Shorter versus longer-course of antibiotic therapy for urinary tract infections in pediatric population: an updated meta-analysis.

Urinary tract infections (UTI) affect between 3% to 7.5% of the febrile pediatric population each year, being one of the most common bacterial infections in pediatrics. Nevertheless, there is no consensus in the medical literature regarding the duration of per oral (p.o.) antibiotic therapy for UTI among these patients. Therefore, our meta-analysis aims to assess the most effective therapy length in this scenario. PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing short (≤ 5 days) with long-course (≥ 7 days) per os (p.o.) antibiotic therapy for children with UTI. Statistical analysis was performed using R Studio version 4.2.1, heterogeneity was assessed with I2 statistics, and the risk of bias was evaluated using the RoB-2 tool. Risk Ratios (RR) with p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Seventeen studies involving 1666 pediatric patients were included. Of these, 890 patients (53.4%) were randomized to receive short-course therapy. Patients undergoing short-course therapy showed higher treatment failure rates (RR 1.61; 95% CI 1.15-2.27; p = 0.006). Furthermore, there were no statistically significant differences between groups regarding reinfection (RR 0.73; 95% CI 0.47-1.13; p = 0156) and relapse rates (RR 1.47; 95% CI 0.8-2.71; p = 0.270).  Conclusion: In summary, our results suggest that long-course p.o. antibiotic therapy is associated with a lower rate of treatment failure when compared to short-course p.o. antibiotic therapy. There was no statistical difference between both courses regarding reinfection and relapse rates within 15 months.    PROSPERO identifier: CRD42023456745. What is Known: • Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in children, affecting around 7.5% of those under 18. • The optimal duration of antibiotic treatment for pediatric UTIs has been a subject of debate. What is New: • Short-course therapy (5 or fewer days) was associated with a significantly higher failure rate when compared to long-course therapy. • There was no significant difference in reinfection and relapse rates within 15 months between short and long-course therapy.

Prophylactic tranexamic acid in Cesarean delivery: an updated meta-analysis with a trial sequential analysis.

PURPOSE: Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide. Although several studies on the prophylactic use of tranexamic acid (TXA) in parturients undergoing Cesarean delivery have been published, conflicting results raise questions regarding its use. Thus, we aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of PPH prophylaxis with TXA. SOURCE: We searched PubMed®, Embase, Cochrane Central, and ClinicalTrials.gov for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing prophylactic TXA with placebo or no treatment in parturients undergoing Cesarean delivery. Our main outcomes were PPH, any blood transfusion, need for additional uterotonics, and adverse events. We performed a trial sequential analysis (TSA) of all outcomes to investigate the reliability and conclusiveness of findings. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We included 38 RCTs including 22,940 parturients, 11,535 (50%) of whom were randomized to receive prophylactic TXA. Patients treated with TXA had significantly fewer cases of PPH (risk ratio [RR], 0.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.38 to 0.69; P < 0.001); less blood transfusion (RR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.30 to 0.61; P < 0.001), and less use of additional uterotonics (RR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.40 to 0.68; P < 0.001). No significant differences were found between the groups in terms of adverse effects and thromboembolic events. CONCLUSION: Prophylactic TXA administration for parturients undergoing Cesarean delivery significantly reduced blood loss, without increasing adverse events, supporting its use as a safe and effective strategy for reducing PPH in this population. STUDY REGISTRATION: PROSPERO (CRD42023422188); first submitted 27 April 2023.

