Saline-Tolerant Pathogenic Acanthamoeba spp. Isolated from a Geothermal Power Plant.

Few studies have been conducted in the cooling systems of power plants; they have focused on Naegleria fowleri, leaving a gap in the knowledge of other pathogenic free-living amoebae in this environment. The objective of this study was to determine the occurrence of saline-tolerant pathogenic Acanthamoeba in a geothermal power plant. The identification of isolated amoebae at genus level was carried out, observing their morphological characteristics; the determination of genotype and species of Acanthamoeba was performed via molecular biology (PCR). Water temperature ranged from 18 to 43 °C and conductivity from 4.0 × 104 to 8.7 × 104 µS/cm; this last value was greater than the seawater value. Only five amoeba genera were found. Acanthamoeba was in all the sampling sites, showing high saline tolerance. The high temperature, but mainly high conductivity, were the environmental conditions that determined the presence of pathogenic free-living amoebae in the hot water. All the strains of Acanthamoeba culbertsoni killed the mice, having a mortality of 40 to 100%. Acanthamoeba genotypes T10 and T5 were identified, T10 is rarely isolated from the environment, while T5 is more frequent. This is the first time that genotypes T5 and T10 have been reported in the environment in Mexico.

Actitudes y vivencias sobre la diversidad sexual de profesionales de salud de la zona centro-sur de Chile / Attitudes and experiences about sexual diversity of health professionals in the central-south zone of Chile

Resumen Antecedentes: Les profesionales de salud establecen una relación con personas LGBTIQA+ desde sus propios significados que se manifiestan en actitudes negativas o positivas en cada encuentro con estas personas. Objetivo: Describir las actitudes hacia la diversidad sexual de profesionales de salud del centro-sur de Chile. Método: Estudio cualitativo realizado en cinco ciudades del centro-sur de Chile. Se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad y grupos de discusión a 41 profesionales, en su mayoría de género femenino y matronas. Se realizó un análisis fenomenológico para la descripción de las actitudes y vivencias asociadas con la diversidad sexual. La validez de los datos se aseguró a través de la auditoría durante el proceso investigativo y la triangulación de analistas. Resultados: Les profesionales de la salud entrevistades usan definiciones basadas en el conocimiento popular y la cultura predominante para estructurar sus vivencias personales y profesionales hacia la diversidad sexual. Conclusiones: Las vivencias tienen en común una percepción favorable en el recambio generacional, motivación al aprendizaje de competencias culturales que valoricen la diversidad sexual y una baja o nula formación profesional; en este sentido, el rol del Estado y de las universidades es muy importante en la formación inicial y continua en este tema.

Abstract Background: Health professionals establish a relationship with LGBTIQA+ users from their own meanings that are manifested in negative or positive attitudes in each encounter with them. Objective: To describe the attitudes towards sexual diversity of health professionals in South-Central Chile. Method: Qualitative study conducted in five cities in Central-Southern Chile. In depth interviews and discussion groups were conducted with 41 professionals, mostly women and midwives. A phenomenological analysis was carried out to describe the attitudes and experiences associated with sexual diversity. The validity of the data was ensured through the audit during the research process and the triangulation of analysts. Results: The health professionals interviewed use definitions based on popular knowledge and predominant culture to structure their personal and professional experiences of sexual diversity. Conclusions: The experiences have a favorable perception of generational change in common, motivation to learn cultural competences that value sexual diversity and low or no professional training; in the sense, the role of the State and universities play an important role in the initial and continuous training on this issue

The Role of Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation in High-Risk Neuroblastoma Consolidated by anti-GD2 Immunotherapy. Results of Two Consecutive Studies.

