Histopathological Confirmed Polycythemia Vera with Transformation to Myelofibrosis Depicted on [18F]FDG PET/CT.

We present a case of a 59-year-old male diagnosed with polycythemia vera (PV) for many years, who presented with a relatively abrupt onset of heavy constitutional symptoms, including fatigue, night sweats, and a 10% weight loss over 6 weeks. Despite the known initial diagnosis of PV, the presence of profound B-symptoms prompted further investigation. A positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scan with 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) was performed to exclude malignant diseases. The [18F]FDG PET/CT revealed intense metabolic activity in the bone marrow of the proximal extremities and trunk skeleton, as well as a massively enlarged spleen with increased metabolic activity. Histopathologically, a transformation to myelofibrosis was revealed on a bone marrow biopsy. The case intends to serve as an exemplification for [18F]FDG PET/CT in PV with transformation to myelofibrosis (post-PV myelofibrosis).

Autoantibody-Mediated Depletion of IL-1RA in Still's Disease and Potential Impact of IL-1 Targeting Therapies.

BACKGROUND: Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) and systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) resemble a continuum of a rare, polygenic IL-1ß-driven disease of unknown etiology. OBJECTIVE: In the present study we sought to investigate a potential role of recently described autoantibodies neutralizing the interleukin-1(IL-1)-receptor antagonist (IL-1-Ra) in the pathogenesis of Still's disease. METHODS: Serum or plasma samples from Still's disease patients (AOSD, n = 23; sJIA, n = 40) and autoimmune and/or inflammatory disease controls (n = 478) were analyzed for autoantibodies against progranulin (PGRN), IL-1Ra, IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP), and IL-36Ra, as well as circulating IL-1Ra and IL-36Ra levels by ELISA. Biochemical analyses of plasma IL-1Ra were performed by native Western blots and isoelectric focusing. Functional activity of the autoantibodies was examined by an in vitro IL-1ß-signaling reporter assay. RESULTS: Anti-IL-1-Ra IgG were identified in 7 (27%) out of 29 Still's disease patients, including 4/23 with AOSD and 3/6 with sJIA and coincided with a hyperphosphorylated isoform of endogenous IL-1Ra. Anti-IL-36Ra antibodies were found in 2 AOSD patients. No anti-PGRN or anti-IL-18BP antibodies were detected. Selective testing for anti-IL-1Ra antibodies in an independent cohort (sJIA, n = 34) identified 5 of 34 (14.7%) as seropositive. Collectively, 8/12 antibody-positive Still's disease patients were either new-onset active disease or unresponsive to IL-1 blocking drugs. Autoantibody-seropositivity associated with decreased IL-1Ra plasma/serum levels. Seropositive plasma impaired in vitro IL-1Ra bioactivity, which could be reversed by anakinra or canakinumab treatment. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies neutralizing IL-1Ra may represent a novel patho-mechanism in a subgroup of Still's disease patients, which is sensitive to high-dose IL-1 blocking therapy.

Significant reduced loss of bone mineral density after four vs. six cycles of R-CHOP: an analysis of the FLYER-trial.

Patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) treated with the R-CHOP regime receive a high cumulative dose of prednisone. We used computer tomography-ascertained Hounsfield units (HU) as a surrogate parameter for bone mineral density (BMD) in three different locations of the L3 vertebral body at baseline and post-treatment. HU were measured in 50 patients with DLBCL of the previously published FLYER-trial which compared four cycles of R-CHOP + 2 × rituximab infusion to six cycles of R-CHOP in young, favorable DLBCL patients. In total, median loss was 26.8 HU in all patients over time. The median HU loss was significantly lower in the four cycles arm (21.3 HU vs. 41.3 HU, p = 0.023). In conclusion, young patients with DLBCL receiving R-CHOP have significant HU/BMD loss under treatment with R-CHOP. Patients receiving four cycles of R-CHOP had less HU/BMD loss than patients receiving six cycles.