RéSUMé: OBJECTIF: L'hémorragie du post-partum (HPP) est l'une des principales causes de mortalité maternelle dans le monde. Bien que plusieurs études sur l'utilisation prophylactique d'acide tranexamique (TXA) chez les personnes parturientes ayant accouché par césarienne aient été publiées, des résultats contradictoires soulèvent des questions quant à son utilisation. Ainsi, nous avons cherché à étudier l'innocuité et l'efficacité de la prophylaxie à base de TXA pour l'HPP. SOURCES: Nous avons fait une recherche sur PubMed®, Embase, Cochrane Central et ClinicalTrials.gov pour en tirer les études randomisées contrôlées (ERC) comparant le TXA prophylactique à un placebo ou à l'absence de traitement chez les personnes parturientes accouchant par césarienne. Nos principaux critères d'évaluation étaient l'HPP, toute transfusion sanguine, la nécessité d'un utérotonique supplémentaire et les événements indésirables. Nous avons effectué une analyse séquentielle des études pour tous les résultats afin d'examiner la fiabilité et le caractère concluant des conclusions. CONSTATATIONS PRINCIPALES: Nous avons inclus 38 ERC comprenant 22 940 personnes parturientes, dont 11 535 (50 %) ont été randomisées pour recevoir du TXA prophylactique. La patientèle traitée par TXA présentait significativement moins de cas d'HPP (risque relatif [RR], 0,51; intervalle de confiance [IC] à 95 %, 0,38 à 0,69; P < 0,001); moins de transfusion sanguine (RR, 0,43; IC 95 %, 0,30 à 0,61; P < 0,001) et moins d'utilisation d'utérotoniques supplémentaires (RR, 0,52; IC 95 %, 0,40 à 0,68; P < 0,001). Aucune différence significative n'a été constatée entre les groupes en termes d'effets indésirables et d'événements thromboemboliques. CONCLUSION: L'administration prophylactique de TXA pour les personnes parturientes accouchant par césarienne a considérablement réduit les pertes de sang sans augmenter les événements indésirables, ce qui soutient son utilisation comme stratégie sécuritaire et efficace pour réduire l'HPP dans cette population. ENREGISTREMENT DE L'éTUDE: PROSPERO (CRD42023422188); première soumission le 27 avril 2023.

Pressure Support Ventilation Versus T-piece as Spontaneous Breathing Trials for Extubation of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

BACKGROUND: Weaning patients with COPD from mechanical ventilation (MV) presents a challenge, as literature on this topic is limited. This study compares PSV and T-piece during spontaneous breathing trials (SBT) in this specific population. METHODS: A search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane in September 2023 yielded four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) encompassing 560 patients. Among these, 287 (51%) used T-piece during SBTs. RESULTS: The PSV group demonstrated a significant improvement in the successful extubation rate compared to the T-piece (risk ratio [RR] 1.14; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-1.26; p = 0.02). Otherwise, there was no statistically significant difference in the reintubation (RR 1.07; 95% CI 0.79-1.45; p = 0.67) or the ICU mortality rates (RR 0.99; 95% CI 0.63-1.55; p = 0.95). CONCLUSION: Although PSV in SBTs exhibits superior extubation success, consistent weaning protocols warrant further exploration through additional studies.

Hospitalisations and fatality due to respiratory diseases according to a national database in Brazil: a longitudinal study.

BACKGROUND: Respiratory diseases (RDs) cause millions of hospitalisations and deaths worldwide, resulting in economic and social impacts. Strategies for health promotion and disease prevention based on the epidemiological profile of the population may reduce hospital costs. AIM: To characterise hospitalisations and deaths due to RDs in Brazilian adults above 20 years old between 2008 and 2021. METHODS: This ecological study used secondary data of hospitalisations and deaths due to RDs from the Hospital Information System of the Brazilian Unified Health System between 2008 and 2021. Data were grouped according to region, age group and sex. The period was divided into first (2008-2011), second (2012-2015) and third (2016-2019) quadrennia and one biennium (2020-2021), and all data were analysed using the GraphPad Prism; statistical significance was set at p<0.05. RESULTS: A total of 9 502 378 hospitalisations due to RDs were registered between 2008 and 2021. The south and southeast regions presented the highest hospitalisation and fatality rate, respectively, in the age group ≥80 years with no significant differences between sexes. Also, RDs caused 1 170 504 deaths, with a national fatality rate of 12.32%. CONCLUSION: RDs affected the Brazilian population and impaired the health system, especially the hospital environment. The south/southeast regions were the most affected, and the ageing process contributed to the increased incidence of RDs.

