HLA-G 14 bp Ins/Del (rs66554220) Variant Is Not Associated with Breast Cancer in Women from Western Mexico.

HLA-G is a physiology and pathologic immunomodulator detrimentally related to cancer. Its gene is heavily transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally regulated by variants located in regulator regions like 3'UTR, being the most studied Ins/Del of 14-bp (rs66554220), which is known to influence the effects of endogen cell factors; nevertheless, the reports are discrepant and controversial. Herein, the relationship of the 14-bp Ins/Del variant (rs66554220) with breast cancer (BC) and its clinical characteristics were analyzed in 182 women with non-familial BC and 221 disease-free women as a reference group. Both groups from western Mexico and sex-age-matched (sm-RG). The rs66554220 variant was amplified by SSP-PCR and the fragments were visualized in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The variant rs66554220 was not associated with BC in our population. However, we suggest the Ins allele as a possible risk factor for developing BC at clinical stage IV (OR = 3.05, 95% CI = 1.16-7.96, p = 0.01); nevertheless, given the small stratified sample size (n = 11, statistical power = 41%), this is inconclusive. In conclusion, the 14-bp Ins/Del (rs66554220) variant of HLA-G is not associated with BC in the Mexican population, but might be related to advanced breast tumors. Further studies are required.

Valoración de los scores SOFA (SEQUENTIAL ORGAN FAILURE ASSESSMENT) y APACHE II (ACUTE PHYSIOLOGY AND CHRONIC HEALTH EVALUATION II) como predictores de mortalidad en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital PNP Luis N. Sáenz en el periodo 2013-2014 / Assessment of the scores SOFA (SEQUENTIAL ORGAN FAILURE ASSESSMENT) and APACHE II (ACUTE PHYSIOLOGY AND CHRONIC HEALTH EVALUATION II) as predictors of mortality in Intensive Care Unit at the Hospital PNP Luis N. Saenz in the period 2013-2014

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo determinar el valor predictivo de los scores APACHE II y SOFA, en pacientes de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital PNP Luis N. Sáenz, en el período comprendido entre Marzo de 2013 y Marzo de 2014. El tipo de investigación es de tipo cohorte prospectivo, observacional y analítico. La muestra estuvo integrada por 55 pacientes que ingresaron en forma consecutiva a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital PNP Luis N. Sáenz en el período comprendido entre Marzo de 2013 y Marzo de 2014. Los resultados muestran que del total de pacientes fallecidos (n=45) el 71.1 por ciento son hombres y el 28.9 por ciento son mujeres encontrándose relación estadística de P<0.05; la edad prevalente es de 60 a 80 años (37.8 por ciento). Se encontró que la mediana de la edad es de 72 años (45,90) y la mediana de los días de hospitalización es de 7 días (1,50). Los diagnósticos más frecuentes en los pacientes fallecidos fueron Shock Séptico (37.8 por ciento) y Shock Hipovolémico (35.6 por ciento). La población estudiada tuvo una mediana de edad 81 años (50,8 por ciento) y una mediana de hospitalización de 12 días. Asimismo, los resultados mostraron que del total de pacientes fallecidos (n=45) HTA se presentó en el 46.7 por ciento de pacientes vivos y en el 30 por ciento de fallecidos; el 40 por ciento del total de pacientes ingresó con dificultad respiratoria y el 28.9 por ciento ingresó con dolor abdominal, el tiempo de enfermedad en los fallecidos fue de 8 días. La sensibilidad del Score APACHE II con puntaje 13 predijo al 95 por ciento la mortalidad considerando un área bajo la curva de 94 por ciento (p<0.05), la sensibilidad del Score SOFA con puntaje 16, predijo al 96 por ciento la mortalidad, área bajo la curva 87 por ciento (p<0.05), al aplicar ambos scores (SOFA y APACHE II), simultáneamente, se obtuvo una predicción de mortalidad de 100 por ciento (p<0.05). La presente investigación concluye que los scores SOFA...

This research aims to evaluate the predictive value of the APACHE II and SOFA scores, patients in the Intensive Care Unit of the Hospital Luis N. Saenz PNP, in the period between March 2013 and March 2014. The research is prospective, observational and analytical cohort. The sample consisted of 55 patients consecutively admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of the Hospital Luis N. Saenz PNP in the period between March 2013 and March 2014. Results show that the total number of deceased patients (n=45) 71.1 per cent men and 28.9 per cent women finding statistical relationship of P<0.05; prevalent age is 60 to 80 years (37.8 per cent). was found that the median age is 72 years (45.90) and median hospital days is 7 days (1.50). The primary diagnosis of the patients who died was Septic Shock (37.8 per cent) followed by Hypovolemic Shock (35.6 per cent). Living patients (n=10) 30 per cent are men and 70 per cent are women finding statistical relationship P<0.05. The prevailing age is 60 to 80 years (37.8 per cent). Was found that the median age is 81años (50.89) and median hospital days is 12 days (3.14) also results show that the total number of deceased patients (n=45), 46.7 per cent had hypertension while living 30 per cent had hypertension, 40 per cent of all patients admitted with respiratory distress and 28.9 per cent admitted with abdominal pain, time of illness in the deceased is 8 days, of all living patients (n=10) 100 per cent exhibited RX and 70 per cent were diagnosed with CT, of all deceased patients (n=45) and 100 per cent had RX; 93.3 per cent were diagnosed with CT. The sensitivity in the apache score with score 13 to 95 per cent predicted mortality considering an area under the curve 94 per cent (p<0.05), the sensitivity in the SOFA score to score 16 predicts mortality 96 per cent, area under the curve 87 per cent (p<0.05), the sensitivity in the SOFA + APACHE II score predicts 36 to 100 per cent mortality, area under the curve 97 per cent...

