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1.
Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. (Online) ; 58: e20492, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1420382

ABSTRACT

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of vitamin C (VC) on the stability of stored liposomes under different climatic conditions. Liposomal formulations containing 1 mg/mL of VC (LIP-VC) and blank formulations (LIP-B) were prepared by the reverse-phase evaporation method. After preparation, they were characterized according to their refractive index, average vesicle diameter, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, pH, content, encapsulation efficiency (EE%), morphology, stability and antioxidant activity. For stability, LIP-VC and LIP-B were stored in different climatic conditions (4 °C, 25 °C and 40 °C) for 30 days. The LIP-VC presented 1.3365 refractive index, 161 nm of mean diameter, 0.231 PDI, -7.3 mV zeta potential, 3.2 pH, 19.4% EE%, spherical morphology, 1 mg/mL of VC content, and antioxidant activity of 12 and 11.4 μmol of TE/mL for the radical DPPH and ABTS+, respectively. During stability, the LIP-B stored in 40 °C showed an instability in the parameters: PDI, vesicle size and zeta potential after 15 days, while the LIP-VC remained stable in its size and PDI for 30 days. After that, it is shown that VC can be used as an antioxidant and stabilizer in liposomes to increase the stability and shelf-life of vesicles.

2.
Nat Prod Res ; 35(12): 2060-2065, 2021 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34096432

ABSTRACT

In this work was to develop an inedited nanocapsule with tucumã oil (Astrocaryum vulgare). The oil presents of phytosterols (squalene and ß-sitosterol), all-trans-beta-carotene, acids oleic and palmitic. Antioxidant activity showed a good performance in DPPH and ABTS assays. The nanocapsules were prepared and demonstrated in their characterization particle size (206 ± 0.69 nm). The cytogenotoxicity evaluation was performed using the MTT, dichlorofluorescein, nitric oxide and dsDNA PicoGreen® assays. Antitumor efficacy assays in MCF-7 cells demonstrated that free oil and tucumã nanocapsules had IC50 of 130 and 50 µg/mL, respectively. Thus, previous studies of toxicity are relevant, as they generate future subsidies, aiming at the potential application of nanostructures and in addition, the promising effect of NCs of tucumã oil on the antiproliferative effect in breast adenocarcinoma cells was evidenced.


Subject(s)
Antioxidants/pharmacology , Arecaceae/chemistry , Nanocapsules/chemistry , Phytochemicals/pharmacology , Plant Oils/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology , Antioxidants/analysis , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Female , Humans , MCF-7 Cells , Particle Size , Phytochemicals/analysis , Phytosterols/analysis , Plant Oils/chemistry
3.
Cell Stress Chaperones ; 24(6): 1175-1185, 2019 11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31620981

ABSTRACT

Increased oxidative stress is a frequent feature in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). High reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, associated with altered enzyme antioxidant activity, have been reported in dystrophic patients and mdx mice, an experimental model of DMD. In this study, we investigated the effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on oxidative stress marker levels and calcium concentration in primary cultures of dystrophic muscle cells from mdx mice. Primary cultures of skeletal muscle cells from C57BL/10 and mdx mice were treated with coenzyme Q10 (5 µM) for 24 h. The untreated mdx and C57BL/10 muscle cells were used as controls. The MTT and live/dead cell assays showed that CoQ10 presented no cytotoxic effect on normal and dystrophic muscle cells. Intracellular calcium concentration, H2O2 production, 4-HNE, and SOD-2 levels were higher in mdx muscle cells. No significant difference in the catalase, GPx, and Gr levels was found between experimental groups. This study demonstrated that CoQ10 treatment was able to reduce levels of oxidative stress markers, such as H2O2, acting as an antioxidant, as well as decreasing abnormal intracellular calcium influx in dystrophic muscles cells. This study demonstrated that CoQ10 treatment was able to reduce levels of oxidative stress markers, such as H2O2, acting as an antioxidant, as well as decreasing abnormal intracellular calcium influx in dystrophic muscles cells. Our findings also suggest that the decrease of oxidative stress reduces the need for upregulation of antioxidant pathways, such as SOD and GSH.


