ABSTRACT
The isolation of autochthonous yeast species presents a good strategy to select new microorganisms for developing an adequate inoculum to carry out fermentations and generate representative products of the cider production zone. However, non-Saccharomyces yeasts have been considered to have low capacity to carry out a complete fermentation as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this work, five autochthonous yeasts from a cider fermentation process were isolated and identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Pichia membranaefaciens, P. kluyveri and Zygosaccharomyces rouxii. A series of fermentations were developed at laboratory level, using each species individually and it was observed that only S. cerevisiae was able to finish the process. K. marxianus consumed less than 50% of the sugars; P. kluyveri and Z. rouxii consumed less than 70% and P. membranaefaciens consumed more than 90% but the yield (ethanol produced for sugar consumed (YP/S)) was 0.39. Nevertheless, the addition of magnesium, zinc and nitrogen increased the fermentative capacity of almost all species: K. marxianus, Z. rouxii and P. kluyveri, showed an increase in ethanol production when nutrients were added, obtaining more than 80 g/L of ethanol, and showing that those nutrients are necessary to complete the fermentation. This work describes the potential use of different non-Saccharomyces species to carry out fermentation of apple juice and highlights the importance of certain nutrients to enable an efficient alcoholic fermentation and the generation of desirable volatile compounds for cider production.
Subject(s)
Alcoholic Beverages/microbiology , Nutrients/metabolism , Yeasts/metabolism , Alcoholic Beverages/analysis , Ethanol/analysis , Ethanol/metabolism , Fermentation , Fruit and Vegetable Juices/analysis , Fruit and Vegetable Juices/microbiology , Malus/microbiology , Nutrients/analysis , Species Specificity , Yeasts/classification , Yeasts/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
Dentro de las enfermedades infecciosas, aun en estos modernos tiempos, el parasitismo intestinal constituye un problema para países en vías de desarrollo y para los altamente desarrollados. Para caracterizar el parasitismo intestinal en niños de 1 a 12 años se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal durante los meses de mayo a julio de 2007, en 2 comunidades, una suburbana del reparto América Latina y otra urbana del reparto Virginia, ambas pertenecientes al ßrea de salud del Policlínico XX Aniversario, del municipio de Santa Clara. Se visitaron las viviendas y se aplicó encuesta a los padres para obtener datos al respecto. Fueron estudiados 243 niños de ambas comunidades, a quienes se les tomó muestras de heces fecales y región anal por el método de Graham. La frecuencia general de parasitismo fue de 65,8 por ciento, mayor en los niños del reparto América Latina, y las especies más frecuentes fueron Giardia lamblia y Enterobius vermicularis. Una inadecuada desinfección del agua, la presencia de vectores, comerse las uñas, la poca higiene después del contacto con animales, la presencia de estos en el hogar, no lavar las verduras, andar descalzos y el hacinamiento, fueron factores que favorecieron las parasitosis.
Included in infectious diseases, yet at present times, intestinal parasitism is a problem for underdeveloped countries, and for those highly developed. To characterize intestinal parasitism in children aged 1 and 12, we carried out a cross-sectional descriptive study during May to July, 2007 in 2 communities, one suburban of América Latina parcel and other urban of Virginia parcel, both served by XX Aniversario Polyclinic of Santa Clara municipality. We visited homes and we applied survey to parents to obtain data in this respect. A total of 243 children ware studied in both communities, taking samples of feces and of anal region by Graham method. General frequency of parasitism was of 6,8 percent greater in the children of América Latina parcel, and more frequent species were Giardia lamblia and Enterobius vermicularis. An unsuitable water disinfection, presence of vectors, to bite nails, a poor hygiene after animal contacts, presence of these in home, not washed vegetables, barefoot, and overcrowding, were the factors that more favouring parasitosis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Hygiene/methods , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/parasitology , School Health Services , Health SurveysABSTRACT
Dentro de las enfermedades infecciosas, aun en estos modernos tiempos, el parasitismo intestinal constituye un problema para países en vías de desarrollo y para los altamente desarrollados. Para caracterizar el parasitismo intestinal en niños de 1 a 12 años se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal durante los meses de mayo a julio de 2007, en 2 comunidades, una suburbana del reparto América Latina y otra urbana del reparto Virginia, ambas pertenecientes al ßrea de salud del Policlínico XX Aniversario, del municipio de Santa Clara. Se visitaron las viviendas y se aplicó encuesta a los padres para obtener datos al respecto. Fueron estudiados 243 niños de ambas comunidades, a quienes se les tomó muestras de heces fecales y región anal por el método de Graham. La frecuencia general de parasitismo fue de 65,8 por ciento, mayor en los niños del reparto América Latina, y las especies más frecuentes fueron Giardia lamblia y Enterobius vermicularis. Una inadecuada desinfección del agua, la presencia de vectores, comerse las uñas, la poca higiene después del contacto con animales, la presencia de estos en el hogar, no lavar las verduras, andar descalzos y el hacinamiento, fueron factores que favorecieron las parasitosis(AU)
Included in infectious diseases, yet at present times, intestinal parasitism is a problem for underdeveloped countries, and for those highly developed. To characterize intestinal parasitism in children aged 1 and 12, we carried out a cross-sectional descriptive study during May to July, 2007 in 2 communities, one suburban of América Latina parcel and other urban of Virginia parcel, both served by XX Aniversario Polyclinic of Santa Clara municipality. We visited homes and we applied survey to parents to obtain data in this respect. A total of 243 children ware studied in both communities, taking samples of feces and of anal region by Graham method. General frequency of parasitism was of 6,8 percent greater in the children of América Latina parcel, and more frequent species were Giardia lamblia and Enterobius vermicularis. An unsuitable water disinfection, presence of vectors, to bite nails, a poor hygiene after animal contacts, presence of these in home, not washed vegetables, barefoot, and overcrowding, were the factors that more favouring parasitosis(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/parasitology , Hygiene/methods , Health SurveysABSTRACT
Existe un alto consumo de drogas entre los menores de y en calle o que viven en instituciones para menores, o en sitios variables,en comparacion con la poblacion en general escolarizada. Las drogas mas usadas son los inhalables,particularmente clefa y tiner.El consumo de drogas en general,esta relacionada con disfunciones mentales que se demuestra mediante la cuntificacion de una marcada diferencia entre consumidores y no consumidores.Particularmente se afectan la memoria,atencion,orientacion y funciones ejecutivas del cerebro.(au)