The impact of the strategic action plan to combat chronic non-communicable diseases on hospital admissions and deaths from cardiovascular diseases in Brazil.

Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) are the main causes of death worldwide, responsible for millions of hospital admissions per year, especially cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Several strategies for controlling and coping with these diseases have been developed in several countries. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of the Strategic Action Plan to Combat NCDs (2011-2022) on hospital admissions, deaths and mortality rate in Brazil, classified by CVD. This is a descriptive study, with secondary data from the Hospital Information System of the Unified Health System (SIH/SUS). Hospital admissions, deaths and mortality rate due to CVD in the Brazilian population aged over 20 years were analyzed, according to region, sex and age group. Statistical analysis was performed using the GraphPad Prism program. Data normality was assessed using the Komogorov Smirnov test and the comparison between groups and year periods was performed using the two-way ANOVA test with Tukey's post hoc test. A value of p<0.05 was considered significant. In this study, in most analyses, a reduction in the hospitalization rates of the adult population was observed after the implementation of the plan, however, there was no improvement in relation to the number of deaths and mortality rate from CVD. This shows that there is still a long way to go to reduce the impact of these diseases in Brazil, and they reaffirm the need for and importance of maintaining the prevention of their risk factors, the social determinants of health and the reorganization of care in the face of to population aging. Such findings contribute with information that allow better control and monitoring of CVD and should be considered when implementing new strategies for prevention, care and control of risk factors.

Time trend of Brazilian hospital admissions and deaths due to asthma among children and teenagers, 1998-2019.

BACKGROUND: Asthma is one of the most prevalent non-communicable diseases worldwide. The aim of this study was to characterize the distribution of Brazilian hospital admissions due to asthma among children and teenagers between 1998 and 2019, as well as to analyze hospital admission incidence and mortality rate during the period according to the geographic region, age group and gender. METHODS: This is a descriptive time trend study using secondary data regarding hospital admissions and lethality registered in the Brazilian System of Hospital Information of the Brazilian Public Health System (SIH/SUS) due to asthma (ICD-10) in subjects aged from 0 to 19 years old between 1998 and 2019. The following variables were collected: number and place of hospital admissions classified by the ICD-10, absolute values and frequency by age group, gender and lethality. Statistical analysis was performed by GraphPad Prism version 5.0 software. RESULTS: The total number of hospital admissions due to asthma was 3,138,064. It was observed that children aged between 1 to 4 years, living in the Northeast region and males showed the highest number of hospitalizations. A 74.37% reduction over a 21-year period was found. The lethality rate found in the study was 0.06, with the highest rates being from the Northeast region, males and < 1-year-old. CONCLUSION: Hospital admissions were more prevalent in young children, male gender and in the Northeast region. A decrease of hospital admissions and lethality rate was observed in all groups over time. This profile is important for implementing government strategies to lower hospital admissions and decrease costs.

Diabetes mellitus hospitalization and mortality rate according to a national database in Brazil: a longitudinal study.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an important public health problem worldwide. In addition to the impairment in functionality, the large number of complications which lead to hospitalizations results in high treatment costs. The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence of hospitalizations, mortality rate and hospital costs, as well as to observe the temporal trend of hospitalizations and length of hospital stay due to DM between 2008 and 2019 in Brazil. METHODS: This is a longitudinal descriptive study in which all data regarding hospital admissions registered in the Brazilian system of Hospital Information of "Sistema Único de Saúde" (SIH/SUS; http://datasus.saude.gov.br ) due to DM (ICD-10) were included. Comparisons among the groups were performed by an unpaired Student's t-test, two-way ANOVA with a Tukey post hoc test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: An increased hospitalization of 1.83% due to DM was observed between 2008 and 2019 in Brazil. The Southeastern region had the highest incidence (34.6%) and mortality rate when compared to the other regions (p < 0.05). We also found that females were more likely to be hospitalized in comparison to males, without a statistically significant difference. Finally, a progressive increase of hospitalizations and mortality rate were observed according to age groups, as well as increased spending due to DM hospitalizations over the years. CONCLUSION: Hospitalizations due to DM in Brazil showed an expressive increase over the last 12 years, and there is a need for primary healthcare interventions to help reduce this situation.

