Clinical, Anamnestic, and Demographic Characteristics of Patients with Myocardial Infarction in Russian Federation According to the Russian Registry of Acute Myocardial Infarction - REGION-IM.

AIM: Based on data from the Russian REGION-MI registry, to characterize patients with myocardial infarction (MI) hospitalized in Russian hospitals, describe their historical, demographic, and clinical characteristics, and compare the results with the data of previous Russian and international registries of acute coronary syndrome. MATERIAL AND METHODS: REGION-MI is a multicenter prospective observational study. The follow-up period was divided into three stages: during the hospital stay, at 6 and 12 months after the inclusion in the registry. Demographic and historic data and information about the present case of MI were entered into the patient's individual record card. RESULTS: The median age of all patients was 63 years; 68% of patients were men. The mean age of women was older than that of men. Among all MI cases, 70% were ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) were older and had more comorbidities than patients with STEMI. The median time from the first symptoms to ECG recording was two hours, and from the first symptoms to CAG 7 hours. CAG was performed in 91% of patients with STEMI and 84% of patients with NSTEMI. Stenting was performed in 69% of patients. Although many patients had a complicated cardiovascular history, at the time of admission only 31.5% of patients were taking at least one drug from the groups of antiplatelets, oral anticoagulants, statins, and beta-blockers. CONCLUSION: Patients with MI in the Russian Federation are younger than patients with MI in European countries. Among the clinical and historical characteristics, conspicuous is the presence of modifiable risk factors in many patients, as well as the presence of a previous diagnosis of ischemic heart disease. Furthermore, a small proportion of patients took statins, antiplatelet agents or anticoagulants at the outpatient stage, which indicates a great reserve of both primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases in the Russian Federation. The delayed seeking medical help is also noticeable, which indicates the need for increasing the public awareness of the symptoms of MI and the importance of timely hospitalization.

In Vitro Effects of Sodium Nitroprusside and L-Nω-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME) on Activity of Lysosomal Cysteine Proteinases and Lysosomal Membrane Permeability.

The direct effect of 5 mM L-NAME and 0.1 mM sodium nitroprusside on activity of lysosomal cysteine proteinases and permeability of lysosomal membrane was studied in vitro after 1, 2, and 4 h of incubation. Isolated from the liver of intact female rats lysosome suspensions were used. Both substances reduced total activity of cathepsin H and did not affect cathepsin B at all time intervals. L-NAME increased cathepsin L activity at all incubation times, while sodium nitroprusside increased activity of this enzyme after 2-h incubation and reduced it incubation after 4-h incubation. L-NAME demonstrated a membrane-destabilizing effect in in vitro experiments, while sodium nitroprusside on the contrary stabilized lysosomal membranes.

Complex Identifcation of Red Yeast Isolate from Gastrointestinal Tract of Hucul Long-Liver (Carpathians, Ukraine).

The red yeasts are currently widely discussed and controversial group of yeasts because of the growing number of reports of their ability to become opportunistic pathogens of plants, animals and humans. The aim of this work was complex identifcation of the red yeast culture isolated from gastrointestinal tract of healthy Hucul long-liver from the Carpathians highland region of Ukraine. Torularhodin was found to be a major component within yeast culture carotenoids complex. According to conventional biochemical and morphological approaches as well as to molecular biological investigation of internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of ribosomal operon it was concluded that isolate belonged to species Rhodotorula mucilaginosa.

[WET-MODE SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY AS AN INSTRUMENT FOR STUDIES OF BIOGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES OF FUNGAL BIOMINERALS FORMATION].

The aim of this work was to examine the potential of the use of one of the modern approaches in scanning electron microscopy--the wet mode ESEM to study biogeochemical processes of biominerals formation by micromycetes. The object of the study was microscopic fungus Beauveria caledonica known for its ability to transform metals and minerals. In response to the presence of copper phosphate in the medium, it was observed the abundant formation of copper oxalate crystals in fungal mycelium. Optimal visualization at wet mode was achieved at the sample chamber pressure around 6 torr and relative humidity 85 - 90%. The comparison of the observations obtained using high-vacuum mode and wet mode scanning electron microscopy showed that in their natural state fungal hyphae and mycelial cords are surrounded by thick hydrated mucilaginous sheath which serves as a matrix for biogeochemical processes of secondary minerals formation and growth. The wet mode and high-vacuum mode scanning electron microscopies complement each other in comprehensive study of biogeochemical role of microscopic fungi in transformations of metals and minerals.

[Oxidative carbonylation of vascular wall proteins in dynamics of experimental venous thrombosis].

The objects of the study were a total of 24 conventional sexually mature Wistar rats weighing 200-400 g. Thrombosis was modelled by means of ligation of the common iliac vein. Animals were withdrawn from the study on days 1, 3 and 5 after intervention. The materials for the study in each animal were homogenates of the vein portion below the site of ligation (thrombosed vein) and the portion of the symmetrical vessel (intact vein). Taken as controls were portions of the common iliac vein of intact animals matched by age, body weight, and keeping conditions. The level of spontaneous and induced in the Fenton reaction oxidative carbonylation of proteins was determined by means of carbonyl derivatives according to the R.L. Levine technique modified by E.E. Dubinina with optical registration of the formed dinitrophenylhydrazines at 356, 370, 430 and 530 nm. The reserve-and-adaptation potential was assessed by means of counting the ratio of the amount of carbonyl derivatives of proteins in spontaneous and induced oxidation. The obtained findings showed that experimental thrombosis is accompanied and followed by an increase in the content of carbonyl derivatives of proteins in the wall of thrombosed veins and, to a lesser degree, in that of intact veins. The maximal elevation of the parameters was registered during the first 24 hours of the development of pathology, demonstrating not only early but late markers of oxidative modification of proteins. Thrombosed veins on day 3 were found to have a decrease in the content of carbonylated proteins to the level of the control values, which was associated with a maximal value of the reserve-adaptation potential. However, day five was marked by a secondary increase in carbonylation accompanied by certain exhaustion of the reserve-adaptive potential. In intact veins, a decrease of the spontaneous oxidative modification level on day 3 was accompanied by a splash of induced carbonylation followed by stabilization of the parameters at the levels slightly exceeding the control values by day 5.

[Leaching of calcium, silicon, aluminum and iron from micromycetes grown in submerged culture in the presence of ground concrete]. / Vyshchelachivanie kal'tsiia, kremniia, aliuminiia i zheleza pri roste mikromitsetov v prisutstvii izmel'chennogo betona v usloviiakh glubinnogo kul'tivirovaniia.

The leaching of chemical elements from concrete by microfungi of genera Aspergillus and Cladosporium during fungal growth on the medium containing ground barrier concrete under submerged conditions has been studied. It was shown that the leaching of chemical elements depended on the process of growth and metabolites excretion, on fungi species and on concrete concentration on the medium. Specificity of metals mobilization by different fungi was found.