Subject(s)
Antioxidants/pharmacology , Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/drug effects , Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects , Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/drug therapy , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Ubiquinone/analogs & derivatives , Animals , Calcium/metabolism , Cells, Cultured , Dietary Supplements , Female , Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mice, Inbred mdx , Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/pathology , Muscle, Skeletal/pathology , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , Ubiquinone/pharmacology , Vitamins/pharmacology
4.
Hig. aliment ; 33(288/289): 2769-2773, abr.-maio 2019. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1482334

ABSTRACT

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo a análise de resíduos aquosos provenientes da extração de óleos essenciais. As analises constaram de fenóis e flavonoides totais, atividade antioxidante por captura de radical DPPH e ABTS e atividade antimicrobiana dos resíduos aquosos da produção de óleos essenciais de Citronela, Lavanda, Capim-limão, Alecrim e Canela. Na análise da atividade antimicrobiana, os resíduos de lavanda e canela não apresentaram inibição, enquanto o de Citronela, Capim-limão e Alecrim apresentaram baixa taxa de inibição. Os resultados das análises mostraram que a fração aquosa possui quantidade de compostos fenólicos totais inferior à dos óleos essenciais das plantas e que a análise de DPPH e ABTS indicaram um baixo poder antioxidante.


Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents/analysis , Antioxidants/analysis , Waste Disposal, Fluid , Phenols/analysis , Flavonoids/analysis , Waste Management , Wastewater , Oils, Volatile/analysis
5.
Nat Prod Res ; 33(23): 3426-3431, 2019 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29781304

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the antioxidant activity of Cuphea glutinosa (CG) and its effect on Na+, K+-ATPase from cardiac muscle. The ethanolic extract showed higher antioxidant capacity compared to aqueous and ethyl acetate fraction. Ethyl acetate fraction showed ß-sitosterol-3-O-ß-glucoside, kaempferol, quercetin, isoquercetin, gallic acid methyl ester, and gallic acid. The ethanolic extract also reduced the Na+,K+-ATPase activity. CG presented a promising antioxidant activity and inhibitory effect on the Na+, K+-ATPase activity, supporting biochemical evidences the popular use of this plant in the treatment of heart failure.


Subject(s)
Antioxidants/isolation & purification , Cuphea/chemistry , Phytochemicals/chemistry , Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/antagonists & inhibitors , Animals , Antioxidants/chemistry , Brazil , Heart/drug effects , Heart Failure/drug therapy , Kaempferols/isolation & purification , Myocardium , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Quercetin/isolation & purification
6.
Ciênc. rural (Online) ; 47(9): e20151509, 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1044951

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: Although different tropical fruit species have been used in the development of fermented beverages, there are only few references in the literature to the production of natural sparkling wines from fruits other than grapes. In this sense, the objective of the present research was the development and physicochemical and volatile characterization of a natural sparkling guava wine produced by the champenoise method. Volatile compounds were identified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry using the headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) technique on samples. Eighty-nine volatile compounds were detected, of which 51 were identified. Esters were the predominant class of volatile compounds (a total of 26), followed by alcohols (10), terpenes (9), ketones (3), and acids (3). Volatile compounds with possible odoriferous activity were reported in the beverage, including ethyl octanoate, ethyl 5-hexenoate, phenethyl acetate, (E)-β-damascenone, (E)-ethyl cinnamate, 2-methyl butyl acetate, 3-methylbutanol, ethyl 3-(E)-hexenoate, and methyl 5-hexenoate. Natural sparkling guava wine produced showed a complex composition of fruity and floral aromas. Furthermore, the use of the champenoise method, traditionally applied to grapes, enabled the manufacture of a natural sparkling guava wine with physicochemical characteristics equivalent to those of sparkling wines made from grapes.