Background: Treatment of HR-NB comprise induction, consolidation with autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) followed by anti-GD2 immunotherapy and isotretinoin. Childrens Oncology Group and SIOPEN studies used dinutuximab and cytokines to treat patients in complete remission or refractory Bone/Bone marrow (B/BM) disease after ASCT. Methods: HR-NB patients referred to Hospital Sant Joan de Déu for anti-GD2 immunotherapy were eligible for two consecutive studies (dinutuximab for EudraCT 2013-004864-69 and naxitamab for 017-001829-40) and naxitamab/Sargramostim CU with or without prior ASCT. Patients enrolled in first complete remission or with primary refractory B/BM disease. We accrued a study population of two groups whose therapy, aside from ASCT, was similar. This is a retrospective analysis of their outcome calculated from study entry. Results: From December 2014-2019, 67 patients were treated with dinutuximab and cytokines (n = 21) in the Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-HRNB-Ch14.18 study or with naxitamab and Sargramostim either in the Ymabs study 201 (n = 12) or CU (n = 34). 23 patients were treated with primary refractory disease in the B/BM (11 with dinutuximab and 12 with naxitamab), and 44 in first CR (10 with dinutuximab and 34 with naxitamab). Study patients included 13 (19.4%) treated following single ASCT and 54 following conventional chemotherapy. Median follow-up for all patients is 16.2 months. Two-year rates for ASCT and non-ASCT patients were, respectively, EFS 64.1% vs. 54.2% (p = 0.28), and OS 66.7% vs. 84.1% (p = 0.81). For the 44 pts in first CR, 2-years rates for ASCT and non-ASCT patients were, respectively, EFS 65.5% vs. 58.7% (p = 0.48), and OS 71.4% vs. 85.4% (p = 0.63). Conclusions: In this retrospective, single center study, ASCT did not provide survival benefit when anti-GD2 immunotherapy was used after induction chemotherapy.

Isolation and Identification of Naegleria Species in Irrigation Channels for Recreational Use in Mexicali Valley, Mexico.

Members of the genus Naegleria are free-living amoebae that are widely distributed in water and soil environments. Moreover, Naegleria fowleri is a pathogenic amoeba species that causes a fatal disease in the central nervous system known as primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) in humans. Since most reported infections due to N. fowleri are reported in recreational waters worldwide, this study was aimed to describe the presence of these amoebic genus in Mexicali Valley irrigation channels of recreational use. A total of nine water samples were collected and processed by triplicate, in nine different sites of the Valley. After filtering and culturing the samples, plates were examined, and the observed amoebae were morphologically identified at the genus level. In addition, the pathogenicity of these amoebic isolates was checked, and molecular characterization was performed by PCR/sequencing. The results revealed the presence of Naegleria spp. in all the channels sampled. Finally, molecular identification confirmed the presence of five different species of Naegleria: N. fowleri, N. australiensis, N. gruberi, N. clarki and N. pagei. The presence of these protists, particularly N. fowleri, should be considered as a potential human health risk in the region.

Expression changes of BIK in breast cancer tissues of different histological subtypes.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to determine the expression levels of BIK in breast cancer (BC) tissues of different histological subtype and to delve into the participation of BIK in this type of cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: BIK and p-BIK (the phosphorylated form) protein expressions were tested by immunohistochemistry in BC tissue microarrays (Tumoral [n = 90] and adjacent [n = 40] tissues). RESULTS: The data revealed an overexpression of BIK in invasive ductal (Grades I, IIA, and IIB) and in lobular (Grades IIA and IIB) carcinomas compared to their respective adjacent tissues. By contrast, canalicular carcinoma (Grades I and IIB) and phyllodes tumors had very low expression levels of BIK. Only levels of p-BIK were shown to be increased in invasive ductal carcinoma (Grades I, IIA, and IIB). Meanwhile, quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis showed lower BIK levels in MCF-10A and MCF-7 cells than in MDA-MB-231 and human mammary epithelial cells. In agreement with this, BIK protein was shown to be overexpressed in MDA-MB 231 relative to MCF-7 cells. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed an association between BIK expression and the BC tumor subtype under study, which could be related to different BIK functions in the BC subtypes.

OBJETIVO: Determinar el grado de expresión de BIK en tejidos de cáncer de mama de diferente subtipo histológico para ahondar en la participación de BIK en este tipo de cancer. MÉTODO: Por medio de inmunohistoquímica se determinó la expresión de BIK y de su forma fosforilada (p-BIK) en microarreglos de tejidos (tumores [n = 90] y tejidos adyacentes [n = 40]) y líneas celulares. RESULTADOS: Los datos mostraron una sobreexpresión de BIK en los carcinomas de tipo ductal invasivo (grados I, IIA y IIB) y lobular (grados IIA y IIB) con respecto a sus tejidos adyacentes respectivos. En contraste, el carcinoma canalicular (grados I y IIB) y los tumores filoides mostraron una baja expresión de BIK en relación con sus tejidos adyacentes respectivos. El análisis de la qPCR mostró una menor expresión de BIK en las células MCF-10A y MCF-7 en comparación con las células MDA-MB-231 y HMEC. En concordancia con esto, la expresión proteica de BIK fue mayor en las células MDA-MB 231 que en las células MCF-7. CONCLUSIÓN: Nuestros resultados mostraron una asociación entre la expresión de BIK y el subtipo tumoral en estudio, lo cual sugiere una función diferencial de BIK en el cáncer de mama.

