de enfermería, seguido para la confirmación de la presencia de los diagnósticos de enfermería aplicables a la familia. Con dichos formatos se evaluaron 10 etiquetas diagnósticas NANDA-I. Para determinar la validez del formato de tamizaje se calcularon las características psicométricas que indicaban su validez de criterio. Como resultados principales se obtuvo la prevalencia de los diagnósticos de enfermería evaluados en la familia como conductas generadoras de salud, manejo inefectivo del régimen terapéutico familiar, y los menos frecuentes fueron conflicto del rol parental, riesgo de deterioro de la vinculación entre los padres y el lactante niño. El instrumento de tamizaje resulto ser un instrumento válido para las etiquetas diagnósticas de NANDA-I incluidas en el estudio. Se alcanzó una buena validez de criterio(AU)

The objective was to determine the validity of criteria about a screening assessment format for some nursing diagnoses of interest in the family setting. The design followed the Evaluation of Technologies or Diagnostic Tests model. Two hundred four families from Bucaramanga city, Colombia were studied from September to October, 2008. The families were firstly assessed to verify the presence of some nursing diagnoses and then to confirm those diagnoses applicable to the family. With these formats, 10 diagnostic labels NANDA-I were evaluated. With the objective of determining the validity of screening formats, the psychometric characteristics indicating the validity of criteria were estimated. The main results were the prevalence of nursing diagnoses evaluated in the family setting such as health-generating behaviors, ineffective management of the family therapeutic regime, whereas the less common ones were controversy about the parent's role, risk of deteriorated link between the parents and the breast-fed child. The screening instrument proved to be valid for NANDA-I diagnostic labels included in the study since good validity of criteria was achieved(AU)