RESUMO: Diferentes frutos tropicais vêm sendo utilizados para o desenvolvimento de bebidas fermentadas, porém na bibliografia consultada há poucas referências sobre a produção de espumantes naturais de outras frutas diferentes da uva. Nesta perspectiva, o objetivo deste trabalho foi o desenvolvimento e a caracterização físico-química e volátil de um espumante natural de goiaba produzido pelo método champenoise. A determinação dos compostos voláteis foi realizada por cromatografia em fase gasosa acoplada a espectrometria de massas utilizando a técnica de microextração em fase sólida no headspace (HS-SPME) das amostras. Foram detectados 89 compostos voláteis, dos quais 51 foram identificados. Os ésteres foram os compostos voláteis predominantes em número, totalizando 26 compostos, seguido pelos álcoois (10), terpenos (9), cetonas (3) e ácidos (3). Compostos voláteis com possível atividade odorífera foram encontrados na bebida, dentre eles os ésteres octanoato de etila, 5-hexenoato de etila, acetato de fenetila, (E)-β-damascenona, (E)-cinamato de etila, acetato de 2-metil butila, 3-metil butanol, 3-(E)-hexenoato de etila e o 5-hexenoato de metila. O espumante natural produzido apresentou uma composição complexa de aroma frutado e floral. Além disso, a utilização do método tradicionalmente aplicado a uvas, o champenoise, proporcionou a fabricação de um espumante natural de goiaba com características físico-químicas equivalentes aos espumantes elaborados a partir de vinho.

7.
Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol ; 43(2): 259-67, 2016 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26639107

ABSTRACT

This study evaluated the possible protective effects of cilostazol against myonecrosis in dystrophic diaphragm muscle in vivo, focusing on oxidative stress, the inflammatory response and angiogenesis. Young mdx mice, the experimental animal for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, received cilostazol for 14 days. A second group of mdx mice and a control group of C57BL/10 mice received a saline solution. In the mdx mice, cilostazol treatment was associated with reduced loss of muscle strength (-34.4%), decreased myonecrosis, reduced creatine kinase levels (-63.3%) and muscle fibres stained for immunoglobulin G in dystrophic diaphragm muscle (-81.1%), and a reduced inflammatory response, with a decreased inflammatory area (-22%), macrophage infiltration (-44.9%) and nuclear factor-κB (-24%) and tumour necrosis factor-α (-48%) content in dystrophic diaphragm muscle. Furthermore, cilostazol decreased oxidative stress and attenuated reactive oxygen species production (-74%) and lipid peroxidation (-17%) in dystrophic diaphragm muscle, and promoted the up-regulation of angiogenesis, increasing the number of microvessels (15%). In conclusion, the present results show that cilostazol has beneficial effects in dystrophic muscle. More research into the potential of cilostazol as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of dystrophinopathies is required.


Subject(s)
Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects , Tetrazoles/pharmacology , Animals , Body Weight/drug effects , Cilostazol , Creatine Kinase/blood , Diaphragm/drug effects , Female , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred mdx , Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism , Muscle, Skeletal/pathology , Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/blood , Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/metabolism , Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/pathology , Necrosis/prevention & control , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Phenotype
8.
PLoS One ; 10(6): e0128567, 2015.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26083527