Estrategias de intervención psicológica de acuerdo a las condiciones clínicas y las variables biopsicosociales del adolescente en la consulta odontológica: Revisión de la literatura / Psychological Intervention Strategies According to the Clinical Conditions and the Biopsychosocial Variables of the Adolescent in the Dental Practice: Review of the Literature

RESUMEN Epidemiológicamente, los adolescentes conforman un subgrupo poblacional con indicadores bucodentales que ameritan atención en el ámbito de la salud pública. Asimismo, la mayoría de las facultades de odontología orientan la enseñanza odontológica dirigida al niño y al adulto, donde la atención enfocada al adolescente se suele diferir. Además, el desconocimiento en las alteraciones biopsicosociales y las particularidades clínicas inherentes a la adolescencia, hacen la atención de estos pacientes potencialmente compleja. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este artículo es realizar una revisión de la literatura con el fin de ofrecerle al profesional las herramientas o recursos psicológicos (habilidades blandas) para el abordaje de la población adolescente que asiste a la consulta odontológica. Actualmente, la "Odontohebiatría" describe la atención integral e interdisciplinaria de la salud bucodental de los adolescentes, con énfasis en la prevención y la estética bucodental. De esta forma, la odontología moderna demanda una participación activa del profesional, el cual debe estar familiarizado con las afecciones clínicas y las variables psicológicas que puedan afectar al adolescente; asimismo, también se considera importante la instrucción y el adiestramiento en estrategias de intervención psicológica para ofrecer una atención adaptada a este grupo etario.

ABSTRACT Epidemiologically, the teenagers make up a population subgroup with oral indicators that need attention in the field of public health. In addition, the majority of the dental faculties orient the dental education directed to the child and the adult, where the attention focused to the teen is usually deferred. Moreover, the ignorance in the biopsychosocial alterations and the clinical peculiarities inherent to adolescence, make the attention of these potentially complex patients. Therefore, the objective of this article is to carry out a review of the literature in order to offer the professional the tools or psychological resources (soft skills) for the approach of the adolescent population that attends the dental consultation. Currently, the "Odontohebiatría" describes the comprehensive and interdisciplinary care of adolescent oral health, with an emphasis on oral prevention and esthetics. In this way, modern dentistry demands an active participation of the professional, who must be familiar with the clinical conditions and the psychological variables that may affect the teenager; also, it is considered important the instruction and training in strategies of psychological intervention to offer an attention adapted to this age group.

Klippel-Feil Syndrome with Sprengel Deformity and Extensive Upper Extremity Deformity: A Case Report and Literature Review.

INTRODUCTION: Klippel-Feil syndrome (KFS) is a congenital anomaly resulting from fusion of cervical vertebral bodies secondary to the dysregulation of signaling pathways during somite development. It is commonly associated with scoliosis and Sprengel deformity. We present a case of KFS with commonly associated abnormalities as well as deformities that have not yet been reported in the literature. CASE PRESENTATION: A 3-year-old girl presented for further evaluation of a left upper extremity deformity following a negative genetic workup. Upon physical exam and radiographic imaging, the patient was diagnosed with KFS and associated abnormalities including cervical scoliosis, Sprengel deformity, and congenital deformity of the left upper extremity. Deformities of the left upper extremity include radioulnar synostosis, a four-rayed hand, and absent thenar musculature. The Sprengel deformity was corrected surgically with a Woodward procedure. DISCUSSION: Congenital musculoskeletal deformities can be differentiated based upon spinal and limb embryology. The presence of extraspinal abnormalities not originating from somite differentiation may suggest a severe form of KFS. Important considerations in the workup of the KFS patient include looking for deformities of the shoulder girdle and upper extremities to identify abnormalities for intervention at a young age.

Recognizing intraventricular silicone.

Retinal detachment with subsequent silicone oil retinopexy is not uncommon. A known complication of silicone retinopexy is intraventricular migration of the intraocular silicone oil. While the oil itself does not result in direct pathology, misdiagnosis may lead to an unnecessary diagnostic workup and possibly predispose the patient to surgery intervention. Silicone oil typically appears hyperdense on computer tomography (CT) and hyperintense on T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR). These imaging findings may mimic a mass or blood products. However, MR imaging of silicone results in chemical shift artifact which should help narrow the imaging differential. We present a patient with incidental CT and MRI findings which resulted in a prolonged hospital course following misidentification of intraventricular silicone oil. Although the imaging differential for an intraventricular lesion may include metastasis, lymphoma, hemorrhage, choroid plexus papilloma/carcinoma, meningioma, subependymoma, and ependymoma, secondary imaging findings should be noted to ensure an accurate diagnosis. In patients with evidence of prior silicone retinopexy, visualization of an intraventricular lesion with associated chemical shift artifact should raise the possibility of intraventricular silicone oil migration.

