Comunicación en personas con el síndrome de deleción de 22q11: voz y habla / Communication in people with 22q11 deletion syndrome: Voice and speech

Antecedentes y objetivos: En la actualidad hay pocos estudios que definan el perfil psicolingüístico de las personas con el síndrome de deleción de 22q11 (S22q11) con el castellano y/o el catalán como lengua materna. El objetivo de este estudio fue definir las características de la voz y el habla de las personas con el S22q11. Método: Se realizó un estudio con una muestra de 30 sujetos de entre 5 y 21 años (12.14±4.20) con S22q11. Se administraron cuestionarios ad hoc a los padres y se evaluó la voz, la ejecución de praxias bucofonatorias, la discriminación auditiva y el habla de los participantes. Resultados: Más de la mitad de los participantes tenían una voz más aguda de lo esperado por sexo y edad, y la mitad mostraba signos de hipofonía, a pesar de que los resultados de intensidad máxima mostraban que podrían utilizar una mayor intensidad. En cuanto al habla, los participantes más jóvenes presentaban un retraso en la adquisición de fonemas (excepto consonantes nasales) en comparación con su grupo normativo, y la mayoría hizo uso del sonido compensatorio ʔ. Los participantes mayores de 8 años producían correctamente los fonemas de adquisición tardía, aunque persistieron dificultades específicas de articulación. Conclusiones: Los participantes mostraron características específicas de voz y habla.(AU)

Background and objectives: Currently there are few studies that define the psycholinguistic profile of people with 22q11 deletion syndrome (S22q11) with Spanish and/or Catalan as their mother tongue. The aim of this study was to define the characteristics of the voice and speech of people with S22q11. Method: A study was performed with a sample of 30 subjects aged between 5 and 21 years (12.14±4.20) with S22q11. Ad hoc questionnaires were administered to parents, and participants’ voice, execution of oral praxis, hearing discrimination, and speech were assessed. Results: More than half of the participants had a sharper voice than expected by sex and age, and half showed signs of hypophonia, although the maximum intensity results showed that they could use more intensity. In terms of speech, the younger participants had a delay in the acquisition of phonemes (except nasal consonants) compared to their normative group, and most made use of the compensatory sound ʔ. Participants older than 8 years correctly produced late-acquisition phonemes, although specific articulation difficulties persisted. Conclusions: Participants showed specific voice and speech characteristics.(AU)

Estructura factorial y consistencia interna de la versión española del Inventario de Apego a Padres y Pares para Adolescentes (IPPA) / Factorial Structure and Internal Consistency of the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment for Adolescents (IPPA) Spanish version

El propósito del estudio es analizar la estructura interna de la versión española del Inventario de Apego con Padres y Pares (IPPA) de Armsden y Greenberg (1987) en una muestra de 231 adolescentes de 12 a 18 años. Se analizó la consistencia interna y la dimensionalidad de las puntuaciones de la escala. Se obtuvieron coeficientes de consistencia interna satisfactorios para cada una de las escalas (ω > 0.68) de las tres formas del cuestionario, excepto para la escala Alienación de la versión contestada sobre la madre. El Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio mostró que el modelo de tres factores es el mejor de los modelos propuestos (RMSEA < 0.062), aunque las tres escalas se encuentran muy correlacionadas entre sí.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the internal structure of the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment of Armsden and Greenberg (1987), in a sample of 231 Spanish adolescents, (aged 12 -18). The internal consistency and dimensionality of the scale scores were analyzed. We obtained satisfactory internal consistency coefficients (ω > 0.68) for each of the scales in the three forms of the questionnaire, except for the scale Alienation for the mother version. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed that the three-factor model is the best model proposed (RMSEA < 0.062) although the three scales are highly correlated with each other.

Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Passion Scale / Propiedades psicométricas de la versión española de la Escala de la Pasión

BACKGROUND: Passion has been shown to be involved in psychological processes that emerge in diverse human activities like physical activity and sports, work, leisure, videogaming, pathological gambling, and interpersonal relationships. We aimed to present evidence of validity and internal consistency of the Passion Scale in Spanish based on the Dualistic Model of Passion, comprising harmonious and obsessive dimensions. METHOD: The sample comprised 1,007 participants (350 females and 657 males), aged 16-65 (Md= 30.0 years). Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM), measurement invariance and Multiple-Cause-Multiple-Indicator models (MIMIC) were used. RESULTS: Fit for the ESEM 2-factor solution was acceptable. Near full or partial measurement invariance across sex, type of activity, and age was supported. Relationships between both harmonious and obsessive dimensions and the external variables considered (age, sex, and criterion items) reasonably replicated those found in previous studies. Both scale scores showed adequate internal consistency (α = .81). CONCLUSIONS: Empirical evidence for the validity and internal consistency of the Spanish version of the Passion Scale is satisfactory and reveals that the scale is comparable to the English and French versions. Therefore, the Passion Scale can be used in research conducted in Spanish

