Expanded Protocol of Orofacial Myofunctional Evaluation with Scores for Nursing Infants (6-24 months) (OMES-E Infants). / Protocolo de Avaliação Miofuncional Orofacial com Escores Expandido: AMIOFE-E LACTENTES (6-24 MESES).

PURPOSE: Adapt and validate the content and appearance of the Expanded Protocol of Orofacial Myofunctional Evaluation with Scores (OMES-E) for nursing infants aged 6 to 24 months. METHODS: This is a validation study. The parameters were based on the literature on orofacial motor development, the authors' experience, and on a committee of ten members. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, content validity index, and agreement among experts. RESULTS: The protocol was organized into functional blocks after maintenance, exclusion, modification, and addition of items, and was adapted according to the age group. A high level of agreement between experts was obtained for 90% of the items. The final version of the protocol includes new items such as history of feeding, orofacial parafunctional habits, facial mobility, dentition, oral breathing mode, swallowing of pasty food, and details specific for the age group. An operational manual and a table for recording the scores were also included. CONCLUSIONS: The OMES-E Infants protocol was validated for its content and appearance, and may contribute to orofacial myofunctional diagnosis in the 6 to 24-month age group.

OBJETIVO: Adaptar e validar conteúdo e aparência do Protocolo de Avaliação Miofuncional Orofacial com Escores Expandido (AMIOFE-E) para lactentes de 6 a 24 meses de idade. MÉTODO: Estudo de validação. Os parâmetros foram baseados em literatura sobre desenvolvimento motor orofacial, experiência dos autores e painel de 10 especialistas. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva, Índice de Validade de Conteúdo e concordância entre especialistas. RESULTADOS: O protocolo foi organizado em blocos funcionais após manutenção, exclusão, modificação e acréscimo de itens, adaptando-se à faixa etária. Obteve-se alto nível de concordância em 90% dos itens. Na versão final foram acrescidos: histórico de alimentação e hábitos parafuncionais orofaciais, mobilidade facial, dentição, modo oral de respiração, deglutição de pastoso e detalhamentos específicos para a faixa etária. Acrescentou-se um manual operacional e uma tabela para registro de escores. CONCLUSÃO: O Protocolo AMIOFE-E Lactentes e respectivo manual operacional foram validados quanto ao conteúdo e aparência, e poderá contribuir no diagnóstico miofuncional orofacial na faixa etária de 6 a 24 meses de idade.

Orofacial motor functions in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea and implications for myofunctional therapy.

OBJECTIVES: The purposes of this study were (1) to identify possible differences in muscular and orofacial functions between children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and with primary snoring (PS); (2) to examine the standardized difference between normal values of myofunctional scores and those of subjects with OSA or PS; and (3) to identify the features associated with OSA. METHODS: Participants were 39 children (mean age 8 ± 1.2 years) of which, 27 had a diagnosis of OSA and 12 had PS. All participants were examined by an otorhinolaryngologist and underwent overnight polysomnography. Orofacial characteristics were determined through a validated protocol of orofacial myofunctional evaluation with scores (OMES), surface electromyography of masticatory muscles, and measurements of maximal lip and tongue strength. Reference values in the OMES were included to quantify the standardized difference (effect size = ES) relative to the groups studied and in the regression analysis. RESULTS: The OSA group had lower scores in breathing and deglutition, more unbalanced masticatory muscle activities than PS group (P < 0.05), but both groups had similar reductions in orofacial strength. OSA had a large ES (Cohen's d > 0.8) in all analysed OMES scores, while PS group showed small and medium differences in breathing and mastication scores, respectively. The mobility of the stomatognathic components score was the most important to contribute for group status (57%, P < 0.0001) in the regression analysis. CONCLUSION: Children with tonsillar hypertrophy and OSA had relevant impairments in orofacial functions and lesser muscular coordination than children with PS.

Computerized protocol of orofacial myofunctional evaluation with scores: usability and validity.

PURPOSE: To test the usability of Computerized Orofacial Myofunctional Evaluation (OMES) protocol and analyze its validity. METHODS: The study was divided into three stages: the first stage, production of the computerized version of OMES. The second stage was the validation of the user's interface, in which 100 OMES protocols of a database, filled in printed version, were transferred using the computerized instrument. Necessary changes to the system have occurred at this stage. In the third stage, usability of the OMES protocol in multimedia version, three evaluators transferred data from other 25 printed protocols from database for the computerized version, and the time to transfer the data of each protocol was computed and compared between examiners by one-way ANOVA. Moreover, these evaluators analyzed the usability of computerized protocol according to the "Ten principles of Heuristics usability" as described in the literature. RESULTS: The computerized protocol satisfied the principles of heuristics usability, according to the evaluation of the three Speech-Language Pathology evaluators, and the average time spent by the evaluators to transpose the data of each protocol to the software ranged from 3.1 ± 0.75 to 3.83 ± 0.91 minutes. CONCLUSION: The Computerized AMIOFE protocol is valid and had its usability/functionality confirmed.