Hospitalização em oncologia pediátrica e desenvolvimento infantil: interfaces entre aspectos cognitivos e afetivos / Hospitalization in pediatric oncology and child development: cognitive and affective interface / Hospitalización en oncología pediátrica y desarrollo infantil: interfaces entre aspectos cognitivos y afectivos

O diagnóstico e o tratamento de câncer na infância exigem que a criança construa formas de enfrentamento, o que torna relevante compreender sua percepção e o modo como se organiza cognitivamente. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar de que maneira os processos de hospitalização e tratamento são compreendidos pelos participantes diante da vivência de neoplasia infantil, considerando a etapa de desenvolvimento cognitivo e afetivo, de acordo com a perspectiva piagetiana. Foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa no ambulatório de oncologia pediátrica em um hospital da Baixada Santista, com entrevistas semiestruturadas, provas piagetianas e desenhos-estórias com tema, com uma amostra de conveniência de cinco crianças com entre 4 e 9 anos e com diagnóstico de leucemia. Os dados foram categorizados pela análise de conteúdo temática de Bardin (1988), as provas piagetianas de acordo com a teoria de Piaget e os desenhos-estórias a partir de Trinca (2002). Duas crianças (com 4 e 6 anos) se caracterizaram como pré-operatórias e três (com 8 e 9 anos) como operatórias concretas, sendo observado que as pré-operatórias apresentam um discurso com alta carga simbólica sobre o sofrimento da hospitalização e tratamento, enquanto crianças operatório-concretas demonstram domínio da noção de causa e consequência e pensamento lógico. Uma comparação qualitativa entre as provas piagetianas e os desenhos indicou coerência entre os tipos de avaliação. Todos os participantes mostram compreensão de sua atual situação de adoecimento e tratamento, apresentando diferentes formas de enfrentamento. Além disso, todos ressaltaram uma posição otimista em relação às perspectivas de cura, independentemente do momento do desenvolvimento cognitivo.(AU)

Diagnosing and treating childhood cancer requires children to develop coping strategies, indicating the need for understanding their perception and cognitive organization. Thus, this study aimed to understand how participants perceive the process of hospitalization and treatment for childhood neoplasia according to Piaget's stages of cognitive and affective development. This is a qualitative study conducted with a convenience sample of five children aged between 4 and 9 years, diagnosed with Leukemia and treated at a pediatric oncology outpatient clinic in a hospital in Baixada Santista, São Paulo, Brazil. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, Piagetian proofs, and thematic drawing-and-story procedure and analyzed in the light of Bardin's Thematic Content Analysis (1988), Piaget's theory, and Trinca's theory (2002), respectively. Two children (4 and 6 years old) were characterized as preoperative and three (8 and 9 years old) as concrete operative. The discourse of preoperative children included high levels of symbolism regarding the suffering arising from hospitalization and the effects of treatment, while concrete-operative children demonstrated mastery of the notion of cause and consequence and logical thinking. A qualitative comparison between Piagetian Proofs and drawings showed consistency between the types of evaluation. All participants show an understanding of their current condition and treatment, presenting different forms of coping. They also highlighted an optimistic position regarding the prospects for healing, regardless of their cognitive development stage.(AU)

