Subject(s)
Tuberculosis , Child , Humans , Spain , Tuberculosis/drug therapy , Antitubercular AgentsABSTRACT
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the opinion of hospital nurses on a group of recommendations aimed at reducing low-value nursing care and, based on these results, to detect low-value practices probably existing in the hospital. BACKGROUND: Low-value nursing care refers to clinical practices with poor or no benefit for patients that may be harmful and a waste of resources. Detecting these practices and understanding nurses' perceptions are essential to developing effective interventions to reduce them. METHODS: We conducted a survey in a tertiary hospital. STROBE guidelines were followed. The questionnaire appraised nurses' agreement, subjective adherence and perception of usefulness of a group of recommendations to reduce low-value nursing care from Choosing Wisely and other initiatives. Practices described in recommendations with an agreement over 70% and a subjective adherence under 70% were categorised as low-value practices probably existing in the hospital. RESULTS: A total of 265 nurses from eight areas of care participated in the survey. The response rate by area ranged between 2%-55%. From the 38 recommendations evaluated, agreement was 96% (95% confidence interval [95%CI], 95%-97%), median subjective adherence was 80% (95%CI, 80%-85%), and usefulness was 90% (95%CI, 89%-92%). Based on these results, we detected seven (0-15) low-value practices probably existing in our hospital, mostly on general practice, pregnancy care and wound care. CONCLUSIONS: We found a great understanding of low-value care between nurses, given the high agreement to recommendations and perception of usefulness. However, several low-value practices may be present in nursing care, requiring actions to reduce them, for instance, reviewing institutional protocols and involving patients in de-implementation. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Hospitals and other settings should be aware of low-value practices and take actions to identify and reduce them. A survey may be a simple and helpful way to start this process.
Subject(s)
Nursing Staff, Hospital/standards , Cross-Sectional Studies , Delivery of Health Care/standards , Humans , Nursing Process/standards , Practice Patterns, Nurses'/standards , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Resumen: La sepsis representa una crisis de salud global, pues de 27 a 30 millones de personas al año la desarrollan, mientras que siete a nueve millones fallecen y una persona muere cada 3.5 segundos. El retraso en el inicio de tratamiento impacta de manera directa en la mortalidad y uso de recursos. La implementación de equipos de respuesta rápida (ERR) constituye una oportunidad para la detección y tratamiento adecuado. Existen varias herramientas para la activación de un ERR y un código sepsis, dentro de las más destacadas se encuentran quick SOFA, SIRS, CARS, MEWS y NEWS que constituyen escalas de gravedad para permitir la detección de sepsis con base en criterios; aunque es importante mencionar que la escala NEWS ha demostrado superioridad. Los resultados de distintos estudios realizados tras la implementación de código sepsis reportan un impacto positivo en el inicio temprano de antibióticos y cumplimiento de metas, así como en mortalidad. Un área de oportunidad para mejorar la eficacia del ERR está en la activación mediante dispositivos automatizados. Lo anterior consolida y fortalece una cultura de seguridad en el paciente hospitalizado.
Abstract: Sepsis represents a global health crisis: 27 to 30 million people a year develop it, seven to nine million die, one person dies every 3.5 seconds. The delay in the initiation of treatment has a direct impact on mortality and the use of resources. The implementation of Rapid Response Teams (RRT) constitutes a window of opportunity for the detection and timely treatment. There are several tools for activating an RRT and a sepsis code. Among the most important are quick SOFA, SIRS, CARS, MEWS and NEWS that constitute severity scales that allow the detection of sepsis based on criteria. The NEWS scale has shown superiority. The results of different studies conducted after the implementation of sepsis code report a positive impact on early initiation of antibiotics and compliance with goals, as well as mortality. One area of opportunity to improve the effectiveness of the RRT is the activation by automated devices. Sepsis code an RRT consolidates and strengthens the culture of safety in the hospitalized patient.
Resumo: A sepse representa uma crise global de saúde: 27 a 30 milhões de pessoas por ano desenvolvem-a, 7 a 9 milhões morrem, 1 pessoa morre a cada 3.5 segundos. O atraso no início do tratamento tem um impacto direto na mortalidade e no uso de recursos. A implementação de Equipes de Resposta Rápida (ERR) constitui uma janela de oportunidade para a detecção e tratamento oportuno. Existem várias ferramentas para ativar um ERR e um código de sepse. Entre os mais importantes estão o quick SOFA, SIRS, CARS, MEWS e NEWS que constituem escalas de gravidade que permitem a detecção de sepse baseada em critérios. A escala NEWS mostrou superioridade. Os resultados de diferentes estudos realizados após a implementação do código de sepse relatam um impacto positivo no início precoce dos antibióticos e no cumprimento dos objetivos, bem como na mortalidade. Uma área de oportunidade para melhorar a eficácia do ERR é a ativação através de dispositivos automatizados. O anterior consolida e fortalece a cultura de segurança no paciente hospitalizado.