TGF-beta receptor-mediated albumin uptake into astrocytes is involved in neocortical epileptogenesis.

It has long been recognized that insults to the cerebral cortex, such as trauma, ischaemia or infections, may result in the development of epilepsy, one of the most common neurological disorders. Human and animal studies have suggested that perturbations in neurovascular integrity and breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) lead to neuronal hypersynchronization and epileptiform activity, but the mechanisms underlying these processes are not known. In this study, we reveal a novel mechanism for epileptogenesis in the injured brain. We used focal neocortical, long-lasting BBB disruption or direct exposure to serum albumin in rats (51 and 13 animals, respectively, and 26 controls) as well as albumin exposure in brain slices in vitro. Most treated slices (72%, n = 189) displayed hypersynchronous propagating epileptiform field potentials when examined 5-49 days after treatment, but only 14% (n = 71) of control slices showed similar responses. We demonstrate that direct brain exposure to serum albumin is associated with albumin uptake into astrocytes, which is mediated by transforming growth factor beta receptors (TGF-betaRs). This uptake is followed by down regulation of inward-rectifying potassium (Kir 4.1) channels in astrocytes, resulting in reduced buffering of extracellular potassium. This, in turn, leads to activity-dependent increased accumulation of extracellular potassium, resulting in facilitated N-methyl-d-aspartate-receptor-mediated neuronal hyperexcitability and eventually epileptiform activity. Blocking TGF-betaR in vivo reduces the likelihood of epileptogenesis in albumin-exposed brains to 29.3% (n = 41 slices, P < 0.05). We propose that the above-described cascade of events following common brain insults leads to brain dysfunction and eventually epilepsy and suggest TGF-betaRs as a possible therapeutic target.

Geohelmintosis intestinales en el hombre y animales domésticos de sectores ribereños de la cuenca del río Valdivia Chile / Intestinal geohelminthosis in man and domestic animals in riverside sectors of Valdivia river basin, Chile

In march - october 1987 were analyzed 1295 coprological specimens in a sample of the human population who lives in riverside localities in the Valdivia river basin, Chile. A 23,6 for percent of examined persons presented infection by one or more helminth species. The prevalence of infection by ascaris lumbricoides, trichuris trichiura and trichostrongylidae gen. sp were 15,5; 12,7 and 0,2 for percent, respectively. The prevalence of human ascariosis and trichuriosis were greater in pre-school and school children. The sex of the host and prevalence of geohelminthosis did not show any relationship. Prevalences of ascariosis and trichuriosis were higher in persons from houses no sanitary fecal and water disposal. Over 35 for percent and 20,7 for percent of family groups showed infection by A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura, respectively in over 40 for percent of the members of each group. Fecal samples from domestic mammals revealed the following prevalences rates helminth infections: in dogs 19,0 and 15,2 for percent for toxocara canis and uncinaria stenocephala respectively, in cats 65,1 for percent for toxocara cati, and in pigs 25,4 and 3,2 for percent for ascaris suum and trichuris suis respectively. Some of these species are clearly demostrated agents of zoonoses

Epidemiología de la difilobotriasis en la cuenca del río Valdivia, Chile / Epidemiology of diphyllobothriasis in the Valdivia River basin, Chile

Foram examinadas 1.295 pessoas de seis localidades situadas às margens da bacia do rio Valdivia (Chile), encontrando-se uma prevalência de infecçäo por Diphyllobothrium igual a 1,2% em Rinihue e Las Huellas. Em cäes a prevalência foi de 5,3% e 9,8% em Rinihue e Malihue, respectivamente, näo tendo sido observada infecçäo em gatos nem porcos. Os parasitas obtidos apòs tratamento foram identificados como Diphyllobothrium latum. A infecçäo humana por Diphyllobothrium latum nas áreas afetadas foi produzida pela ingestäo de peixes defumados ou cozidos insuficientemente. A pesquisa realizada em 1.450 peixes pertencentes a 4 espécies introduzidas e 11 autoctones capturadas na bacia do rio Valdivia mostrou a existência de plerocercoides de Diphyllobothrium latum e/ou D. dendriticum nas espécies introduzidas Salmo gairdneri e S. trutta além de outras autoctones. A prevalência ou intensidade média das infecçöes nos peixes bem como o grau de agregaçäo das subpopulaçöes variaram nos diferentes locais estudados. Na bacia do rio Valdivia, alguns peixes atuaram como hospedeiros intermediários e outros como paratênicos das espécies de Diphyllobothrium encontradas. Como medidas de controle nos pontos de difilobotríase nas áreas estudadas sugere-se a melhoria das condiçöes de saneamento básico, educaçäo sanitária e tratamento das pessoas infectadas .