ABSTRACT
An elegant, efficient, and highly regioselective approach for the synthesis of novel methyl 5-amino-3-(methylthio)-1-differently substituted-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylates is reported. The procedure involves the cyclocondensation of α-oxeketene S, S-dimethyl acetal building blocks with different alkyl, aryl, and heterocyclic acid hydrazides. The novel molecules were obtained in good yields and their identities confirmed by NMR and HRMS spectrometry.
Subject(s)
Acetals/chemistry , Ethylenes/chemistry , Hydrazines/chemistry , Ketones/chemistry , Nitrogen/chemistry , Pyrazoles/chemistry , Pyrazoles/chemical synthesis , Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic , StereoisomerismABSTRACT
In this study, the interaction between soy isoflavone genistein and asolectin liposomes was investigated by monitoring the effects of isoflavone on lipidic hydration, mobility, location and order. These properties were analyzed by the following techniques: horizontal attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (HATR-FTIR), low-field (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), high-field (31)P NMR, zeta potential, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and UV-vis spectroscopy. The antioxidant and antitumoral activities of the genistein liposomal system were also studied. The genistein saturation concentration in ASO liposomes corresponded to 484 µM. HATR-FTIR results indicated that genistein influences the dynamics of the lipidic phosphate, choline, carbonyl and acyl chain methylenes groups. At the lipid polar head, HATR-FTIR and (31)P NMR results showed that the isoflavone reduces the hydration degree of the phosphate group, as well as its mobility. Genistein ordered the lipid interfacial carbonyl group, as evidenced by the HATR-FTIR bandwidth analysis. This ordering effect was also observed in the lipidic hydrophobic region, by HATR-FTIR, NMR, DSC and turbidity responses. At the saturation concentration, liposome-loaded genistein inhibits the lipid peroxidation induced by hydroxyl radical in 90.9%. ASO liposome-loaded genistein at 100 µM decreased C6 glioma cell viability by 57% after 72 h of treatment. Results showed an increase of the genistein in vitro activities after its incorporation in liposomes. The data described in this work will contribute to a better understanding of the interaction between genistein and a natural-source membrane and of its influence on isoflavone biological activities. Furthermore, the antitumoral results showed that genistein-based liposomes, which contain natural-sourced lipids, may be promising as a drug delivery system to be used in the glioma therapy.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Genistein/pharmacology , Liposomes/chemistry , Phosphatidylcholines/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage , Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Antioxidants/administration & dosage , Antioxidants/chemistry , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Survival/drug effects , Genistein/administration & dosage , Genistein/chemistry , Glioma/drug therapy , Humans , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Magnetic Resonance SpectroscopyABSTRACT
This work describes the ultrasound-assisted regeneration of aldehydes from oximes in ethanol and phosphoric acid as mediator of the reaction. The large scale regeneration of benzaldehyde was shown under similar conditions. The products were isolated in good yields after short reaction times under mild conditions.
Subject(s)
Aldehydes/chemistry , Oximes/chemistry , Ultrasonics , Catalysis , Ethanol/chemistry , Phosphoric Acids/chemistryABSTRACT
Knots are an unusual complication of catheterization procedures but have been reported in a variety of circumstances. Refractory constipation and colonic dysmotility disorders can be treated with a surgically created appendicostomy that is typically catheterized nightly to administer an antegrade colonic enema. We report a case of a catheter that formed a knot and became lodged in an appendicostomy. We describe the method used to remove the knot and make a recommendation to prevent this complication.
Subject(s)
Appendix/surgery , Catheters , Foreign Bodies/therapy , Ostomy , Catheterization , Child , Constipation/surgery , Constipation/therapy , Device Removal , Enema/instrumentation , Enema/methods , Equipment Failure , Female , Foreign Bodies/diagnosis , HumansABSTRACT
A rapid and cleaner procedure for the synthesis of a series of 2-(3,5-diaryl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-4-phenylthiazoles under ultrasonic irradiation in ethanol is described.
Subject(s)
Thiazoles/chemical synthesis , Ultrasonics , Ethanol/chemistry , Thiazoles/chemistryABSTRACT
An ultrasound-enhanced method has been developed for the synthesis of a variety of thioesters from benzoyl chlorides and 2-mercaptobenzoxa(thia)zoles. Applying this methodology, 14 compounds were synthesized in excellent yields.
ABSTRACT
An ultrasound-assisted preparation of a series of novel 3,5-diaryl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carboximidamides that proceeds via the efficient reaction of chalcones with aminoguanidine hydrochloride under clean conditions is described.
Subject(s)
Amides/chemical synthesis , Amides/radiation effects , Chalcones/chemistry , Chalcones/radiation effects , Guanidines/chemistry , Guanidines/radiation effects , Sonication/methods , Radiation DosageABSTRACT
An efficient and green synthesis of thiocarbamoyl-3,5-diaryl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazoles via the condensation of chalcones with thiosemicarbazide in ethanol and KOH under ultrasound irradiation is reported. The products were isolated in good yields after short reaction times.
Subject(s)
Green Chemistry Technology/methods , Pyrazoles/chemical synthesis , Ultrasonics , Catalysis , Ethanol/chemistry , Pyrazoles/chemistry , Solvents/chemistry , SonicationABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: In chronically ill children who refuse to eat, surgery to correct anatomic problems and behavioral treatments to overcome oral aversion often succeed. A few patients fail with standard treatments. The aims of the study were to: 1) investigate motility and gastric sensory abnormalities and 2) describe treatment that was individualized based on pathophysiology in children who failed surgery and behavioral treatments. METHODS: We studied 14 patients (age 1.5-6; mean 2.5; M/F: 7/7). All had a lifelong history of food aversion and retching or vomiting persisting after feeding therapy and fundoplication. All were fed through gastrostomy or gastro-jejunostomy tubes. We studied esophageal and antroduodenal manometry, and gastric volume threshold for retching. We identified when gastric antral contractions were associated with retching and pain. A multidisciplinary treatment program included a variable combination of continuous post-pyloric feedings, drugs to decrease visceral pain, drugs for motility disorders, and behavioral, cognitive, and family therapy. We interviewed parents 2-6 months following testing to evaluate symptoms, mode of feeding and emotional health. RESULTS: We found a motility disorder alone in 2, decreased threshold for retching alone in 5 and both motility and sensory abnormalities in 7. After treatment, 6 of 14 (43%) began eating orally and 80% had improved emotional health. Retching decreased from 15 episodes per day to an average of 1.4 per day (p <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Upper gastrointestinal motor and/or sensory disorders contributed to reduced quality of life for a majority of children and families with persistent feeding problems. A multidisciplinary approach improved symptoms and problems in these children