Circulating microRNAs as Biomarkers for Pediatric Astrocytomas.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Since MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are potent regulators of gene expression, their expression and function alterations are associated with different types of cancer, including pediatric astrocytoma. Since the secretion of miRNAs by tumors into corporal fluids has made it possible to identify biomarkers in cancer, their deter mination in pediatric astrocytoma is vital. In order to gain insight into the mechanisms controlled by miRNAs in these neoplasms, we tested the expression of miRNAs 130a, 145, 335, 1303, and let-7g-3p by qPCR in tumors and blood serum from pediatric patients with astrocytoma. The data was analyzed with the DIANA-miRPath v3.0 platform. RESULTS: The data represented expression changes of all mirRNAs tested in both tumors and blood serum, which strongly suggest their use as circulating biomarkers for astrocytic tumors. The bioinformatic analysis -with DIANA-miRPath v3.0- showed the involvement of these miRNAs in extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction and proteoglycans in cancer, which control many hallmarks of cancer. In fact, the expression of the proteoglycan syndecan 4 (SDC4) and that of its biosynthetic enzymes, Exostosin Glycosyltransferase 1 (EXT1) and Xylosyltransferase 1 (XYLT1), were altered in pediatric astrocytoma. CONCLUSIONS: Our results highlight the role of microRNAs in the biology of pediatric astrocytoma and demonstrated for the first time the potential use of some circulating microRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers for this type of tumors, particularly miRs 130a, 145, and 335.

AgNPs: The New Allies Against S. Mutans Biofilm - A Pilot Clinical Trial and Microbiological Assay.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of a new formulation containing silver nanoparticles, named Nano Silver Fluoride (NSF), to inhibit Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation on children's dental enamel. The variations in dental biofilm pH and in the Simplified-Oral-Hygiene-Index (OHI-S) also were evaluated after the treatment with NSF. This was a randomized, double-blind, crossover and prospective pilot clinical trial study in which 12 schoolchildren, aged between 7-8 years, had their dental enamel treated with two solutions: S1 - Nano Silver Fluoride and S2 - negative control (saline solution), in different experimental moments. The dental biofilm adhered to enamel treated with NSF had lower values of S. mutans viability (absorbance) and colony forming units (CFU) than the S0 (baseline) and S2. There was a statistically significant difference between the OHI-S mean values of S0 and S1. There were no differences between the biofilm pH (both before and after the use of the test substances) and among the different groups. These properties suggest that NSF has bactericidal effect against S. mutans biofilm and it may be used for clinical control and prevention of dental biofilm formation.

Antimicrobial and cytotoxicity evaluation of colloidal chitosan - silver nanoparticles - fluoride nanocomposites.

The present study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of colloidal chitosan - silver nanoparticle - fluoride nanocomposites (CChAgNpFNc), with different silver nanoparticle shapes and sizes. The syntheses of CChAgNpFNc were performed with silver nitrate added to a chitosan solution, addition of a sodium borohydride solution and solid sodium fluoride. Solution of ascorbic acid was added to synthesize larger silver nanoparticles. CChAgNpFNc obtained: S1- 100% spherical, 8.7±3.1nm; S2- 97% spherical, 15.0±7.9nm and 2.5% triangular, 22.2±9.5nm; S3- 77.3% spherical, 31.8±10.4nm, 15.9% triangular, 27.1±10.1nm and 6.8% elliptical, 33.2±7.8nm; and S4- 75.2% spherical, 43.2±14.3nm; 23.3% triangular 38.2±14.8nm, and 1.5% elliptical 38.4±11.6nm. The CChAgNpFNc showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans, by microdilution technique. The influence on the growth of microorganisms was evaluated using a fluorescence assay, and showed an increasing lag phase and a decreasing log phase. Cytotoxicity was investigated using Artemia salina and MTT assays. The S3 and S4 samples exhibited low cytotoxicity. The S1 and S2 samples inhibited murine macrophages and revealed lethal dose concentrations above 1000mg/mL that were classified as moderately toxic. Thus, CChAgNpFNc are potential options for the control of multiple-drug-resistant microorganisms and do not represent substantial risks to human health.

