Predictors of Health-Protective and Helping Behaviors during the Covid-19 Pandemic: The Role of Social Support and Resilience.

The COVID -19 pandemic dramatically affected people's lives. In this study, we explored the role of social and personal factors underlying individuals' adaptive responses during the critical onset period of the outbreak. In particular, we tested two models on the mediating role of health-protective behaviors in the relationship between social support, resilience, and helping behavior. A sample of 1085 participants from Portugal and Brazil took part in an online survey during the first wave of the pandemic. First, through an Exploratory Factor Analysis of the health-protective behaviors to prevent contagion by the coronavirus, we identified two distinct dimensions, one aggregating active protective behaviors and the other as avoidant behaviors. Secondly, we found that resilience and active protective behavior sequentially mediated the relationship between social support and willingness to help. In addition, a multigroup analysis showed that this mediational process was similar in both countries. Given the wide range of social and individual factors that may predict prosocial behaviors, we highlight the role of social support on the intention to help through resilience and active protective behaviors.

Risk factors and outcomes associated with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium and ampicillin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis bacteraemia: A 10-year study in a tertiary-care centre in Mexico City.

OBJECTIVES: We sought to identify risk factors associated with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) and ampicillin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (ARE) bacteraemia, predictors of 30-day mortality, and 90-day recurrence-free survival according to resistance. METHODS: We evaluated clinical records of patients with E. faecalis and E. faecium bacteraemia (2007-2017). We performed bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to identify factors associated with VRE and ARE bacteraemia and predictors of 30-day mortality. A Kaplan-Meier estimate of 90-day recurrence-free survival was done. RESULTS: We identified 192 and 147 E. faecium and E. faecalis bacteraemia episodes, respectively, of which 55.7% of E. faecium were VRE (94% vanA) and 12.2% of E. faecalis were ARE. Factors related to VRE bacteraemia were previous hospitalisation (aOR, 80.18, 95% CI 1.81-634), history of central venous catheter (aOR, 11.15, 95% CI 2.48-50.2) and endotracheal cannula use (aOR, 17.91, 95% CI 1.22-262.82). There was higher attributable mortality to VRE (28%, 95% CI 14-68%; P < 0.001) and ARE (10%, 95% CI 0.1-36%; P = 0.58) compared with their susceptible counterparts. APACHE II (aOR, 1.45, 95% CI 1.26-1.66) and history of chemotherapy (aOR, 3.52, 95% CI 1.09-11.39) were predictors of E. faecium bacteraemia 30-day mortality. We could not recognise any factor related to ARE bacteraemia or E. faecalis 30-day mortality. CONCLUSION: History of hospitalisation and invasive device use were related to VRE bacteraemia. APACHE II and history of chemotherapy were predictors of mortality. We could not identify factors related to ARE or predictors of mortality.

Multicase study on product design in the area of assistive technology in Brazil.

Purpose: The present research aims to contribute to the comprehension of the product development process (PDP) of Assistive Technology (AT) through methodological multi-case studies in Brazil. The following considerations presented in the study are part of a Master's degree thesis, conducted from 2013 to 2015.Methodology: The research adopted a multi-case study methodology by selecting four product developers from the Assistive technology field in Brazil, focusing on physical disability.Results: According to the findings, this research discusses the possible influences of Emotional Collaborative Design on the process of Assistive Technology, aiming at enhancing new perspectives about such tools on the product development process. As a result, it was possible to set a delimitation of PDP of AT stages in the four cases approached, in most of the methodological steps empirically developed.Conclusion: Final considerations of the study, collaborate with the comprehension of the assistive product development, stating there is still a little emphasis on the design concepts throughout these processes, also illustrates the necessity for further studies about the product development in the area.Implications for rehabilitationThe visualization of a still scarce dialogue between the multiple areas that could contribute for AT development;The potential correlation between high dissatisfaction in several issues regarding use of ATs and the poor understanding of user needs;The predominance of a great functionality emphasis, and the negligence of the individual's emotional in AT development;The understanding that product design maybe is still poorly applied/understood in this field.

Intestinal Microbiome Changes in Fecal Microbiota Transplant (FMT) vs. FMT Enriched with Lactobacillus in the Treatment of Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection.

