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1.
Exp Appl Acarol ; 55(1): 85-121, 2011 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21452063

ABSTRACT

This work is an updated revision of the available information on Portuguese ixodid tick species. It includes data on tick biology, ecology, taxonomy and host/pathogen-associations. The current list of Portuguese ixodid ticks comprises twenty species: Dermacentor marginatus (Sulzer, 1776), Dermacentor reticulatus (Fabricius, 1794), Haemaphysalis hispanica Gil Collado, 1938, Haemaphysalis inermis Birula, 1895, Haemaphysalis punctata Canestrini & Fanzago, 1878, Hyalomma lusitanicum Koch, 1844, Hyalomma marginatum Koch, 1844, Ixodes acuminatus Neumann, 1901, Ixodes bivari Dias, 1990, Ixodes canisuga Johnston, 1849, Ixodes frontalis (Panzer, 1798), Ixodes hexagonus Leach, 1815, Ixodes ricinus (Linnaeus, 1758), Ixodes simplex Neumann, 1906, Ixodes ventalloi Gil Collado, 1936, Ixodes vespertilionis Koch, 1844, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus (Say, 1821), Rhipicephalus bursa Canestrini & Fanzago, 1878, Rhipicephalus pusillus Gil Collado, 1938, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806).


Subject(s)
Geography , Host-Parasite Interactions , Ixodidae , Animals , Arachnid Vectors , Female , Humans , Male , Portugal
2.
Acta Virol ; 50(3): 175-80, 2006.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17131936

ABSTRACT

To define the possible role of Hyalomma marginatum ticks in the transmission of West Nile virus (WNV) in Portugal an experimental infection was established. Ticks were fed on viremic rabbits previously infected with WNV. In different developmental stage of H. marginatum virus isolation and detection of viral antigen and viral RNA were attempted. The oral infection rates were 3%, 33% and 75% for engorged larvae, nymphs and females after oviposition, respectively. Transstadial transmission rates for nymphs exposed to virus as larvae, for adults exposed as larvae, and for adults exposed as nymphs were 33%, 11% and 46%, respectively. No evidence of transovarial transmission was obtained. Ticks in the stages of nymphs and adults were able to transmit the infection to uninfected hosts. This study demonstrated that H. marginatum could be involved in the natural circulation of WNV in Portugal.


Subject(s)
Arachnid Vectors/virology , Ixodidae/virology , West Nile Fever/transmission , West Nile virus/pathogenicity , Animals , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Antigens, Viral/isolation & purification , Arachnid Vectors/growth & development , Female , Ixodidae/growth & development , Larva/virology , Male , Mice , Nymph/virology , Portugal , RNA, Viral/isolation & purification , Rabbits , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , West Nile Fever/virology , West Nile virus/genetics , West Nile virus/isolation & purification
3.
Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis ; 2(3): 165-77, 2002.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12737546

ABSTRACT

This work was designed to study the infection process of Rickettsia conorii in the salivary glands of experimentally infected Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks. One hundred six uninfected engorged nymphs were intracelomically inoculated with approximately 2 x 10(3) plaque-forming units of a rickettsial suspension. After the molt, unfed and fed adults were dissected, and the salivary glands were extracted and processed for transmission electron microscopy observation. Three different uninfected control groups were used for (1) evaluating the impact of the inoculation procedure, (2) establishing the feeding period of infected ticks, and (3) ultrastructural characterization of the salivary glands. Overall, 75.5% (80 of 106) of the nymphs inoculated with rickettsiae died during the molt or soon after hatching into adult instars; 50% (12 of 24) of the remaining infected adults showed severe malformations compromising their viability. In apparently healthy specimens, time of engorgement was longer. The contrast with the negative control groups was statistically significant, suggesting that R. conorii exerts a strong negative effect on the vector ticks. The ultrastructural study showed that in the salivary glands of infected ticks, rickettsial growth occurs preferentially in central, peripheral, and interstitial acini cells.


Subject(s)
Arachnid Vectors/microbiology , Arachnid Vectors/ultrastructure , Rickettsia conorii/physiology , Salivary Glands/microbiology , Salivary Glands/ultrastructure , Ticks/microbiology , Ticks/ultrastructure , Animals , Molting , Rickettsia conorii/ultrastructure
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