EphrinA4 plays a critical role in α4 and αL mediated survival of human CLL cells during extravasation.

A role of endothelial cells in the survival of CLL cells during extravasation is presently unknown. Herein we show that CLL cells but not normal B cells can receive apoptotic signals through physical contact with TNF-α activated endothelium impairing survival in transendothelial migration (TEM) assays. In addition, the CLL cells of patients having lymphadenopathy (LApos) show a survival advantage during TEM that can be linked to increased expression of α4 and αL integrin chains. Within this context, ephrinA4 expressed on the surface of CLL cells sequestrates integrins and inactivates them resulting in reduced adhesion and inhibition of apoptotic/survival signals through them. In agreement, ephrinA4 silencing resulted in increased survival of CLL cells of LApos patients but not LA neg patients. Similarly was observed when a soluble ephrinA4 isoform was added to TEM assays strongly suggesting that accumulation of this isoform in the serum of LApos patients could contribute to CLL cells dissemination and survival in vivo. In supporting, CLL lymphadenopathies showed a preferential accumulation of apoptotic CLL cells around high endothelial venules lacking ephrinA4. Moreover, soluble ephrinA4 isolated from sera of patients increased the number and viability of CLL cells recovered from the lymph nodes of adoptively transferred mice. Finally, we present evidence suggesting that soluble ephrinA4 mediated survival during TEM could enhance a transcellular TEM route of the CLL cells. Together these findings point to an important role of ephrinA4 in the nodal dissemination of CLL cells governing extravasation and survival.

Persistent virus-induced gene silencing in asymptomatic accessions of Arabidopsis.

Coupled with the advantages afforded by the model plant Arabidopsis, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) offers a rapid means to assess gene function. The geminivirus vector based on Cabbage leaf curl virus described here has the benefits of small insert size and persistent silencing of the target gene through the life cycle of the plant. Here, we show that genetic variation in the vast collection of Arabidopsis accessions can be leveraged to ameliorate viral symptomology that accompanies the VIGS procedure. The plasticity of phenotypes under different day lengths or temperature conditions can be exploited to achieve maximum silencing efficacy in either vegetative or inflorescence tissue, according to the question being asked. Protocols and vectors for Agro-infiltration of primary leaves, subapical pricking in older plants, and microprojectile bombardment are described.

Action of silver nanoparticles towards biological systems: cytotoxicity evaluation using hen's egg test and inhibition of Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation.

This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity and bactericidal properties of four silver nanoparticle (AgNP) colloids and their ability to inhibit Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation on dental enamel. The cytotoxicity of AgNPs was evaluated based on signs of vascular change on the chorioallantoic membrane using the hen's egg test (HET-CAM). Bactericidal properties and inhibition of S. mutans biofilm formation were determined using a parallel-flow cell system and a dichromatic fluorescent stain. The percentage of viable cells was calculated from regression data generated from a viability standard. AgNP colloids proved to be non-irritating, as they were unable to promote vasoconstriction, haemorrhage or coagulation. AgNP colloids inhibited S. mutans biofilm formation on dental enamel, and cell viability measured by fluorescence was 0% for samples S1, S2, S3 and S4 and 36.5% for the positive control (diluted 30% silver diamine fluoride). AgNPs are new products with a low production cost because they have a lower concentration of silver, with low toxicity and an effective bactericidal effect against a cariogenic oral bacterium. Moreover, they do not promote colour change in dental enamel, which is an aesthetic advantage compared with traditional silver products.

Terapia de revascularización percutánea en pacientes portadores de estenosis crítica carotídea-coronaria: resultados en un hospital y a largo plazo / Percutaneous revascularization therapy in patients of critical carotid-coronary stenosis: results in hospital and long term