ANTECEDENTES: la pasión es uno de los elementos de los diversos procesos psicológicos presentes en diversas actividades como la actividad física, el deporte, el ocio, el trabajo y las relaciones interpersonales. El objetivo del estudio fue presentar evidencias de validez y fiabilidad de la versión española de la Escala de la Pasión, basada en el modelo dual de la pasión que comprende las dimensiones armoniosa y obsesiva. MÉTODO: participaron 1.007 personas (350 mujeres y 657 hombres) de 16-65 años (Md= 30). Se usó modelado de ecuaciones estructurales exploratorio (ESEM), invariancia factorial y modelos de múltiples-indicadores-múltiples-causas (MIMIC). RESULTADOS: el ajuste de la solución de 2 factores con ESEM fue aceptable. Se obtuvo invariancia casi completa o parcial en función del sexo, el tipo de actividad y la edad. Las relaciones entre ambas dimensiones armoniosa y obsesiva y las variables externas consideradas (edad, sexo e ítems criterio) replicaron razonablemente los resultados de estudios previos. Ambas puntuaciones mostraron una consistencia interna adecuada (α = .81). CONCLUSIONES: las evidencias de validez y consistencia interna halladas con la versión española de la Escala de la Pasión son satisfactorias y muestran que la escala es comparable a las versiones inglesa y francesa, pudiéndose usar en investigaciones realizadas en castellano

Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Passion Scale.

BACKGROUND: Passion has been shown to be involved in psychological processes that emerge in diverse human activities like physical activity and sports, work, leisure, videogaming, pathological gambling, and interpersonal relationships. We aimed to present evidence of validity and internal consistency of the Passion Scale in Spanish based on the Dualistic Model of Passion, comprising harmonious and obsessive dimensions. METHOD: The sample comprised 1,007 participants (350 females and 657 males), aged 16-65 (Md= 30.0 years). Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM), measurement invariance and Multiple-Cause-Multiple-Indicator models (MIMIC) were used. RESULTS: Fit for the ESEM 2-factor solution was acceptable. Near full or partial measurement invariance across sex, type of activity, and age was supported. Relationships between both harmonious and obsessive dimensions and the external variables considered (age, sex, and criterion items) reasonably replicated those found in previous studies. Both scale scores showed adequate internal consistency (α = .81). CONCLUSIONS: Empirical evidence for the validity and internal consistency of the Spanish version of the Passion Scale is satisfactory and reveals that the scale is comparable to the English and French versions. Therefore, the Passion Scale can be used in research conducted in Spanish.

Transformaciones de datos en la elaboración de estudios salariales / Data transformations in salary surveys

El presente trabajo pretende mostrar algunos aspectos de la preparación y el tratamiento de los datos procedentes de encuestas salariales con vistas a la elaboración de informes retributivos. Veremos cómo, tras probar diferentes transformaciones alternativas, se puede comprobar que mediante una transformación logarítmica es posible mejorar la asimetría y la curtosis de las variables del modelo (facturación y salario), así como convertir en lineal una relación entre dos variables que con los datos originales no lo es, lo que facilita el análisis de los datos al permitir utilizar el modelo de regresión. Estudiaremos la relación entre el salario y el tamaño de la empresa, ya que esta relación es la que mejor predice el salario de mercado que debe obtener un empleado en un puesto determinado. Presentamos un ejemplo de la aplicación del modelo de regresión para el estudio de esta relación (AU)

This article intends to show some of the aspects involved when elaborating and processing data coming from salary surveys to produce retribution reports. We will see how after trying different alternative transformations it is possible to verify that, through a logarithmic transformation, the asymmetry and kurtosis of a model’s variables can be improved (revenues and salary) as well as a relation between two variables converted in lineal –something that would have been impossible to achieve with the original data. This would make data analysis easier, because it allows the use of the regression model. We will study the relation between salary and company size, because this relationship is the best to predict the market salary that is earned by a specific jobholder. We give an example of application of a regression model for studying this relationship (AU)

ADHD-like symptoms and attachment in internationally adopted children.

