ABSTRACT
An express method has been elaborated for identification of human and bovine species mycobacteria in the polymerase chain reaction. The high specificity of the technique and simplicity of material preparation for research make the experimental procedure simple and quick, permitting one to identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis directly in pathogenic material.
Subject(s)
Mycobacterium/classification , Animals , Base Sequence , Cattle , DNA, Single-Stranded , Humans , Molecular Sequence Data , Mycobacterium/genetics , Mycobacterium/isolation & purification , Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
In six cats with chronically implanted brain electrodes conditioned running to the feeding trough was elaborated in response to electrical stimulation of the ventral hippocampal formation (VHF), which at first produced inhibition of running. The stages of conditioning were as follows: 1) inhibition of conditioned activity; 2) replacement of inhibition by more frequent runnings--generalization of the conditioned reflex; 3) enhancement of signal significance of VHF electrical stimulation and subsequent decrease of intersignal reactions. Conditioned reflex to electrical stimulation of CA1 field was elaborated slower than that to electrical stimulation of other VHF points. At the beginning of conditioning a periodic decrease of probability of conditioned reactions manifestation was observed, which is estimated as an additional characteristic of the hippocampus activity.
Subject(s)
Conditioning, Classical/physiology , Cues , Hippocampus/physiology , Animals , Brain Mapping , Cats , Electric Stimulation , Extinction, Psychological/physiology , Food , Generalization, Psychological/physiology , Inhibition, Psychological , Memory/physiologyABSTRACT
In cats, with electrodes implanted in the lateral hypothalamus a dependence was obtained of self-stimulation frequency (SSF) on paired changes of current strength and each of other stimulation parameters-duration, pulse duration and frequency. In some cases these parameters may independently affect SSF but generally they are in interaction. For stimulation with electrodes located at the level of the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus, two-peak dependences of SSF on the current strength and the duration of stimulation pulses were obtained. An attempt to describe empirical response surfaces with a regression equation with members of not higher than 4-th order led to an insufficient accuracy of approximation as compared to the results obtained previously on rats. The cause of this insufficiency as well as two-peacked SSF dependencies are discussed in terms of morphofunctional heterogeneity of activated brain structures.
