ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective To identify the main sources of sodium in the Ecuadorian diet and determine knowledge, attitudes and practices related to the use of salt/sodium. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted by taking a convenience sample of 177 adults. Socio-demographic, anthropometric and clinical data were collected. Frequency of consumption of food items high in sodium and knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding salt intake were evaluated. Results Meat products, sugary drinks, sausages, canned fish and seasonings are the food items with the highest consumption and sodium content. Nearly 97% of participants had a misperception about their sodium intake. While 99% know that a diet high in salt causes health problems, only 38.4% take a systematic action to regulate their salt intake. Conclusions There were a common misperception about sodium consumption. Only a small number of people take an action to reduce their consumption, although these actions was ineffective.
RESUMEN Objetivo Identificar las principales fuentes de sodio en la dieta ecuatoriana y determinar los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas relacionadas con el uso de sal. Materiales y Métodos Estudio transversal con una muestra conveniencia de 177 adultos. Se recogieron datos sociodemográficos, antropométricos y clínicos. Se evaluó la frecuencia de consumo de alimentos ricos en sodio y los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas con respecto al consumo de sal. Resultados Los productos cárnicos, bebidas azucaradas, salchichas, pescado en conserva y condimentos son los alimentos de mayor consumo y contenido de sodio. Casi el 97% de los participantes tuvo una percepción errónea sobre el consumo de sodio. El 99% conoció que una dieta alta en sal causa problemas de salud, pero solo el 38.4% tomo una acción sistémica para regular su consumo. Conclusiones Existe una percepción errónea común sobre el consumo de sodio. Solo un pequeño número de personas toma medidas, inefectivas, para reducir su consumo.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: A candidate variant (p.Val496Ala) of the ACSS2 gene (T > C missense, rs59088485 variant at chr20: bp37 33509608) was previously found to consistently segregate with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCLP) in three Honduran families. Objectives of this study were 1) to investigate the frequency of this ACSS2 variant in Honduran unrelated NSCLP patients and unrelated unaffected controls and 2) to investigate the frequency of this variant in Colombian unrelated affected NSCLP patients and unrelated unaffected controls. STUDY DESIGN: Case-control studies. METHODS: Sanger sequencing of 99 unrelated Honduran NSCLP patients and 215 unrelated unaffected controls for the p.Val496Ala ACSS2 variant was used to determine the carrier frequency in NSCLP patients and controls. Sanger sequencing of 230 unrelated Colombian NSCLP patients and 146 unrelated unaffected controls for the p.Val496Ala ACSS2 variant was used to determine the carrier frequency in NSCLP patients and controls. RESULTS: In the Honduran population, the odds ratio of having NSCLP among carriers of the p.Val496Ala ACSS2 variant was 4.0 (P = .03), with a carrier frequency of seven of 99 (7.1%) in unrelated affected and four of 215 (1.9%) in unrelated unaffected individuals. In the Colombian population, the odds ratio of having NSCLP among carriers of the p.Val496Ala ACSS2 variant was 2.6 (P = .04), with a carrier frequency of 23 of 230 (10.0%) in unrelated affected and six of 146 (4.1%) in unrelated unaffected individuals. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the role of ACSS2 in NSCLP in two independent Hispanic populations from Honduras and Colombia. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: NA Laryngoscope, 127:E336-E339, 2017.
