ABSTRACT
With the spread of new variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), there is a need to assess the protection conferred by both previous infections and current vaccination. Here we tested the neutralizing activity of infected and/or vaccinated individuals against pseudoviruses expressing the spike of the original SARS-CoV-2 isolate Wuhan-Hu-1 (WH1), the D614G mutant and the B.1.1.7 variant. Our data show that parameters of natural infection (time from infection and nature of the infecting variant) determined cross-neutralization. Uninfected vaccinees showed a small reduction in neutralization against the B.1.1.7 variant compared to both the WH1 strain and the D614G mutant. Interestingly, upon vaccination, previously infected individuals developed more robust neutralizing responses against B.1.1.7, suggesting that vaccines can boost the neutralization breadth conferred by natural infection.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood , COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology , COVID-19/immunology , Neutralization Tests/statistics & numerical data , SARS-CoV-2/immunology , Vaccination/statistics & numerical data , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Antibodies, Viral/immunology , COVID-19/blood , COVID-19 Serological Testing/statistics & numerical data , COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage , Cross Reactions/immunology , Female , Humans , Immunity, Humoral , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , SARS-CoV-2/geneticsSubject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Psoas Abscess/microbiology , Bronchoscopy , Smoking/adverse effects , Alcoholism/complications , Dyspnea/etiologySubject(s)
Actinomyces/isolation & purification , Actinomycosis/diagnostic imaging , Lung Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Psoas Abscess/etiology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Actinomycosis/epidemiology , Actinomycosis/etiology , Aged , Alcoholism/complications , Disease Susceptibility , Humans , Lung Diseases/complications , Lung Diseases/microbiology , Male , Psoas Abscess/diagnostic imaging , Psoas Abscess/epidemiology , Psoas Abscess/microbiology , Risk Factors , SmokingABSTRACT
Pulmonary histoplasmosis is a rare disease in Spain. Moreover, it is difficult to diagnose due to unspecific clinical and radiological symptoms. The isolation of the fungus is essential for a proper diagnosis. Nevertheless, it is very difficult to identify the fungus itself in respiratory stains and we usually need invasive techniques. For all these reasons and taking into account the increase in journeys and immigration, we believe that it is probably underdiagnosed in our country. We report a case of acute pulmonary histoplasmosis in a Spanish traveller and emphasize the importance of the anamnesis and the value of the microbiologist's experience to obtain the diagnosis.
