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1.
Ann Glob Health ; 81(3): 354-67, 2015.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26615070

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Chile has recently been reclassified by the World Bank from an upper-middle-income country to a high-income country. There has been great progress in the last 20 to 30 years in relation to air and water pollution in Chile. Yet after 25 years of unrestrained growth, there remain clear challenges posed by air and water pollution, as well as climate change. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to review environmental health in Chile. METHODS: In late 2013, a 3-day workshop on environmental health was held in Santiago, Chile, bringing together researchers and government policymakers. As a follow-up to that workshop, here we review the progress made in environmental health in the past 20 to 30 years and discuss the challenges of the future. We focus on air and water pollution and climate change, which we believe are among the most important areas of environmental health in Chile. RESULTS: Air pollution in some cities remains among the highest in the continent. Potable water is generally available, but weak state supervision has led to serious outbreaks of infectious disease and ongoing issues with arsenic exposure in some regions. Climate change modeling in Chile is quite sophisticated, and a number of the impacts of climate change can be reasonably predicted in terms of which areas of the country are most likely to be affected by increased temperature and decreased availability of water, as well as expansion of vector territory. Some health effects, including changes in vector-borne diseases and excess heat mortality, can be predicted. However, there has yet to be an integration of such research with government planning. CONCLUSIONS: Although great progress has been made, currently there are a number of problems. We suspect that the Chilean experience in environmental health may be of some use for other Latin American countries with rapid economic development.


Subject(s)
Air Pollution , Climate Change , Environmental Health , Water Pollution , Chile , Humans , Public Health
2.
Cuad. méd.-soc. (Santiago de Chile) ; 46(4): 252-257, dic. 2006. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-464581

ABSTRACT

La producción de emisiones contaminantes a la atmósfera, como resultado de la producción de energía termoeléctrica a partir del uso de combustibles fósiles, es un hecho conocido. El trabajo informa acerca de cuales son estos productos de emisión en la producción termoeléctrica en Chile, y cuales de ellos se están monitoreando en forma regular. Informa asimismo acerca de las normas chilenas y de la OPS de calidad del aire establecidas como aceptables, quedando de manifiesto, que con excepción de las normas relativas al CO, todas las demás (MP, SO2, NO2 y O3) las normas chilenas son mucho más permisivas que las de la OMS. Por la razón anterior, los resultados de las mediciones hechas a nivel de emisión de algunas centrales termoeléctricas del país, en general se encuentran dentro de límites normales. El trabajo entrega información acerca del impacto en la salud de la población que tienen estos contaminantes, producto de la revisión en el año 2005 por la OPS de varios estudios comprendidos entre los años 1994 y 2004 en la región. Finalmente el trabajo entrega información acerca del costo económico de la contaminación atmosférica, que fue estimado en el estudio para la “Estimación de los beneficios Sociales de la Reducción de Emisiones y Concentraciones de Contaminantes Atmosféricos en la Región Metropolitana” elaborado en el año 2001.


Subject(s)
Humans , Air Pollution , Air Pollution/analysis , Electric Power Supplies , Energy-Generating Resources , Environmental Health/standards , Air Monitoring , Air Quality Standards , Chile , Air Pollutants/analysis , Maximum Allowable Concentration , Ozone/analysis , Ozone/adverse effects , Particle Counting , Power Plants
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