Objetivo: Analizar la morbimortalidad a 30 días y 6 meses en pacientes sometidos a una intervención percutánea (IP) por estenosis critíca carotídea (EAC)-coronaria (EACo) en un centro hospitalario de alto volumen, experto en el tratamiento de la enfermedad multivascular. Antecedentes: El tratamiento óptimo de los pacientes con EAC y EACo concomitante sigue siendo controvertido. Ha sido reportada una variedad de estrategias terapéuticas, incluyendo a la cirugía de revascularización coronaria (BACo), sola o en combinación con la revascularización percutánea o quirúrgica de la arteria carótida. Material y métodos: Entre enero de 1998 y junio de 2013 fueron tratados 118 (149 lesiones) pacientes consecutivos con EAC (estenosis carotídea sintomática en el 37.6%) y EACo en forma estadiada o simultánea a IP carotídeo-coronario con stent. El objetivo primario (PP) fue evaluar la incidencia de los eventos cardiacos y cerebro-vasculares mayores (ECVM) (muerte, infarto al miocardio y accidente vascular cerebral mayor) en los 30 días posteriores, tanto al primero como segundo procedimiento. Con un EuroSCORE (ES) promedio de 2.75 ± 1.5. Resultados: A 30 días, la incidencia de PP fue de 4.02%; la muerte global infarto agudo al miocardio (IAM) y accidente vascular cerebral mayor (AVCM) ocurrieron en el 2.01, 1.34 y 0.67% respectivamente; no observamos diferencia en AVC mayor y muerte en el grupo Sx versus Asx, 2.14% versus 2.14%, p = 0.809; ambos grupos, sin embargo, en el infarto fue mayor en Asx versus Sx 4.3% versus 0%, p = 0.053. Se hizo un seguimiento a seis meses de 140 lesiones tratadas; cuatro pacientes se sometieron a revascularización coronaria, uno falleció, tres de ellos presentaron IAM y muerte cardiovascular, 0% de AVC ipsilaterales; 1.4% presentó reestenosis in stent carotídeo tratándose con angioplastia balón (ATP). Conclusiones: En los pacientes con EAC y EACo concomitante, un tratamiento percutáneo combinado se compara muy favorablemente con las experiencias quirúrgicas o híbridos con evidente menor ECVM. Tal estrategia puede ser especialmente más adecuada a pacientes complejos con alto riesgo quirúrgico.

Objectives: To analyze the morbidity and mortality at 30 days and 6 months in patients taken to a Percutaneous Intervention (PI) for critical Carotid and coronary stenosis in a center of high volume expert in the treatment of multivessel disease. Background: The optimal treatment of patients with Carotid and Coronary disease concomitant remains controversial. A variety of therapeutic strategies, including coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG), alone or in combination with percutaneous or surgical revascularization of the carotid artery have been reported. Material and methods: Between January 1998 and June 2013, 118 patients with (149 lesions) carriers of Coronary and Carotid disease (symptomatic carotid stenosis in 37.6%) were treated as staged or simultaneous PI Carotid-Coronary stenting. The primary endpoint (EP) to assess the incidence of major cerebrovascular and cardiac events (MACE) (death, myocardial infarction, cerebral vascular accident major) within 30 days after the first and second proceedings, with EuroSCORE (ES) 2.75 ± 1.5 avg. Results: The incidence of EP was 4.02%, global death, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and cerebral vascular accident major (CVAM) occurred in 2.01, 1.34 and 0.67% respectively. In group Asx versus Sx we not observed a greater difference in the CVAM and death 2.14% versus 2.14%, p = 0.809 both groups, however in AMI was higher in Asx versus Sx group 4.3% versus 0%, p = 0.053. At 6 month follow up 4 patients underwent CABG one dies, 3 patients more presented AMI and death, 0% ipsilateral CVA, 1.4% had carotid stent restenosis with being treated PTA. Conclusions: In patients with carotid and coronary stenosis concomitant, combined percutaneous treatment compares very favorably to previous surgical or hybrid experiences less obvious MACE. This strategy may be particularly suited to more complex patients with high surgical risk.

Cierre percutáneo primario del defecto del tabique interventricular postinfarto con el dispositivo de Amplatzer: resultados inmediatos y seguimiento a largo plazo / Primary percutaneous closure of postinfarction septal defect with Amplatzer device: immediate results and long-term follow-up

