Subject(s)
Carcinoid Tumor/surgery , Endoscopic Mucosal Resection/methods , Rectal Neoplasms/surgery , Aged , Female , HumansABSTRACT
An expert panel analyzed the available evidence and reached a consensus to release 24 recommendations for primary and secondary prevention of gastric cancer (CG) in symptomatic patients, with indication for upper GI endoscopy. The main recommendations include (1) Search for and eradicate H. pylori infection in all cases. (2) Systematic gastric biopsies (Sydney protocol) in all patients over 40 years of age or first grade relatives of patient with CG, to detect gastric atrophy, intestinal metaplasia or dysplasia. (3) Incorporate the OLGA system (Operative Link on Gastritis Assessment) to the pathological report, to categorize the individual risk of CG. (4) Schedule endoscopic follow-up according to the estimated risk of CG, namely annual for OLGA III- IV, every 3 years for OLGA I- II or persistent H. pylori infection, every 5 years for CG relatives without other risk factors and no follow-up for OLGA 0, H. pylori (-). (4) Establish basic human and material resources for endoscopic follow-up programs, including some essential administrative processes, and (5) Suggest the early CG/total CG diagnosis ratio of each institution and the proportion of systematic recording of endoscopic images, as quality indicators. These measures are applicable using currently available resources, they can complement any future screening programs for asymptomatic population and may contribute to improve the prognosis of CG in high-risk populations.
Subject(s)
Early Detection of Cancer/methods , Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal , Precancerous Conditions/diagnosis , Stomach Neoplasms/diagnosis , Chile , Humans , Risk Factors , Societies, MedicalABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The over-the-scope clip (OTSC) provides more durable and full-thickness closure as compared with standard clips. Only case reports and small case series have reported on outcomes of OTSC closure of GI defects. OBJECTIVE: To describe a large, multicenter experience with OTSCs for the management of GI defects. Secondary goals were to determine success rate by type of defect and type of therapy and to determine predictors of treatment outcomes. DESIGN: Multicenter, retrospective study. SETTING: Multiple, international, academic centers. PATIENTS: Consecutive patients who underwent attempted OTSC placement for GI defects, either as a primary or as a rescue therapy. INTERVENTIONS: OTSC placement to attempt closure of GI defects. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Long-term success of the procedure. RESULTS: A total of 188 patients (108 fistulae, 48 perforations, 32 leaks) were included. Long-term success was achieved in 60.2% of patients during a median follow-up of 146 days. Rate of successful closure of perforations (90%) and leaks (73.3%) was significantly higher than that of fistulae (42.9%) (P < .05). Long-term success was significantly higher when OTSCs were applied as primary therapy (primary 69.1% vs rescue 46.9%; P = .004). On multivariate analysis, patients who had OTSC placement for perforations and leaks had significantly higher long-term success compared with those who had fistulae (OR 51.4 and 8.36, respectively). LIMITATIONS: Retrospective design and multiple operators with variable expertise with the OTSC device. CONCLUSION: OTSC is safe and effective therapy for closure of GI defects. Clinical success is best achieved in patients undergoing closure of perforations or leaks when OTSC is used for primary or rescue therapy. Type of defect is the best predictor of successful long-term closure.
Subject(s)
Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal/instrumentation , Gastrointestinal Diseases/diagnosis , Gastrointestinal Diseases/surgery , Surgical Instruments , Suture Techniques/instrumentation , Academic Medical Centers , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Anastomotic Leak/diagnosis , Anastomotic Leak/surgery , Cohort Studies , Digestive System Fistula/diagnosis , Digestive System Fistula/surgery , Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal/methods , Equipment Design , Equipment Safety , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , International Cooperation , Intestinal Perforation/diagnosis , Intestinal Perforation/surgery , Logistic Models , Male , Middle Aged , Multivariate Analysis , Retrospective Studies , Tensile Strength , Treatment Outcome , Video RecordingABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Acute variceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients is an emergency with a high risk of rebleeding and death. Endoscopic procedures such as sclerotherapy or banding, combined or not with drugs such as octreotide could be considered. AIM: To assess the value of octreotide in the control of acute variceal bleeding. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Ninety-two patients were randomized into three groups: endoscopic therapy plus octreotide 50 microg/h bolus and continuous infusion for 5 days (n=36); octreotide (same dosage) (n=13) and endoscopic therapy only (banding and/or sclerotherapy) (n=43). RESULTS: Haemostasis at 24 hours was achieved in 97% of patients with combined treatment, 69% of patients receiving octreotide, and 93% of patients with endoscopic therapy (p=0.2). Three patients with combined treatment, four patients receiving octreotide and eight patients with endoscopic therapy, rebled during the first five days (p=0.15). The mean of blood units transfused was similar in the three groups. No differences were observed in hospital days and side effects. At 42 days of follow up, eight patients with endoscopic therapy, one patients with combined therapy and 2 patients receiving octreotide, died (p=NS). CONCLUSIONS: Octreotide is useful in the management of acute variceal bleeding. The absence of important side effects, renders it as a safe adjuvant treatment associated with endoscopic treatment.