ABSTRACT

The present study evaluated low-level laser therapy (LLLT) effects on some physiological pathways that may lead to muscle damage or regeneration capacity in dystrophin-deficient muscle cells of mdx mice, the experimental model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Primary cultures of mdx skeletal muscle cells were irradiated only one time with laser and analyzed after 24 and 48 hours. The LLLT parameter used was 830 nm wavelengths at 5 J/cm² fluence. The following groups were set up: Ctrl (untreated C57BL/10 primary muscle cells), mdx (untreated mdx primary muscle cells), mdx LA 24 (mdx primary muscle cells - LLLT irradiated and analyzed after 24 h), and mdx LA 48 (mdx primary muscle cells - LLLT irradiated and analyzed after 48 h). The mdx LA 24 and mdx LA 48 groups showed significant increase in cell proliferation, higher diameter in muscle cells and decreased MyoD levels compared to the mdx group. The mdx LA 48 group showed significant increase in Myosin Heavy Chain levels compared to the untreated mdx and mdx LA 24 groups. The mdx LA 24 and mdx LA 48 groups showed significant increase in [Ca2+]i. The mdx group showed significant increase in H2O2 production and 4-HNE levels compared to the Ctrl group and LLLT treatment reduced this increase. GSH levels and GPx, GR and SOD activities increased in the mdx group. Laser treatment reduced the GSH levels and GR and SOD activities in dystrophic muscle cells. The mdx group showed significant increase in the TNF-α and NF-κB levels, which in turn was reduced by the LLLT treatment. Together, these results suggest that the laser treatment improved regenerative capacity and decreased inflammatory response and oxidative stress in dystrophic muscle cells, indicating that LLLT could be a helpful alternative therapy to be associated with other treatment for dystrophinopathies.


Subject(s)
Dystrophin/metabolism , Inflammation/metabolism , Lasers, Solid-State , Oxidative Stress/radiation effects , Regeneration/radiation effects , Animals , Calcium/metabolism , Cells, Cultured , Dystrophin/genetics , Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism , Lasers, Solid-State/therapeutic use , Low-Level Light Therapy , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mice, Inbred mdx , Muscle, Skeletal/cytology , Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism , Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/metabolism , Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/pathology , Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/radiotherapy , Myosin Heavy Chains/metabolism , NF-kappa B/metabolism , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
11.
Ciênc. rural ; 38(8): 2345-2350, Nov. 2008. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-512020

ABSTRACT

Vinhos tintos com altos valores de pH são resultantes de uvas com valores excessivos de potássio. O excesso de potássio é, geralmente, resultado, do manejo inadequado no vinhedo. Com o intuito de encontrar uma solução tecnológica para o problema de pH nos mostos antes e durante da aplicação de medidas no vinhedo, foram realizadas vinificações em escala piloto com uvas Cabernet Sauvignon adicionando-se ácido tartárico no momento do esmagamento. Assim, três tratamentos, em duplicata, foram feitos com a adição de zero (testemunha), 1 e 2gL-1 de ácido tartárico. Foram utilizados os procedimentos normais de sulfitagem, uso de enzimas pectinolíticas e leveduras selecionadas. A descuba foi realizada após 10 dias e a fermentação malolática foi espontânea. Foram analisados potássio (por fotometria de chama), acidez titulável (por titulometria) e pH (por peagâmetro) no mosto durante a fermentação e no vinho resultante. Potássio foi também analisado nas películas e nas borras submetidas, no entanto, a digestão nitroperclórica antes da análise. Os valores encontrados para potássio (gL-1), acidez titulável (g por cento) e pH durante a microvinificação foram, respectivamente, na amostra testemunha: 1,98, 0,61, 3,68; tratamento 1: 1,72, 0,70 e 3,63; tratamento 2: 1,41, 0,73 e 3,50. A análise de potássio, nas películas e nas borras nos diferentes tratamentos, apresentou os seguintes valores, respectivamente, para a amostra testemunha em g kg-1 (Matéria Seca): 24,91 e 69.30; tratamento 1: 21,85 e 75.11; tratamento 2: 16,20 e 85.38. A ação do ácido tartárico torna-se mais evidente nas borras, em que quanto maior foi a adição de ácido no mosto maior foi a quantidade de potássio encontrada nestas, reduzindo, desse modo, a quantidade de potássio no vinho. Salienta-se que a adição de ácido tartárico é um paliativo momentâneo e a verdadeira correção deve ser feita no vinhedo, por meio de um manejo adequado.


