[Pseudoaneurysm of the ascending aorta. Rare complication following aortic valve replacement]. / Faux anévrisme de l'aorte ascendante. Complication rare d'une chirurgie valvulaire aortique.

False aneurysm of the ascending aorta has been reported as a rare complication of cardiovascular surgery among which the etiology, the physiopathology and the natural evolution are still badly known. The diagnosis is often fortuitous. The clinical polymorphism of the affection imposes the appeal to the morphological explorations to establish an early diagnosis and determine the adequate therapeutic attitude. This complication of the cardiac surgery is associated with a high mortality in spite of the cardiovascular surgery progress. In this report, we present a case of a pseudoaneurysm of the ascending aorta which was discovered six months after aortic valve replacement for severe aortic stenosis. We discuss in this article the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of this case.