Computerized protocol of orofacial myofunctional evaluation with scores: usability and validity / Protocolo de Avaliação Miofuncional Orofacial com Escores Informatizado: usabilidade e validade

PURPOSE: To test the usability of Computerized Orofacial Myofunctional Evaluation (OMES) protocol and analyze its validity. METHODS: The study was divided into three stages: the first stage, production of the computerized version of OMES. The second stage was the validation of the user's interface, in which 100 OMES protocols of a database, filled in printed version, were transferred using the computerized instrument. Necessary changes to the system have occurred at this stage. In the third stage, usability of the OMES protocol in multimedia version, three evaluators transferred data from other 25 printed protocols from database for the computerized version, and the time to transfer the data of each protocol was computed and compared between examiners by one-way ANOVA. Moreover, these evaluators analyzed the usability of computerized protocol according to the "Ten principles of Heuristics usability" as described in the literature. RESULTS: The computerized protocol satisfied the principles of heuristics usability, according to the evaluation of the three Speech-Language Pathology evaluators, and the average time spent by the evaluators to transpose the data of each protocol to the software ranged from 3.1±0.75 to 3.83±0.91 minutes. CONCLUSION: The Computerized AMIOFE protocol is valid and had its usability/functionality confirmed. .

OBJETIVO: Testar a usabilidade do protocolo de Avaliação Miofuncional Orofacial com Escores (AMIOFE) Informatizado e analisar a validade do mesmo. MÉTODOS: Estudo dividido em três etapas: a primeira, produção da versão informatizada do AMIOFE. A segunda etapa consistiu na validação da interface do usuário, na qual 100 protocolos AMIOFE de um banco de dados, preenchidos em versão impressa, foram transferidos empregando o instrumento informatizado. Alterações necessárias no sistema ocorreram nessa etapa. Na terceira etapa, usabilidade da versão multimídia do protocolo AMIOFE, três avaliadoras transferiram os dados de outros 25 protocolos do banco de dados para a versão informatizada, sendo que o tempo para a transferência dos dados de cada protocolo foi computado e comparado entre os examinadores pelo teste ANOVA one-way. Além disso, essas avaliadoras analisaram a usabilidade do protocolo informatizado de acordo com os "Dez princípios de usabilidade Heurística", como descritos na literatura. RESULTADOS: O protocolo informatizado satisfez aos princípios de usabilidade heurística, de acordo com a avaliação das três avaliadoras fonoaudiólogas, e o tempo médio despendido pelas avaliadoras para a transposição dos dados de cada protocolo para o software variou de 3,1±0,75 a 3,83±0,91 minutos. CONCLUSÃO: O protocolo AMIOFE Informatizado é válido e teve sua usabilidade/funcionalidade confirmada. .

Expanded protocol of orofacial myofunctional evaluation with scores: Validity and reliability.

OBJECTIVE: Clinical evaluation of the stomatognathic system is indispensable for the diagnosis of orofacial myofunctional disorders. In order to obtain a more precise diagnosis, the protocol of orofacial myofunctional evaluation with scores (OMES protocol) (Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. 72 (2008) 367-375) was expanded in terms of number of items and scale amplitude. The proposal of this study is to describe the expanded OMES protocol (OMES-E) for the evaluation of children. Validity of the protocol, reliability of the examiners and agreement between them were analyzed, as also were the sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of the instrument. METHODS: The sample consisted of videorecorded images of 50 children, 25 boys (mean age=8.4 years, SD=1.8) and 25 girls (mean age=8.2 years, SD=1.7) selected at random from 200 samples. Three speech therapists prepared for orofacial myofunctional evaluation participated as examiners (E). The OMES and OMES-E protocols were used for evaluation on different days. E1 evaluated all images, E2 analyzed children with recordings from 1 to 25 and E3 analyzed children with recordings from 26 to 50. The validity of OMES-E was analyzed by comparing the instrument to the OMES protocol using the Pearson correlation test complemented with the split-half reliability test (p<0.05). The linear weighted Kappa coefficient of agreement (Kw'), the sensitivity, specificity and predictive values and the prevalence of OMD were calculated. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant correlation between the OMES and OMES-E protocols (0.79>r<0.94, p<0.01) and a significant test-retest correlation with the OMES-E (0.75>r<0.86, p<0.01), with a reliability range of 0.86-0.93. The correlation and reliability coefficients between examiners were: E1×E2 (r=0.74, 0.84), E1×E3 (r=0.70, 0.83) (p<0.01). Kw' coefficients with moderate and good strength predominated. The OMES-E protocol presented mean sensitivity=0.91, specificity=0.77, positive predictive value=0.87 and negative predictive value=0.85. The mean prevalence of OMD was 0.58. CONCLUSION: The OMES-E protocol is valid and reliable for orofacial myofunctional evaluation.