Aim: In this study, we conducted a comparative study to explore the differences in therapeutic efficacy and intestinal microbiome of fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) vs. FMT in addition with Lactobacillus (FMT-L) for treatment of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (R-CDI). Methods: We designed a double-blinded randomized comparative two-arm pilot multicenter study to assess the efficacy and impact in the intestinal microbiome of standard capsules of FMT vs. FMT-L enriched with 3 species of Lactobacillus for patients with R-CDI. A 90-day follow-up of 21 patients was performed, starting at the beginning of the study. From the selected patients, fecal samples were obtained at days 0, 3, 7, and 28 after treatment. Fecal samples and FMT were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Results: We included 21 patients (13 in the FMT group and 8 in the FMT-L group). Overall, both groups had a reduction in bowel movements per day, from 8.6 to 3.2 in the first 48 h (62.7% reduction, p=0.001). No severe adverse reactions or recurrences were recorded. Firmicutes were the most abundant phylum in donors. A low relative abundance of Proteobacteria was detected and mostly found in patients even at higher proportions than the donor. The donor's pool also had relatively few Bacteroidetes, and some patients showed a higher abundance of this phylum. Based on the ANOSIM R values, there is a significant difference between the microbial communities of basal samples and samples collected on day 7 (p=0.045) and at day 28 (0.041). Conclusion: Fecal microbiota transplant by capsules was clinically and genomically similar between traditional FMT and enriched FMT with Lactobacillus spp. Restoration of bacterial diversity and resolution of dysbiosis at days 7 and 28 were observed. Patients with a first episode of recurrence treated with FMT had an excellent response without severe adverse events; FMT should be considered as an early treatment during R-CDI.

[The sorting of recyclable waste and the variables inherent to the process: a case study in a cooperative]. / A triagem de materiais recicláveis e as variabilidades inerentes ao processo: estudo de caso em uma cooperativa.

Informal labor with recyclable materials is marked by social exclusion and discrimination, besides this activity being conducted in unsanitary conditions. The literature suggests that the problems associated with the sorting of recyclable waste are associated with lack of structure, contact with the "garbage", lack of government support, lack of training, lack of safety equipment, among others. The scope of this paper is to describe the process of sorting recyclable waste in a cooperative in França in the state of São Paulo. The specific objective was to identify the variables inherent to the process and investigate how workers adjust their work schedules to deal with these variables. The research method used is the case study with an operationalized ergonomic approach at some stages of the ergonomic analysis of work. Exploratory visits, indirect observations and semi-structured interviews were conducted. The results showed that the variables inherent to the process require that workers perform timely management sessions, which can be either collective or individual, though this invariably results in overload in the workplace, either by speeding up the work output or by demanding the increased concentration of those involved.

A triagem de materiais recicláveis e as variabilidades inerentes ao processo: estudo de caso em uma cooperativa / The sorting of recyclable waste and the variables inherent to the process: a case study in a cooperative

O trabalho informal com materiais recicláveis é marcado por desvalorização e exclusão social, além desta atividade ser realizada em condições insalubres. A literatura aponta que os problemas associados à triagem de materiais recicláveis estão relacionados à falta de estrutura, ao contato com o "lixo", à falta de apoio do poder público, à falta de treinamentos, à falta equipamentos de segurança, entre outros. O objetivo geral deste artigo foi descrever o processo de triagem de materiais recicláveis na cooperativa de Franca, SP. O objetivo especifico foi identificar as variabilidades inerentes ao processo e investigar como o trabalhador molda seu trabalho para dar conta destas variabilidades. O método de pesquisa é o estudo de caso com abordagem ergonômica operacionalizada por algumas etapas da análise ergonômica do trabalho. Foram feitas visitas exploratórias, observações indiretas e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os resultados demonstraram que as variabilidades inerentes ao processo solicitam dos cooperados uma gestão momentânea que pode ser realizada de forma coletiva ou individual, mas que quase sempre causa sobrecarga no trabalho, seja acelerando-o ou aumentando a concentração.

Informal labor with recyclable materials is marked by social exclusion and discrimination, besides this activity being conducted in unsanitary conditions. The literature suggests that the problems associated with the sorting of recyclable waste are associated with lack of structure, contact with the "garbage", lack of government support, lack of training, lack of safety equipment, among others. The scope of this paper is to describe the process of sorting recyclable waste in a cooperative in França in the state of São Paulo. The specific objective was to identify the variables inherent to the process and investigate how workers adjust their work schedules to deal with these variables. The research method used is the case study with an operationalized ergonomic approach at some stages of the ergonomic analysis of work. Exploratory visits, indirect observations and semi-structured interviews were conducted. The results showed that the variables inherent to the process require that workers perform timely management sessions, which can be either collective or individual, though this invariably results in overload in the workplace, either by speeding up the work output or by demanding the increased concentration of those involved.

Ergonomics in designing process: dialogue between designers, executors and users in the maintenance activity of radars in an oil refinery.