El diagnóstico y tratamiento de cáncer infantil requiere del niño la construcción de formas de enfrentamiento de la enfermedad, lo que hace relevante la necesidad de comprender su percepción y el modo cómo se organiza cognitivamente. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo caracterizar de qué manera el proceso de hospitalización y tratamiento por neoplasia infantil son comprendidos por los participantes, considerando su etapa de desarrollo cognitivo según la perspectiva piagetiana. Se realizó una investigación cualitativa en el ambulatorio de oncología pediátrica en un hospital de la Baixada Santista (Brasil), con entrevistas semiestructuradas, pruebas piagetianas y dibujos-historias con tema, con una muestra de cinco niños de entre 4 y 9 años de edad y con diagnóstico de leucemia. Los datos fueron categorizados por el análisis de contenido temático de Bardin (1988), las pruebas piagetianas de acuerdo con la teoría de Piaget y los dibujos-historias mediante Trinca (2002). Dos niños (con 4 y 6 años) se caracterizaron en la etapa preoperacional, y tres (con 8 y 9 años) en la de operaciones concretas, siendo observado que los niños en la etapa preoperacional presentan un discurso con alta carga simbólica sobre el sufrimiento de la hospitalización y tratamiento, mientras que niños en la de operaciones concretas tienen dominio de la noción de causa y consecuencia y pensamiento lógico. Una comparación cualitativa entre las pruebas piagetianas y los dibujos mostró coherencia entre los tipos de evaluación. Todos los participantes comprendían su actual situación de enfermedad y tratamiento, presentando diferentes formas de enfrentamiento. Además, todos resaltaron una actitud optimista en relación a las perspectivas de curación, independiente del momento del desarrollo cognitivo.(AU)

Characterization of Brazilian hospital admissions due to cardiovascular diseases: a longitudinal study.

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the main cause of death and comorbidities worldwide. It is estimated that three quarters of all deaths related to CVD occur in low and middle income countries such as Brazil. Furthermore, it is estimated that emerging countries will present the highest worldwide prevalence of such diseases by 2050. In view of the above, this study aims to characterize Brazilian hospital admission distribution classified by the ICD-10 in adults between 2008 and 2017 in Brazil. METHODS: This is a longitudinal descriptive study in which all data regarding hospital admissions registered in the Brazilian Hospital Information System of "Sistema Único de Saúde" (SIH/SUS) due to cardiovascular diseases (ICD-10) were included. All admissions from private or public services linked to the SUS from 2008 and 2017 were evaluated. The following variables were collected: number of hospital admissions, place of hospitalization classified by the ICD-10 and mortality rate at the federal level and according to regions. Absolute values and frequency of hospital admissions were grouped according to sex, age and living region as well as the number of deaths. The extracted data was stored in a Microsoft Excel 2013 program spreadsheet. Statistical analysis was performed by GraphPad Prism version 5.0 software. RESULTS: There was a total of 11,345,821 hospital admissions due to CVD registered between 2008 and 2017. Individuals from 50 to 79 years old were the most affected. Heart failure (21.3%), other ischemic heart diseases (13.3%) and stroke (11.4%) were responsible for almost half of the hospital admissions associated to CVD. The number of registered deaths caused by any CVD was 867,838 and the national mortality rate was 7.82. CONCLUSION: CVD were responsible for around 10% of all hospital admissions in Brazil between 2008 and 2017. Moreover, it was possible to observe a decrease in hospital admissions as well as mortality rate over time after implementing governmental strategies to prevent cardiovascular diseases.