Introducción: La reparación quirúrgica inmediata de una comunicación interventricular que complica el infarto agudo del miocardio (CIV post-IAM) se asocia con la alta mortalidad. El cierre con dispositivo percutáneo parece ser seguro y efectivo en pacientes con CIV post-IAM; reportamos los resultados inmediatos y a largo plazo en la utilización del dispositivo Amplatzer en el cierre primario de una CIV post-IAM. Material y métodos: De junio del 2006 a enero del 2014, 17 pacientes portadores de una CIV post-IAM se sometieron a un cierre percutáneo con Amplatzer a una edad promedio de 66.8 ± 5.5, 82.4% en shock cardiogénico (ShC), el 35.3% recibieron tratamiento trombolítico (TT) en ventana, el tiempo promedio del diagnóstico de CIV al cierre percutáneo (IP) fue de 8.7 ± 5.8 días. Resultados: Con un seguimiento actual de 13.25 ± 12.6 meses, el éxito del procedimiento fue del 100%, el shunt (QP:QS) se redujo de 2.9 ± 0.95 a 1.5 ± 0.40 L/min p = 0.0001, 12 pacientes (70.6%) se sometieron a una Angioplastía Coronaria Transluminal Percutánea (ACTP) del vaso culpable posterior al cierre de la CIV. La mortalidad a 30 días fue de 52.9%, siendo más alta en el paciente con ShC versus no-ShC 64.3 versus 0% p = 0.043 OR 2.8 (IC 95% 1.38-5.6). Conclusión: El cierre primario de CIV post-IAM es una técnica muy promisoria que puede ser realizada con una alta tasa de éxito y mínimas complicaciones y puede ser tomado como una alternativa a la cirugía. Sin embargo, a pesar de ser una técnica menos invasiva, la mortalidad permanece alta y muy evidente en el paciente en ShC.

Introduction: The immediate surgical repair of a ventricular septal defect complicating acute myocardial infarction (VSD post-AMI) is associated with high mortality. The percutaneous closure device is safe and effective in patients with post-infarction VSD; we report the immediate and long term results in the use of the Amplatzer device in the primary closure of post infarction VSD. Material and methods: From June 2006 to January 2014, 17 patients carriers of post-infarction VSD underwent percutaneous Amplatzer closure with a mean age 66.8 ± 5.5, 82.4% in cardiogenic shock (CS), 35.3% were thrombolyzed (TT) in window, the average time to percutaneous closure of VSD 8.7 ± 5.8 days. Results: With a current monitoring of 13.25 ± 12.6 months procedural success were in 100% shunt (QP:QS) was reduced from 2.9 to 1.5 ± 0.40 ± 0.95 L/min p = 0.0001, 12 patients (70.6%) undergoing PTCA the culprit vessel post-closure of the VSD. Global mortality at 30 days was 52.9%, being higher in patients with CS versus 64.3 versus 0% no-CS p = 0.043 OR 2.8 (CI 95% 1.38-5.6). Conclusion: The primary closure of postinfarction VSD is a very promising technique that can be performed with a high success rate and minimal complications and may be taken as an alternative to surgery. However despite being a less invasive technique remains high mortality very evident in patients in CS.

Clinical and molecular characterization of a patient with 15q21.2q22.2 deletion syndrome.

We report on a 16-year-old girl with a complex phenotype, including intellectual disability, facial dysmorphisms, and obesity. During her infancy, she presented with weak sucking, global developmental delay, and later with excessive eating with central obesity. The girl was clinically diagnosed with probable Prader-Willi syndrome. Chromosomal analysis showed a de novo deletion 46,XX,del(15)(q21q22). However, the use of the Affymetrix CytoScan HD Array defined the exact breakpoints of the deleted 15q21q22 region. The imbalance, about 10.5 Mb in size, is to date the second largest deletion ever described in this chromosomal region. In addition, our patient carries a microdeletion in the 1q44 region and a gain in 9p24. The array result was arr[hg19] 9p24.1(6,619,823-6,749,335)×3, 1q44(248,688,586-248,795,277)×1, 15q21.2 q22.2(50,848,301-61,298,006)×1. Although our patient presents additional chromosomal alterations, we provide a correlation between the clinical findings and the phenotype of the 15q21 deletion syndrome.

A proteomic approach of pediatric astrocytomas: MiRNAs and network insight.

Pediatric astrocytomas, a leading cause of death associated with cancer, are the most common primary central nervous system tumors found in children. Most studies of these tumors focus on adults, not on children. We examined the global protein and microRNA expression pattern by 2D SDS-PAGE, mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF), and RT(2) miRNA PCR Array System. Proteomic studies revealed 49 proteins with changes on the expression. Interactome showed that vimentin, calreticulin, and 14-3-3 epsilon protein are hub proteins in these neoplasms. MicroRNA analyses demonstrated for the first time novel microRNAs involved in the astrocytoma biology. In conclusion, our results show that novel proteins and microRNAs with expression changes on pediatric astrocytoma could serve as biomarkers of tumor progression. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Astrocytomas are tumors that progress rapidly and that invade surrounding tissues. Although some drugs have been developed to treat these neoplasms, the mortality of patients is still very high. In this study, we describe for the first time, to our knowledge, some proteins and miRNAs associated with the biology of astrocytic tumors that could be postulated as possible diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers. Altogether, our results indicate that large-scale analyses allow making a fairly accurate prediction of different cellular processes altered in astrocytic tumors.