Wines with high pH values are usually made from grapes with high potassium values and can bring serious problems to the wine. This high potassium comes, usually, from mistakes with the vines management. While the right management has being tried, in the vineyard, and aiming to find a fast solution for the problem inside the winery a pilot scale fermentation was made with Cabernet Sauvignon. The must was submitted to three different treatments with tartaric acid: zero, 1gL-1 and 2gL-1,all in duplicate. The pattern of fermentation was the normal SO2, pectinolitic enzymes and yeasts addition to the musts; skins and seeds were removed from the must after 10 days of fermentation and malolactic fermentation occurred spontaneously. Potassium (by flame spectrometry), total acidity (by titulometry) and pH (by pH meter) were analyzed in the musts during fermentation and in the wines; skins and lees were digested previously the analysis. Values found, in the wines, for potassium (gL-1), total acidity (g percent) and pH were respectively: samples from zero tartaric acid 1,98, 0.61, 3,68; from 1gL-1:1,72, 0.70 e 3,63; from 2gL-1:1,41, 0,73 e 3,50. Values found in the skins and lees with the same treatments were, respectively: 24,91 and 69.30, 21,85 and 75.11, 16,20 and 85.38g kg-1 of the Dry Matter. The effect of tartaric acid addition was noted mainly in the lees (69.3, 75.11 and 85.38), in which the potassium found showed a close relationship with the acid added in the must. It should be noted, though, that this addition is just for the moment because the real correction should be made in the vineyard, as it is now.

12.
Hig. aliment ; 22(162): 33-38, jun. 2008.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-535540

ABSTRACT

O potássio é um nutriente importante para o crescimento e a produção de videiras. Este mineral tem influência no conteúdo ácido em uvas e vinhos, um importante parâmetro tecnológico em enologia. Assim sendo, a quantidade de potássio absorvida pelas uvas será de extrema importância para a elaboração de vinhos de qualidade. Muitos são os fatores que influenciam a absorção de potássio pelas videiras, sendo esta a razão para os resultados contraditórios encontrados em vários experimentos de fertilização potássica em videiras. Este trabalho reúne os principais artigos já publicados sobre a adubação potássica em videiras e sobre o metabolismo deste mineral durante o ciclo produtivo de videiras, com a finalidade de servir como base para futuros trabalhos com potássio em videiras e uvas.


Subject(s)
Food Quality , Potassium/administration & dosage , Vitis , Wine
13.
J Mass Spectrom ; 41(2): 185-90, 2006 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16382484

ABSTRACT

Samples of must derived from six different varieties of grapes taken during the fermentation process, as well as the respective wine samples directly after the end of the malolactic fermentation, were analyzed by direct infusion negative ion mode electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Diagnostic ions for must were different from those of wine samples, although small variations for each of the grape varieties were also detected. The addition of unfermented must or sugar to wine could also be clearly detected. The spectra were acquired in a few minutes per sample, indicating that ESI-MS can be used for high-throughput analysis of samples and should prove useful for quality control during and after the fermentation process.


Subject(s)
Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/methods , Vitis/chemistry , Wine/analysis , Species Specificity , Vitis/classification , Volatilization
14.
Hig. aliment ; 19(136): 58-63, out. 2005. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-421576