ABSTRACT
La base de datos MEDES, MEDicina en ESpañol, se ha convertido en un referente, no solo para los profesionales de la salud, sino también para otros colectivos profesionales como los traductores científicos, los redactores de textos médicos, etc., de ahí que el número de visitantes haya crecido de manera importante en los últimos años. El incremento de usuarios también se debe a lo atractivo de sus contenidos, que se actualizan con la incorporación diaria de nuevas referencias bibliográficas pertenecientes a 96 revistas de gran calidad científica publicadas en español, tanto en España como en Hispanoamérica. Contenidos de calidad actualizados y modernización tecnológica son los pilares de esta base de datos. Recientemente, MEDES se ha adaptado a dispositivos móviles, lo cual contribuirá a una mayor difusión de las publicaciones médicas en español, propósito
MEDES database, MEDicina en ESpañol, has become a reference not only for health professionals, but also for other professional groups such as scientific translators, medical writers, etc., hence the number of visitors has grown significantly in recent years. The increase in users is also due to the attractiveness of its contents, which are updated daily with new bibliographical references belonging to 96 magazines of high scientific quality, published in Spanish; both in Spain and in Hispano-America. Quality content, updating and technological modernization are the pillars of this database. Recently MEDES has adapted to mobile devices, which will contribute to a greater dissemination of the medical publications in Spanish; main purpose of this initiative
Subject(s)
Humans , Databases, Bibliographic/statistics & numerical data , Periodicals as Topic/statistics & numerical data , Scholarly Communication/statistics & numerical data , Portals for Scientific Journals , LanguageABSTRACT
The development of a patient-centered approach to medicine is gradually allowing more patients to be involved in their own medical decisions. However, this change is not happening at the same rate in clinical research, where research generally continues to be carried out on patients, but not with patients. This work describes the why, when, and how of more active patient participation in the research process. Specific measures are proposed to improve patient involvement in 1) setting priorities, 2) study leadership and design, 3) improved access to clinical trials, 4) preparation and oversight of the information provided to participants, 5) post-study evaluation of the patient experience, and 6) the dissemination and application of results. In order to achieve these aims, the relative emphases on the ethical principles underlying research need to be changed. The current model based on the principle of beneficence must be left behind, and one that upholds the ethical principles of autonomy and non maleficence should be embraced. There is a need to improve the level of information that patients and society as a whole have on research objectives and processes; the goal is to promote the gradual emergence of the expert patient.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Determine the protective effect of oil Helianthus annuus (Sunflower) on myocardial infarction induced by epinephrine in New Zealand rabbits. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The rabbits were randomized into five groups (8 per group): blank, negative control, experimental 1 (10 mg / kg), experimental 2 (20 mg / kg) and three experimental (40 mg/ kg). Experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 received Helianthus annuus oil for two weeks. Epinephrine (2 mg/Kg) to the negative, Experimental Control 1, 2 and 3 groups was given over two consecutive days with an interval of 24 h after pretreatment with oil. Twenty four hours after the last administration, the rabbits were anesthetized and sacrificed. Serum troponin I and polymorphonuclear evaluated by .mu.m.sup.2. RESULTS: Significant difference between the negative control group and the experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 was found in the serum variables troponin I and polymorphonuclear by .mu.m.sup.2. CONCLUSIONS: Helianthus annuus oil at doses of 20 mg/kg has protective effect on myocardial infarction induced by epinephrine in New Zealand rabbits.