Evolução dos livros de culinária brasileiros e sua relação com o cozinhar na contemporaneidade / The evolution of Brazilian cuisine books and its relationship with contemporary cooking habits

Introdução: Publicações culinárias são fontes de materiais de pesquisa cuja avaliação permite identificar hábitos culinários e estudar aspectos culturais, biológicos, econômicos, sociais e de comensalidade de um povo. Objetivo: Com o objetivo de compreender quando e por que a sociedade brasileira contemporânea perdeu progressivamente o hábito de cozinhar suas refeições, adotou-se esse objeto de estudo sob o olhar da Alimentação e Nutrição. Foram selecionados sete autores relevantes da história da culinária brasileira, englobando o período de 1840 a 2019. Método: O estudo abrangeu a leitura técnica, que observou elementos visuais e textuais, conteúdo geral e apresentação das receitas culinárias; a análise geral, identificando proposta e público-alvo de cada livro para contextualização de aspectos socioeconômicos e culturais de cada época; e a análise do conteúdo, que estudou ingredientes, detalhamento das técnicas de preparo, utensílios utilizados e observação das modificações dos hábitos culinários sob a perspectiva da Nutrição. Resultados: Observou-se que as obras mais antigas possuíam menos elementos visuais, menor detalhamento das receitas, menor utilização de produtos industrializados e eletrodomésticos e maior quantidade de receitas por página. A comparação dos conteúdos entre as obras mais antigas e mais recentes, em conjunto com a literatura pertinente, sugere uma redução do hábito de cozinhar, que pode ser percebida pelo maior detalhamento das receitas e maior utilização de recursos visuais, mostrando uma tentativa de simplificar as receitas. Foram percebidas, ainda, alterações importantes no padrão alimentar da população, resultado da perda progressiva do hábito de cozinhar e aumento do consumo de refeições prontas produzidas pela indústria. (AU)

Introduction: Culinary publications are sources of research materials whose evaluation allows identifying culinary habits and studying cultural, biological, economic, social, and commensal aspects of a people. Objective: In order to understand when and why contemporary Brazilian society gradually lost the habit of cooking its meals, this subject of study was adopted under the food and nutrition perspective. Seven relevant authors from the history of Brazilian cuisine were selected, covering the period from 1840 to 2019. Method: The study covered technical reading, which observed visual and textual elements, general content and presentation of culinary recipes; in the general analysis, we identified the proposal and target audience of each book to contextualize the socioeconomic and cultural aspects of each era; and in the content analysis, we studied ingredients, details of preparation techniques, utensils used, and observed the changes in culinary habits from the nutritional perspective. Results: It was observed that the older works had less visual elements, recipes were less detailed, and there was less use of industrialized products and household appliances and a greater amount of recipes per page. The comparison of the contents between the oldest and most recent works, together with the pertinent literature, suggests a reduction in the habit of cooking, which can be noticed by the greater detail of recipes and greater use of visual resources, showing an attempt to simplify recipes. Important changes were also noted in the population's dietary pattern, resulting from the progressive loss of the cooking habit and increased consumption of ready-to-eat meals produced by the industry. (AU)

Overweight and balance in schoolchildren: a case-control study / Excesso de peso e equilíbrio de escolares: estudo de caso controle

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of body mass index (BMI) on the postural balance of schoolchildren. This was a case-control study involving 128 students aged 6 to 9 years, divided into a case group (overweight) and a control group (eutrophic) of 64 subjects each. Static and dynamic balance was assessed using Fonseca's Psychomotor Battery. BMI was used as an indicator of nutritional status. Simple and relative frequencies, absolute numbers and the chi-square test were used for statistically analysis, with a level of significance of 5%. Most students performed better in dynamic than in static balance. Significant differences were only found for the subtask of standing on tiptoes in the static balance assessment (p<.05), with no significant differences in the other variables.

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a influência do índice de massa corporal no equilíbrio de escolares. Estudo de caso controle em que participaram 128 escolares de seis a nove anos, divididos em grupo caso (excesso de peso) e controle (eutróficos), cada um com 64 pessoas. Na avaliação de equilíbrio estático e dinâmico foi utilizada a Bateria Psicomotora. O IMC foi utilizado como indicador do estado nutricional. Para a análise estatística usou-se números absolutos, frequências e porcentagens e o teste de Qui Quadrado para comparação entre os grupos, com nível de significância de 5%. A maioria dos escolares apresenta melhor perfil psicomotor para o fator equilíbrio dinâmico do que no estático. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas apenas na subtarefa de ficar na ponta dos pés no equilíbrio estático (p<.05) sem diferenças significativas em outras variáveis.