ABSTRACT

O uso de enzimas pectinolíticas na elaboração de vinhos pode resultar num aumento do teor de metanol no meio (principalmente em cultivares não viníferas). Três cultivares de uva foram tratadas com enzimas pectinolíticas em duas concentrações: uma com a concentrações: uma com a concentração recomendada pelo fabricante e outra com o dobro da recomendação. A quantidade de metanol no vinho resultante e o rendimento do mosto foram avaliados em relação à quantidade de enzimas adicionada. Metanol foi analisado por cromatografia gasosa e o rendimento através da relação entre o volume total de líquido obtido e o peso inicial. O uso destas enzimas aumentou o teor de metanol, não ultrapassando, entretanto, os valores admitidos pela legislação. Os resultados mostraram também que a cultivar vinífera apresentou uma quantidade de metanol bastante inferior às duas não viníferas, o que, provavelmente, acontece com todas as viníferas. Assim, o teor de metanol depende da quantidade de enzimas adicionadas, da cultivar e do tempo de contato com as películas. Finalmente, o rendimento também aumentou com a adição de enzimas, como era esperado. Estes resultados confirmaram que o uso da enzima aumenta os teores de metanol em vinhos sem, contudo, causar danos à saúde do consumidor.


Subject(s)
Enzymes , Methanol , Wine , Vitis/enzymology
15.
Hig. aliment ; 19(132): 33-39, jun. 2005. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-412905

ABSTRACT

O uso de enzimas pectinolíticas em vinificação está amplamente difundido por trazer uma série de benefícios à indústria vinícola. Os mostos e vinhos tratados com essas enzimas sofrem efeitos em alguns parâmetros e em seus componentes químicos. Três cultivares de uva foram tratadas com enzimas pectinolíticas em duas concentrações: uma com a concentração recomendada pelo fabricante e outra com o dobro da recomendação. A influência da adição de enzimas pectinolíticas e cultivares de uva foram consideradas em relação à formação dos álcoois superiores durante a fermentação. Foram realizadas análises cromatográficas para a determinação dos álcoois superiores. Os dois álcoois amílicos e a soma total de álcoois superiores da cv. Isabel apresentaram teores inferiores aos normalmente encontrados para esta cultivar; porém, todos os álcoois tiveram seus teores mais elevados nas vinificações com o uso de enzimas. Na cv. Cabernet Sauvignon, que se caracteriza por apresentar teores de álcoois superiores elevados, também houve um aumento quando sofreu a adição de enzimas. A cv. Niágara apresentou teores elevados de álcoois superiores, sem, no entanto, haver aumento em função do uso de enzimas. Assim, o tratamento enzimático afetou os níveis de álcoois superiores principalmente nas cultivares tintas estudadas. Finalmente, os teores de álcoois superiores foram significativamente diferentes entre as cultivares.


Subject(s)
Fermentation , Pectins , Vitis/enzymology , Wine
16.
Hig. aliment ; 18(118): 31-37, mar. 2004. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-387711

ABSTRACT

O trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de estudar a viabilidade do uso de vermicompostagem e compostagem na melhoria do bagaço de uvas, um resíduo da indústria vinícula. O experimento foi realizado com cascas de uvas tintas e brancas; minhocas da espécie Eisenia foetida, conhecida como minhoca vermelha da Califórnia, foram utilizadas para o processo de vermicompostagem. O experimento foi conduzido em escala laboratorial e no campo; em amostras retiradas periodicamente, foram realizadas análises de carbono no experimento de campo e pH, nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio em ambos os experimentos. Os valores de pH, ácido no inicio dos processos (3,5) e neutro no final (7,5), mostraram que existe uma tendência à neutralidade, o que viabiliza a utilização deste material no solo. Os valores de nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio sofreram mudanças, de acordo com a cultivar utilizada, o processo empregado e o ambiente em que o experimento foi conduzido. O bagaço de ambas as cultivares apresentou relação C/N inicial, em torno de 12,5. O processo de vermicompostagem a campo apresentou, um ano mais tarde, a mesma estabilidade na relação CN:9,0 que possuía aos 50 dias quando o processo havia finalizado. Por outro lado, um ano após o encerramento do processo de compostagem a campo, finalizado aos 80 dias, a relação C/N não havia ainda estabilizado, passando de 9,0 para 12,0. Portanto, pode ser dito que a vermicompostagem, bem conduzida,m é uma boa opção para agilizar o processo e estabilizar o material.


Subject(s)
Vitis , Fermentation
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