SEOM-GETNE clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of gastroenteropancreatic and bronchial neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) (2022).

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a heterogeneous family of tumors of challenging diagnosis and clinical management. Their incidence and prevalence continue to rise mainly due to an improvement on diagnostic techniques and awareness. Earlier detection, along with steadfast improvements in therapy, has led to better prognosis over time for advanced gastrointestinal and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. The aim of this guideline is to update evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of gastroenteropancreatic and lung NENs. Diagnostic procedures, histological classification, and therapeutic options, including surgery, liver-directed therapy, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, and systemic hormonal, cytotoxic or targeted therapy, are reviewed and discussed, and treatment algorithms to guide therapeutic decisions are provided.

A nomogram for predicting complications in patients with solid tumours and seemingly stable febrile neutropenia.

BACKGROUND: We sought to develop and externally validate a nomogram and web-based calculator to individually predict the development of serious complications in seemingly stable adult patients with solid tumours and episodes of febrile neutropenia (FN). PATIENTS AND METHODS: The data from the FINITE study (n=1133) and University of Salamanca Hospital (USH) FN registry (n=296) were used to develop and validate this tool. The main eligibility criterion was the presence of apparent clinical stability, defined as events without acute organ dysfunction, abnormal vital signs, or major infections. Discriminatory ability was measured as the concordance index and stratification into risk groups. RESULTS: The rate of infection-related complications in the FINITE and USH series was 13.4% and 18.6%, respectively. The nomogram used the following covariates: Eastern Cooperative Group (ECOG) Performance Status ⩾2, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic cardiovascular disease, mucositis of grade ⩾2 (National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria), monocytes <200/mm(3), and stress-induced hyperglycaemia. The nomogram predictions appeared to be well calibrated in both data sets (Hosmer-Lemeshow test, P>0.1). The concordance index was 0.855 and 0.831 in each series. Risk group stratification revealed a significant distinction in the proportion of complications. With a ⩾116-point cutoff, the nomogram yielded the following prognostic indices in the USH registry validation series: 66% sensitivity, 83% specificity, 3.88 positive likelihood ratio, 48% positive predictive value, and 91% negative predictive value. CONCLUSIONS: We have developed and externally validated a nomogram and web calculator to predict serious complications that can potentially impact decision-making in patients with seemingly stable FN.

Living with Cancer: Through the Eyes of the Patient and the Physician.

This article is co-authored by a patient with colon cancer and his treating oncologist, who interact at two different levels: the instrumental and the emotional and affective one. The patient relates in detail his personal experiences struggling with cancer, including his fears, expectations, purposes, and attitudes through the most important events in the evolution of his illness. The professional reflects how patient-based communication and shared decision-making impact on quality of life and coping with cancer.

Bacteremia in adult cancer patients with apparently stable febrile neutropenia: data from a cohort of 692 consecutive episodes from a single institution.

BACKGROUND: Bacteremia is associated with increased risk of complications in patients with febrile neutropenia (FN), although few clinical studies have reported outcomes in apparently stable patients (ASPs) who could be candidates for home treatment. OBJECTIVE: To assess the risk factors and the impact of bacteremia in ASPs. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 861 consecutive episodes of FN that were classifed according to their presentation into 2 categories: clearly unstable patients and ASPs. We estimated the incidence of bacteremia and severe complications in ASPs. We analyzed predictors for bacteremia and the discriminatory ability of the MASCC score in this setting. RESULTS: We classifed 692 episodes as ASPs. Bacteremia occurred in 6%, major complications were noted in 7.3%, and death occurred in 1.3%. Patients with bacteremia had more complications (odds ratio [OR], 8.2), and mortality (OR, 8.2). The integration of the MASCC score and bacteremic status predicted complications with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.74, sensitivity of 36%, and specifcity of 94%. Predictors of bacteremia were temperature ≥ 39°C/102.2°F (OR, 3), rigors (OR, 2.2), ECOG PS ≥ 2 (OR, 2.1), and advanced cancer (OR, 2.5). Two percent of patients who remained afebrile for 48 hours had positive blood cultures afterward. LIMITATIONS: A single-center, retrospective analysis, and the absence of a validation set to test the model's discriminatory ability. CONCLUSIONS: Bacteremia is infrequent among ASPs but is associated with a high risk of complications. We identifed several variables that could improve the prognostic classifcation of clinically stable FN.