El receptor postsináptico de glicina media de forma transitoria y sostenida la inhibición glicinérgica en la retina de los vertebrados / The post-synaptic glycine receptor mediates in a transitory and sustained way the glycinergic inhibition in the vertebrate retina

Introducción. La glicina y el ácido g-aminobutírico son los principales neurotransmisores inhibidores en la retina de los vertebrados. La acción inhibidora de la glicina es mediada por el receptor postsináptico de glicina, que es un canal selectivo al cloruro, constituido por tres subunidades β y dos α (α1 - α4 ) que se antagoniza por el alcaloide estricnina. En la retina se conoce que las cuatro isoformas de la subunidad α se expresan en la capa sináptica interna y que en muy raras ocasiones se localizan en la misma terminal sináptica. Los receptores de glicina formados por las isoformas α1 o α3 poseen cinéticas rápidas, mientras que los receptores α2 o α4 responden tónicamente. El empleo de ratones transgénicos que tienen eliminada (knock-out) o disminuida (knock-down) la expresión de alguno de los genes que codifican para las diferentes isoformas de la subunidad α del receptor de glicina ha permitido estudiar la participación de estas subunidades en la transmisión glicinérgica de la retina de los mamíferos. Objetivo. Describir la participación del receptor de glicina en la neurotransmisión glicinérgica, particularmente en la retina. Desarrollo. En esta revisión se describen los experimentos que han permitido localizar e identificar la participación de los diferentes subtipos del receptor de glicina en circuitos de neurotransmisión específicos en la retina de los vertebrados. Conclusiones. La localización de receptores de glicina constituidos por diferentes isoformas de la subunidad α, en tipos neuronales específicos, indica la presencia de circuitos glicinérgicos que codifican de manera distinta el paso de información en la retina (AU)

Introduction. Glycine and the g-aminobutyric acid are the principal inhibitory neurotransmitters in the vertebrate retina. The inhibitory action of glycine is mediated by the post-synaptic glycine receptor, a chloride-selective channel, constituted by three β and two α subunits (α1 - α4 ), which is antagonized by the alkaloid strychnine. In the retina, it is known that all α isoforms are expressed at the level of the inner synaptic layer with a very low colocalization. The glycine receptor formed by either α1 or α3 shows rapid kinetics, whereas α2 or α4 receptors respond tonically. The use of transgenic mice has allowed the study of the different glycine receptor α subunits in the glycinegic neurotransmission of the mammalian retina. Aim. To describe the participation of the glycine receptor in the inhibitory neurotransmission particularly in the retina. Development. In this review we describe the experiments that have allowed the localization and the involvement of the α subunit isoforms in specific transmission circuits of the vertebrate retina. Conclusions. The localization of the glycine receptor conformed by different isoforms of the α subunit in specific neuronal types, indicate the presence of glycinergic circuits that encode information differently in the retina (AU)

[The post-synaptic glycine receptor mediates in a transitory and sustained way the glycinergic inhibition in the vertebrate retina]. / El receptor postsinaptico de glicina media de forma transitoria y sostenida la inhibicion glicinergica en la retina de los vertebrados.

INTRODUCTION: Glycine and the gamma-aminobutyric acid are the principal inhibitory neurotransmitters in the vertebrate retina. The inhibitory action of glycine is mediated by the post-synaptic glycine receptor, a chloride-selective channel, constituted by three beta and two alpha subunits (alpha(1)-alpha(4)), which is antagonized by the alkaloid strychnine. In the retina, it is known that all alpha isoforms are expressed at the level of the inner synaptic layer with a very low colocalization. The glycine receptor formed by either alpha1 or alpha(3) shows rapid kinetics, whereas alpha(2) or alpha(4) receptors respond tonically. The use of transgenic mice has allowed the study of the different glycine receptor alpha subunits in the glycinegic neurotransmission of the mammalian retina. AIM: To describe the participation of the glycine receptor in the inhibitory neurotransmission particularly in the retina. DEVELOPMENT: In this review we describe the experiments that have allowed the localization and the involvement of the alpha subunit isoforms in specific transmission circuits of the vertebrate retina. CONCLUSIONS: The localization of the glycine receptor conformed by different isoforms of the alpha subunit in specific neuronal types, indicate the presence of glycinergic circuits that encode information differently in the retina.