This paper aims to discuss the role of ergonomics in design process using the dialogue developed by designers, implementers and users in an oil refinery. It was possible to identify the need of minimizing the postural constraints, risk of accidents, mechanical shocks and to enlarge safety perception in the access and permanency of the users at the workspace. It has been determined and validated by workers and managers to implement different deadlines depending on programming, viability and execution time for the improvements proposed. In a long-term: it was proposed the substitution of the ladders with time planning according to the maintenance program of the tanks; in a short-time: it was suggested the expansion of the existing platforms, implementation of a walkway connection provided with guardrails between the upper access of the side ladder and the repositioning of radar set and aerial aiming at the usage by workers at the workstation of the new platform. It was also elaborated eight typologies of intervention, according to the request, type of tank, material stored, and its setting place. The design process arises from ergonomics workplace analysis that presents concepts for solutions which was a mediator tool to be settled between users and implementers.

O Setor de Drogadependência do Departamento de Psiquiatria e Psicologia Médica da F.C.M.S.C.S.P.: análise das atividades de 1987 / Drogadiction sector of Psychiatry Department and Medical Psychology of F.C.M.S.C.S.P (Medical Sciences School of Santa Casa de Säo Paulo)

O Setor de drogadependência do D.P.P.M. da F.C.M.S.C.S.P. é apresentado e descrito seu funcionamento (atualmente com quatro psiquiatras, dois psicólogos e um assistente social). Iniciado em 1986, atendeu no ano passado 86 pacientes novos (76 masculinos), em sua maioria (65%) entre 15 e 25 anos de idade. Os aspectos diagnósticos foram predominantemente de uso de associaçöes (excluindo morfina) 36%, cacaína 34% e cannábicos 17%. Enfatiza-se a importância do problema e a necessidade de seu atendimento nos serviços universitários

El territorio como espacio para la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la medicina / The territory as a space for the teaching-learning of medicine

INTRODUCCIÓN: El desarrollo del espacio territorial como soporte de los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la medicina ha sido objetivo central de la Unidad Docente Asistencial (UDA) Canelones al Este desde su instalación en el año 2010. El territorio se asume desde la dimensión compleja que define el geógrafo brasileño Milton Santos: la población es parte del territorio que la contiene, y ambos, población y territorio, se construyen mutuamente. El equipo de salud del primer nivel de atención se hace parte de este proceso. Esto ofrece un escenario privilegiado para la comprensión de los procesos de salud-enfermedad y para la enseñanza-aprendizaje de los principios de la atención primaria de la salud. OBJETIVOS: a) sistematizar algunos aspectos de la práctica docente a partir de la experiencia de trabajo en territorio de la UDA; b) identificar barreras y dificultades para el desarrollo teorizado; c) identificar oportunidades de la práctica docente en el territorio; d) delinear recomendaciones para la estandarización de los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje em territorio. METODOLOGÍA: Sistematización en matriz FODA de informes, evaluaciones y reflexiones del equipo docente en los ámbitos regulares de trabajo de la UDA Canelones al Este: Plenarios Del equipo UDA, Coordinación docente, coordinación interinstitucional, coordinación UDA- ASSE, Reuniones de equipo de policlínicas. RESULTADOS y CONCLUSIONES: El territorio ofrece oportunidades, pero también dificultades. La aproximación adecuada se ve favorecida por la existencia de un vínculo previo del equipo de salud local con La institución o grupo comunitario de referencia. La formación a nivel comunitario resulta más efectiva si los equipos y grupos estudiantiles se involucran en procesos propios de La comunidad que ya están en marcha, con o sin participación previa del equipo de salud local. Cuando las propuestas para el trabajo de salud comunitario no está orientado a lãs necesidades de la población, no se logra un proceso efectivo, la comunidad no se involucra y falla el diálogo e intercambio que da soporte a al aprendizaje. El desarrollo de la enseñanza en el ámbito comunitario requiere una doble matriz de trabajo: a) el relacionamiento de base comunitaria, al cual da sustento el equipo de salud local en su vínculo longitudinal con población e instituciones, en el cual los grupos de estudiantes deben integrarse respetuosamente, y b) la reflexión desde el equipo docente- asistencial con participación de los estudiantes. Entre las debilidades están: la variabilidad o carencia de referentes técnicos ocomunitarios estables en algunos procesos. La estigmatización negativa de la Universidad en algunos ámbitos territoriales, así como la estigmatización negativa de la cultura popular por algunos universitarios son ameazas latentes. La permanencia del equipo del primer nivel de atención en el territorio es un elemento clave que genera confianza en la gente, pero también en las instituciones y los equipos de territorio. La presencia de estudiantes de pre y postrado de diferentes disciplinas exige superación permanente en los docentes como referentes territoriales lo que mejora La calidad de la asistencia y el aporte de la Universidad a las comunidades.