Subject(s)
Helianthus , Myocardial Infarction/prevention & control , Phytotherapy , Plant Oils/therapeutic use , Seeds , Animals , Male , Rabbits , Random AllocationABSTRACT
Objetivos. Determinar el efecto protector del aceite de Helianthus annuus (Girasol) sobre el infarto de miocardio inducido con epinefrina en conejos Nueva Zelanda. Materiales y métodos. Los conejos fueron asignados aleatoriamente en cinco grupos (n= 8 por grupo): blanco, control negativo, experimental 1 (10 mg/kg), experimental 2 (20 mg/kg) y experimental 3 (40 mg/kg). Los grupos experimentales 1, 2 y 3 recibieron aceite de Helianthus annuus durante dos semanas. La epinefrina (2 mg/Kg) se administró a los grupos control negativo, experimentales 1, 2 y 3 durante dos días consecutivos con un intervalo de 24 h después del pretratamiento con aceite. Veinticuatro horas después de la última administración, los conejos fueron anestesiados y sacrificados. Se evaluaron los niveles séricos de troponina I y número de polimorfonucleares por um2. Resultados. Se encontró diferencia significativa entre el grupo control negativo y los grupos experimentales 1, 2 y 3 en los variables niveles séricos de troponina I y número de polimorfonucleares por um2 . Conclusiones: El aceite de Helianthus annuus a dosis de 20 mg/kg tiene efecto protector sobre el infarto de miocardio inducido con epinefrina en conejos Nueva Zelanda.
Objectives. Determine the protective effect of oil Helianthus annuus (Sunflower) on myocardial infarction induced by epinephrine in New Zealand rabbits. Materials and methods. The rabbits were randomized into five groups (8 per group): blank, negative control, experimental 1 (10 mg / kg), experimental 2 (20 mg / kg) and three experimental (40 mg/ kg). Experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 received Helianthus annuus oil for two weeks. Epinephrine (2 mg/Kg) to the negative, Experimental Control 1, 2 and 3 groups was given over two consecutive days with an interval of 24 h after pretreatment with oil. Twenty four hours after the last administration, the rabbits were anesthetized and sacrificed. Serum troponin I and polymorphonuclear evaluated by .mu.m.sup.2. Results. Significant difference between the negative control group and the experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 was found in the serum variables troponin I and polymorphonuclear by .mu.m.sup.2. Conclusions. Helianthus annuus oil at doses of 20 mg/kg has protective effect on myocardial infarction induced by epinephrine in New Zealand rabbits.
Subject(s)
Male , Animals , Rabbits , Epinephrine , Helianthus , Myocardial Infarction , PeruABSTRACT
Introducción: La evaluación de la calidad de vida es un factor importante en el control y manejo del paciente con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica. El cuestionario respiratorio Saint George fue creado para evaluar la calidad de vida en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica y asma, mostrando ser un instrumento útil, válido y confiable en otros países. Objetivo: Determinar la reproducibilidad del cuestionario respiratorio Saint George versión en español en pacientes mexicanos con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica. Material y métodos: En 29 pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica se probó la confiabilidad del cuestionario respiratorio Saint George versión al español, el cual se aplicó 2 veces por el mismo observador con un tiempo de diferencia de 24 hrs y por otro observador con intervalo de tiempo de 4 horas. A todos los pacientes se les realizó espirometría, gasometría arterial en reposo y oximetría de pulso. Para determinar la reproducibilidad del cuestionario se evaluó la correlación intraobservador (IO) e interobservador (INO) usando el coeficiente de correlación intraclase (rI) y el coeficiente de variación (CV) para la variabilidad intra e interobservador. Resultados: La evaluación funcional en los pacientes mostró una disminución del volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo (VEF1), en la PaO2 y en la saturación de oxígeno. Los coeficientes de correlación intraclase (rI), para cada una de las subescalas fueron los siguientes: "síntomas", rI IO y rI INO de 0.70 y 0.74 respectivamente; "actividades", rI IO y rI INO de 0.87 y 0.80 respectivamente; "impacto", rI IO y rI INO de 0.70 y 0.82 respectivamente; y para el "total", rI IO y rI INO de 0.81 y 0.66 respectivamente. Los CV IO tuvieron un rango del 9 al 17 por ciento y para el CV INO los rangos fueron de 8 al 12 por ciento. Aunque la reproducibilidad fue buena, fue más baja cuando se compara con los estudios originales. Conclusiones: En términos generales, la reproducibilidad del cuestionario lo hace útil para evaluar la calidad de vida. Los resultados de nuestro estudio sugieren que la versión mexicana es conceptualmente equivalente a la versión en español y original, así como similarmente confiable y válida. Aunque también se sugiere realizar más estudios que nos permitan hacer de este instrumento una herramienta básica para el manejo y control de la calidad de vida del paciente con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica en México.
