[Radical prostatectomy in patients with incident prostate cancer].

The problem of detecting localized prostate cancer following transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) for benign prostatic hyperplasia is fairly common. Historically, radical prostatectomy (RP) after previously performed TURP was associated with poor surgical and functional outcomes. It is believed that the periprostatic fibrosis, scar tissue and inflammation after previous TURP may interfere with the optimal RP results. The present retrospective study evaluates intraoperative characteristics, postoperative oncological and functional outcomes of RP in patients with a history of TURP.

[The possibilities of electronic-social network in services for old citizens].

The article is dedicated to analysis of using the potentials of electronic nets in social-gerontological work. Modern technologies are described and a review of most perspective directions of electronic net of social work in caring of old population is given.

[Community social gerontological work in the USA]. / Obshchinnaia sotsial'no-gerontologicheskaia rabota v SShA.

This abstract represents community social gerontological programs and projects in the USA. There are many gerontological programs based on intergenerational approach. They involve the elderly and the young in joint activities and have good socio-psychological results. These programs and projects can be used in Russia, minding national and community traditions.

Trigeminofacial reflexes in primary headaches.

Nociceptive processing in trigeminal system is likely to undergo to significant changes in chronic pain disorders such as in primary headache. The electrophysiological testing of brainstem reflexes seems to offer a valuable adjunct to the clinical evaluation, providing direct evidence for central dysmodulation of sensory and pain neurotransmission, i.e. dishabituation pattern and reduced pain threshold. We review the contribution of trigeminofacial reflex studies in the light of those recent data supporting the view of a dysfunctional sensory processing in primary headache.

[Gender differences in migraine and wake-sleep migraine attacks]. / Polovye osobennosti migreni i migren' bodrstvovaniia i sna.

A follow-up clinical study was made of 320 patients examined in Autonomic Pathology and Headache Center, Nervous disease clinic, Sechenov Moscow Medical Academy, since 1989 to 1999. The peculiarities of migraine attack course and remission period, psychological characteristics, concomitant diseases and quality of life in men and women were described. In women, migraine attacks were more typical, prolonged and severe, being often stipulated by provoking factors, especially by emotional ones, as well as accompanied by autonomic disturbances, anxiety and depression. Despite a more favorable migraine course, men proved to score lower on quality of life, revealing more maladaptation. Patients with sleep migraine attacks were distinguished by more severe migraine course, multiple disturbances in remission period, higher depression and anxiety levels, as well as lower quality of life. Common serotoninergic mechanisms were suggested to underlie sleep migraine and depression. The leading role of depression in the origin of night migraine attacks is discussed.

[Quality of life in multiple sclerosis and pharmaco-economic studies]. / Kachestvo zhizni bol'nykh rasseiannym sklerozom i nekotorye podkhody k farmakoékonomicheskim issledovaniiam.

Early disability and its rapid progression emphasize the medico-social importance of MS. The widely used disease-modifying treatments allowed to delay the time of severe disability, but this way of treatment is very expensive. The cost of MS is discussed based on literature data. The level of the cost of MS greatly depends on the disease severity and activity. Thus the studies of quality of life (QL) and pharmacoeconomical analysis, besides neurological scales, can give important additional information for clinical trials. First such studies in Europe in patients with secondary progressive MS showed a delay in progression of QL indexes in patients under Betaferon treatment in comparison to placebo. We studied changes in MOS SF-36 and WHO QL scales in groups of 60 MS patients, receiving Rebif or Copaxone. After 3 months of Rebif significant positive changes in scales, reflecting physical and social activity of MS patients, were found. At the same time negative changes in the "Pain" scale might reflect the presence of local side effects of beta-interferons treatment. No statistically significant changes in QL indexes under treatment with Copaxone were seen. The results of QL testing were associated with data of neuropsychological tests, characterizing chronic fatigue and depression. Thus the measurement of QL indexes may be a source of significant additional information, estimating the effecis of treatment and is the basic for pharmacoeconomical analysis.

[Social theory of aging in the USA: development and current status]. / Sotsial'nye teorii stareniia v SShA: razvitie i sovremennoe sostoianie.

Social theories of aging provide the basis of all relevant practice interventions, policies, programs and research. They evolve and change over time, based upon new knowledge gleaned from additional experience and research, as well as a more enlightened understanding of populations-at-risk and the psychological and social conditions that affect the well-being of such older adults. It is important to assess theories critically in order to use them judiciously. This abstract develops social theories that have evolved in the United States since the early 20th century to the present. They are presented in three main categories: Social Theories, Psychological Theories, and a combination of the two that recognizes the interaction between people and their social environments. Attention is also given to Spirituality and Aging, and to Biological considerations, particularly in regard to Sexuality and Aging. The authors contends that most theories are worthy of consideration, and none are necessarily applicable to everyone. The authors thank Prof. of social work Adelphi University Janice Wood Wetzel for the materials and help in writing this abstract.

[Clinical and psychological characteristics and therapy of patients with cluster (bunch) headache]. / Kliniko-psikhologicheskaia kharakteristika i terapiia bol'nykh klasternoi (puchkovoi) golovnoi bol'iu.

The paper presents a discussion on clinical psychological peculiarities of patients with cluster headache (CHA), an analysis of these data in dependence on CHA form (episodically or chronically), on the sex of the patients, on the side of the headache localization (right-sided, left-sided). Taking into consideration a correlation of the headache attacks and the quality of the night sleep, the therapy with imovan (zopiclone) preparation was proposed. Such therapy resulted in positive changes including disappearance of the night attacks and the decrease of the intensitivity of the algesic attacks during daily time.