ABSTRACT
A COVID-19 se manifesta principalmente como uma infecção do trato respiratório. Entretanto, uma enorme quantidade de estudos mostra características de uma enfermidade sistêmica com repercussões nos sistemas cardiovascular, respiratório, gastrointestinal, neurológico, hematopoiético e imunológico. Os estudos realizados em vários centros de pesquisa na China, Europa e nos Estados Unidos indicam que os resultados laboratoriais podem fornecer à equipe clínica muitos marcadores prognósticos de grande utilidade. O impacto no sistema hematopoiético e na hemostasia é evidenciado por alterações importantes na quantidade de linfócitos, granulócitos e plaquetas além de alterações no processo de coagulação. Estes parâmetros podem ser monitorados e têm efeito prognóstico na evolução da doença podendo ajudar a identificar pacientes que necessitem de cuidados intensivos. Em resumo, a COVID-19 apresenta alterações importantes do sistema hematopoiético estando frequentemente associada a um estado de hipercoagulabilidade. A avaliação cuidadosa dos índices laboratoriais no início da doença e durante a evolução podem ajudar o corpo clínico a formular uma abordagem de tratamento adaptada à situação além de permitir atenção especial àqueles pacientes que apresentam maior necessidade.
COVID-19 manifests itself mainly as an infection of the respiratory tract. However, a huge number of studies show characteristics of a systemic disease with repercussions on the cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, neurological, hematopoietic and immunological systems. Studies carried out in various research centers in China, Europe and the United States indicate that laboratory results can provide the clinical team with many useful prognostic markers. The impact on the hematopoietic system and hemostasis is evidenced by important changes in the amount of lymphocytes, granulocytes and platelets, in addition to changes in the coagulation process. These parameters can be monitored and have a prognostic effect on the evolution of the disease and can help to identify patients who need intensive care. In summary, COVID-19 presents important changes in the hematopoietic system and is frequently associated with a state of hypercoagulability. Careful assessment of laboratory indexes at the onset of the disease and during evolution can help the clinical staff to formulate a treatment approach adapted to the situation, in addition to allowing special attention to those most severe patients.
Subject(s)
Thrombocytopenia , Blood Cell Count , Blood Coagulation , Coronavirus Infections , Coronavirus , Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome , Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation , Betacoronavirus , Leukopenia , NeutrophilsABSTRACT
Dietary iron requirements in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) remain unclear. SCD is a neglected hemoglobinopathy characterized by intense erythropoietic activity and anemia. Hepcidin is the hormone mainly responsible for iron homeostasis and intestinal absorption. Intense erythropoietic activity and anemia may reduce hepcidin transcription. By contrast, iron overload and inflammation may induce it. Studies on SCD have not evaluated the role of hepcidin in the presence and absence of iron overload. We aimed to compare serum hepcidin concentrations among individuals with sickle cell anemia, with or without iron overload, and those without the disease. Markers of iron metabolism and erythropoietic activity such as hepcidin, ferritin, and growth differentiation factor 15 were evaluated. Three groups participated in the study: the control group, comprised of individuals without SCD (C); those with the disease but without iron overload (SCDw); and those with the disease and iron overload (SCDio). Results showed that hepcidin concentration was higher in the SCDio > C > SCDw group. These data suggest that the dietary iron intake of the SCDio group should not be reduced as higher hepcidin concentrations may reduce the intestinal absorption of iron.
Subject(s)
Anemia, Sickle Cell/blood , Hepcidins/blood , Iron, Dietary/administration & dosage , Iron/administration & dosage , Adolescent , Adult , Biomarkers , Case-Control Studies , Female , Humans , Intestinal Absorption/physiology , Iron/metabolism , Iron Overload , Male , Middle Aged , Recommended Dietary Allowances , Young AdultABSTRACT
The External Quality Assessment (EQA) in Brazil is performed by the National Health Ministry for diseases that are under supervision of Public Health Department. In addition to the government program, the Brazilian Society of Clinical Analysis and the Brazilian Society of Medical Pathology are allowed to provide their programs under the Supervision of National Agency for Sanitary Surveillance (ANVISA) that regulates laboratories to perform EQA programs.
