The current practice of social work in pain management: a scoping review on chronic disease.

While social workers have the capacity and scope of practice to make a significant contribution to pain management, little is understood about how they enact these roles. The initial goal of this scoping review was to examine the role of social work in pain management specifically in bleeding disorder care. Due to lack of published data on this topic, the review goal was broadened to chronic disease. Two electronic databases were searched providing a total of 13 published articles meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Instrumental services, clinical services, and assessments were identified as primary roles of social workers, while advocacy, policy development, education, and skill development require further exploration in the literature.

A Systematic Review of the Relationship between Child Sexual Abuse and Substance Use Issues.

Child sexual abuse (CSA) and substance use issues later in life have been well documented in the literature. This systematic review from 2009 to 2019 provides an update on what is known about the relationship between CSA and substance use. While the review confirms a clear relationship between CSA and substance use, it also highlights some potential gaps in our current practices, including an acknowledgment of the other risk factors associated with CSA and substance use issues, as well as the need to develop treatment that specifically screens for and addresses CSA in the context of substance use.

"As Time Went On, I Just Forgot About It": Thematic Analysis of Spontaneous Disclosures of Recovered Memories of Childhood Sexual Abuse.

This study was a thematic analysis of transcripts of interviews of child sexual abuse survivors discussing their experiences of recovered memories. This study included 27 English-speaking participants from 3 major Canadian cities: Montreal, Toronto, and Ottawa. Seven participants identified as male and 20 as female. Participants ranged in age from 31 to 69 with a mean age of 47. The educational background of participants ranged from 9th grade to doctoral levels. Out of the sample of 27, 21 participants reported some period of amnesia for their CSA experiences. Three primary global themes emerged in the transcripts of participants describing adult emergent recovered memories: flashbacks, triggers, and denial. Three global themes emerged in the transcripts of participants describing partially discontinuous memories: dreams/nightmares as the "how" of memory recovery, triggers, and active processes of forgetting.

Premature infant swallowing: patterns of tongue-soft palate coordination based upon videofluoroscopy.

Coordination between movements of individual tongue points, and between soft palate elevation and tongue movements, were examined in 12 prematurely born infants referred from hospital NICUs for videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS) due to poor oral feeding and suspicion of aspiration. Detailed post-evaluation kinematic analysis was conducted by digitizing images of a lateral view of digitally superimposed points on the tongue and soft palate. The primary measure of coordination was continuous relative phase of the time series created by movements of points on the tongue and soft palate over successive frames. Three points on the tongue (anterior, medial, and posterior) were organized around a stable in-phase pattern, with a phase lag that implied an anterior to posterior direction of motion. Coordination between a tongue point and a point on the soft palate during lowering and elevation was close to anti-phase at initiation of the pharyngeal swallow. These findings suggest that anti-phase coordination between tongue and soft palate may reflect the process by which the tongue is timed to pump liquid by moving it into an enclosed space, compressing it, and allowing it to leave by a specific route through the pharynx.

Evidence-based interventions for breast and bottle feeding in the neonatal intensive care unit.

Breast and bottle-feeding are areas of concern in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The clinical issues encompass the typically developing preterm infant, who requires special supports to develop the skills needed for successful oral feeding, and the preterm and term infants with dysphagia, who, when able, require specialized assessment and treatment strategies to facilitate the maturation of sucking behaviors and transition to oral feeding. Research is increasingly addressing the development from non-nutritive to nutritive sucking, maturation of typical and atypical nutritive sucking in young infants, as well as assessment strategies and treatment supports for emerging sucking and remediation of feeding or swallowing problems. There continue to be gaps in the available information. These gaps are filled by expert opinion and clinical experience. However, an increase of clinically relevant, databased information is promising. The primary goals of treatment in this population are to facilitate transition from tube to oral feeding and advance sucking skills sufficiently to support needs for nutrition and hydration as the infant grows. The purpose of this article is to review the recent research that has provided an evidence base for clinical practice. The discussion includes research and practice for the use of clinical and instrumental assessments, and for therapeutic interventions selected to prepare the infant for nipple feeding and to support the infant and improve sucking competencies during oral feeding.

Isolated neonatal swallowing dysfunction: a case series and review of the literature.

Our purpose was to describe the natural history of isolated neonatal swallowing dysfunction (INSD). Nine infants with INSD are described. Eight presented within two weeks of birth. Symptoms included choking and cyanotic spells with feeds, recurrent aspiration, apnea, stridor, and vomiting. Three had nonspecific neurological abnormalities and were diagnosed later in life with underlying disorders (myotonic dystrophy, CHARGE association, velocardiofacial syndrome). All required tube feeding. Six tolerated nasogastric feedings and received a gastrostomy tube. Three failed nasogastric feeds and required jejunal feedings. The gastrostomy tube was removed in 7/9 at a mean age of 37 +/- 9 months. In conclusion, INSD has a good long-term prognosis. The presence of minor neurological abnormalities at presentation suggests another underlying disorder. Nasogastric feeding followed by a gastrostomy is recommended in those without gastroesophageal reflux. Jejunal feedings are necessary in some. While most improve over time, they may need nutritional support for 3 years or more.