[The relationship between oral habits, oronasopharyngeal alterations, and malocclusion in preschool children in Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil]. / Relação entre hábitos bucais, alterações oronasofaringianas e mal-oclusões em pré-escolares de Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil.

The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of malocclusion and associated variables such as deleterious habits (DH) and oronasopharyngeal alterations (OA), mouth breathing, atypical phonation, and atypical swallowing in three-year-old children in Vitória, Espírito Santo State, Brazil. The sample included 291 children of both sexes enrolled in a Children's Educational Center and selected through probability sampling by conglomerates. Logistic regression indicated a high relative risk (RR) in children with altered overjet, open bite, and cross-bite to present mouth breathing (RR = 1.89; CI: 1.56-2.03), (RR = 2.46; CI: 2.00-3.02), (RR = 1.45; CI: 1.23-1.72); atypical swallowing (RR = 2.57; CI: 1.87-3.52), (RR = 3.49; CI: 2.53-4.81), (RR = 1.86; CI: 1.46-2.39); and atypical phonation (RR = 2.25; CI: 1.66-3.05), (RR = 3.18; CI: 2.38-4.25), (RR = 1.71; CI: 1.32-2.22), respectively. An association was shown between finger or pacifier sucking and altered overjet (p < 0.001), and between pacifier sucking and open bite (p < 0.001). Such results indicate that the prevalence of malocclusions is associated with DH and OA.

Relação entre hábitos bucais, alterações oronasofaringianas e mal-oclusões em pré-escolares de Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil / The relationship between oral habits, oronasopharyngeal alterations, and malocclusion in preschool children in Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil

O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a prevalência das mal-oclusões e variáveis a elas associadas, como hábitos deletérios (HD) e as alterações oronasofaringianas (AO), respiração bucal, deglutição atípica e fonação atípica, em crianças com idade de três anos, no Município de Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil. A amostra constituiu-se de 291 crianças de ambos os sexos, matriculadas nos Centros de Educação Infantil, selecionadas por meio de amostragem probabilística por conglomerados. A análise de regressão logística indicou maior risco relativo (RR) de crianças com sobressaliência alterada, mordida aberta e mordida cruzada, em apresentar: respiração bucal (RR = 1,89; IC: 1,56-2,03), (RR = 2,46; IC: 2,00-3,02), (RR = 1,45; IC: 1,23-1,72); deglutição atípica (RR = 2,57; IC: 1,87-3,52), (RR = 3,49; IC: 2,53-4,81), (RR = 1,86; IC: 1,46-2,39) e fonação atípica (RR = 2,25; IC: 1,66-3,05), (RR = 3,18; IC: 2,38-4,25), (RR = 1,71; IC: 1,32-2,22), respectivamente. Foi mostrado haver associação entre sucção de dedo e de chupeta com sobressaliência alterada (p < 0,001) e sucção de chupeta e mordida aberta (p < 0,001). Esses resultados indicam que a prevalência das mal-oclusões está associada aos HD e às AO.

Avaliaçäo microbiológica do preparo biomecânico e de uma pasta obturadora de canais de dentes decíduos necrosados / Microbiologic evaluation of biomecanical preparation and of root canals filing past of the primay teeth

O presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de observar por meio de cultura microbiológica a eficiência do preparo biomecânico e da pasta constituida de iodofórmio, paramonoclorofenol canforado e rifocort utilizada na obturaçäo de dentes decíduo necrosados. Os resultados obtidos nos permitiu concluir que: 1) a cultura foi positiva em 100 por cento das amostras antes e após o preparo biomecânico; 2) após a obturaçäo dos canais (7 dias) com a pasta, a cultura foi positiva em 52 por cento e negativa em 48 por cento dos casos