Tacrolimus for primary liver transplantation: 12 to 15 years actual follow-up with safety profile.

BACKGROUND: Tacrolimus has been increasingly used for liver transplantation during the last decade. The drug has immunological advantages in short- to medium-term follow-up. However, data on longitudinal follow-up are lacking. AIM: The aim of the present report was to examine the impact of tacrolimus in primary adult and pediatric liver transplantation (LTx) patients. MATERIAL AND METHOD: One thousand consecutive primary LTx patients were performed under tacrolimus between August 1989 and December 1992 were followed up until August 2004. Mean follow-up was 13.4 +/- 0.92 (range, 11.7-15) years. There were 600 males and 400 females with a mean age of 42.6 +/- 20.2 years. There were 166 children (age 18 years or younger) and 834 adults, of whom 204 were older than 60 years (seniors). RESULTS: Four hundred ninety-seven (49.7%) patients died in the follow-up period. The overall 15-year actuarial patient survival rate was 51.4%. The survival rate for children was significantly better (81.3%) compared with adults (47.5%) and seniors (36.4%) (P = .0001). One hundred fifty-one patients received a second LTx, 22 patients received a third LTx, and 4 patients received a fourth LTx. Over all 15 years the actuarial graft survival rate was 46.1%. At last follow-up, 69.1% of patients were off steroids. The majority of late deaths were due to age-related complications, recurrence of disease, and De novo cancers. CONCLUSION: The data on longitudinal follow-up have shown actuarial survival for children to be significantly better than in adults and seniors. Graft loss from immunological causes are rare even with long-term follow-up.

[Evaluation of individual breast cancer screening in the Alpes-Maritimes]. / Evaluation du dépistage spontané du cancer du sein dans les Alpes-Maritimes.

In the framework of the mass breast cancer screening program in the Alpes-Maritimes, a study was carried out among the radiologists to assess individual breast cancer screening, defined as mammography among women without clinical symptom or personal history of breast or genital cancer, outside an organized program. The survey was carried out in 1994; all private and public radiology clinics recorded all mammography information during one week at two different periods. Among women aged 50 to 69 years, the population targeted by mass screening program, the proportion of individual breast cancer screening among all mammographies was 31.8% and was similar to that of the organized programme. A steady evaluation of individual breast cancer screening is necessary when two ways of screening are concomitant, the aim being to substitute mass screening for individual screening.