Relationship between age, percentage of consonants correct and speech rate.

BACKGROUND: There is a lack of information regarding the relationship between age, speech rate and speech performance. AIM: To analyze and to compare the performance of children according to age, Percentage of Consonants Correct (PCC) and speech rate, and to determine the relationship between these variables. METHOD: Participants of this study were two hundred children divided in three different age groups: 6:0 to 8:0 years (Group I), 8:1 to 10:0 years (Group II), and 10:1 to 12:6 years (Group III). The following tests were used: speech rate tasks, imitation and picture naming (ABFW-Language test for children) and the Percentage of Consonants Correct (PCC) was calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA for inter-group analysis, followed by the Tukey Test. The coefficient of Pearson Correlation was used to analyze the relationship between age, speech rate and speech performance (PCC). RESULTS: There was a significant difference between the PCC and speech rate when comparing the three groups (p<0.001). Regarding speech rate test, using /pataka/ as a stimulus, there were significant differences between Group I and the two other groups (p<0.01). There was a significant and positive correlation between age, the PCC and speech rate (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Speech performance, measured by the PCC, and speech rate increased according to age, resulting in significant differences between the three age groups. The increase of the PCC indexes and of speech rate were directly proportional.

Relações entre idade, porcentagem de consoantes corretas e velocidade de fala / Relationship between age, percentage of consoants correct and speech rate

TEMA: faltam informações a respeito da relação entre idade, velocidade de fala e desempenho na fala. OBJETIVO: analisar e comparar o desempenho de crianças, de acordo com a faixa etária, quanto ao índice de porcentagem de consoantes corretas (PCC) e medidas de velocidade de fala, bem como determinar a relação entre essas variáveis. MÉTODO: os participantes deste estudo foram duzentas crianças agrupadas em três faixas etárias: 6:0 a 8:0 anos (Grupo I), 8:1 a 10:0 anos (Grupo II); 10:1 a 12:6 anos (Grupo III). Foram aplicados testes de velocidade de fala, de nomeação de figuras e imitação de vocábulos (ABFW - Teste de Linguagem Infantil) e calculados os índices porcentagem de consoantes corretas (PCC). A análise de variância (ANOVA) foi utilizada para a comparação do desempenho dos grupos, seguida pelo teste de Tukey. Para analisar a relação entre idade, velocidade de fala e PCC foi utilizado o teste de correlação de Pearson. RESULTADOS: houve diferença significante entre os três grupos quanto ao PCC e a velocidade de fala (p < 0,001). De acordo com o teste de velocidade de fala usando o estímulo /pataka/, houve diferenças significantes entre o grupo I e os outros dois grupos (p < 0,01). Houve correlação positiva e significante entre idade, desempenho nas tarefas de PCC e velocidade de fala (p < 0,05). CONCLUSÃO: o desempenho na fala, medido pelo PCC, e a velocidade de fala aumentaram de acordo com a faixa etária, resultando em diferenças significantes entre os grupos. O aumento do PCC e da velocidade de fala foram diretamente proporcionais

BACKGROUND: there is a lack of information regarding the relationship between age, speech rate and speech performance. AIM: to analyze and to compare the performance of children according to age, Percentage of Consonants Correct (PCC) and speech rate, and to determine the relationship between these variables. METHOD: participants of this study were two hundred children divided in three different age groups: 6:0 to 8:0 years (Group I), 8:1 to 10:0 years (Group II), and 10:1 to 12:6 years (Group III). The following tests were used: speech rate tasks, imitation and picture naming (ABFW - Language test for children) and the Percentage of Consonants Correct (PCC) was calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA for inter-group analysis, followed by the Tukey Test. The coefficient of Pearson Correlation was used to analyze the relationship between age, speech rate and speech performance (PCC). RESULTS: there was a significant difference between the PCC and speech rate when comparing the three groups (p<0.001). Regarding speech rate test, using /pataka/ as a stimulus, there were significant differences between Group I and the two other groups (p<0.01). There was a significant and positive correlation between age, the PCC and speech rate (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: speech performance, measured by the PCC, and speech rate increased according to age, resulting in significant differences between the three age groups. The increase of the PCC indexes and of speech rate were directly proportional