Internationally adopted children seem to be more likely to show ADHD-like symptoms than non-adopted children. The aims of this study were to explore the existence of ADHD-like symptoms and/or diagnosis in a sample of internationally adopted children depending on their country of origin and to describe the links that may exist between the display of these symptoms and observed narrative-based attachment patterns. A Catalan sample of 58 adopted children aged 7-8 (24 from Eastern Europe, 23 from China, and 11 from Ethiopia) was assessed with the Behavioral Assessment System for Children to identify ADHD-like symptoms, and the Friends and Family Interview to identify children's' attachment patterns. Results indicated that children adopted from Eastern Europe showed a trend toward more hyperactivity and significantly more attention problems than girls adopted from China. Children with a secure attachment showed significantly less attention problems and a trend toward less hyperactivity. More studies focusing on the etiology and treatment of these symptoms in adopted children are needed.

Visual and refractive outcome of epi-LASIK for myopia in thin corneas: a 12-month follow-up.

PURPOSE: A nonrandomized, retrospective, cohort, single-center study was designed to examine the visual and refractive outcome of epi-laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for myopia (with and without astigmatism) in patients with thin corneas (less than 500 µm), and to compare these results with those of a group of patients with normal corneal thickness. METHODS: Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCVA), spherical and cylindrical residual refractive error, mean keratometry readings (Km), and pupil diameter were measured postoperatively at 24 hours, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 12 months in a group of 28 eyes with thin corneas (group 1) and a second age- and gender-matched group of 28 eyes with normal corneal thickness (group 2). In addition, the efficacy index was calculated at every postoperative examination. RESULTS: Postoperative central corneal thickness was 464.14±50.40 µm in group 1 and 421.89±26.63 µm in group 2 (p<0.001). No statistically significant difference was found in UCVA, efficacy index, and spherical and cylindrical residual error between both groups, with an evolution towards stability over time in all cases. Statistically significant between-group differences in Km at all follow-up examinations were explained by between-group differences in ablation depth and attempted spherical correction. CONCLUSIONS: A 12-month follow-up revealed epi-LASIK for myopia (with and without astigmatism) to be a safe and predictable surface ablation procedure, with good visual and refractive outcome in patients with thin corneas, as compared with a group of patients with normal corneal thickness.

Item by item analysis strategy of the relationship between symptoms and signs in early dry eye.

PURPOSE: The present study aimed at analyzing the relationship between several particular symptoms, risk factors or global questionnaire scores and some tear clinical signs in early dry eye patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 77 volunteers were enrolled in the study without any prior classification, although patients with severe dry eye were excluded. Two questionnaires were used to assess ocular symptoms and risk factors, and clinical tear signs were evaluated with four tests (osmolarity, ferning, break-up time and the phenol red thread test). Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the relative predictive value of each particular ocular symptom and risk factor, for each clinical sign. This analysis was repeated using symptoms and risk factors global scores. RESULTS: The symptom "eyes stuck shut in the morning" was the only predictor variable for the sign "ferning crystallization" (R = 0.228, p < 0.05) and "dryness" for "break-up time" (R = -0.315, p < 0.01). "Burning sensation" and "computer use for more than 3 h" were predictor variables for "tear osmolarity" (R = 0.342, p < 0.01), while "itching" and "female gender" were found to predict the outcomes of the "phenol red thread test" (R = -0.462, p < 0.05). Global questionnaire scores were not found to predict any tear clinical sign. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings support the informative value of exploring the associations between clinical signs, ocular symptoms and risk factors by following an item by item strategy rather than opting for global questionnaire scores.

Temporal stability in the perception of dry eye ocular discomfort symptoms.

PURPOSE: A prospective longitudinal study was designed to investigate the ability of patients with tear deficiency to correctly recall their past symptoms. The ultimate goal of the study was to contribute to the ongoing research concerning the lack of association between dry eye symptomatology and clinical tests of tear film evaluation. METHODS: A total of 26 subjects with ages ranging from 29 to 61 years participated in the study. All subjects reported symptoms associated with tear deficiency, although none had been diagnosed with dry eye disease. Subjects were instructed to grade their symptoms on two different occasions, at the precise moment they were experiencing them, by means of a home questionnaire, and through a recall questionnaire, which was administered within a maximum interval of 10 days from the first questionnaire. Tear evaluation tests were performed at this second time. Non-parametric statistical analyses were used to investigate the relationship between present and recalled symptoms and between symptoms and signs, as well as between the different dry eye tests. The contributions of age, gender, and recall period were also evaluated. RESULTS: With the exception of irritation (p = 0.029) and scratchiness (p = 0.025), no statistically significant difference was encountered between home and recall questionnaires, although females were found to recall their symptoms slightly better than males (p = 0.048). An increase in the severity of the symptoms was associated with a better recollection (p = 0.007). Symptoms (home or recalled) and clinical signs were not correlated, although the recalled symptom of scratchiness presented moderately strong correlations with several dry eye tests. CONCLUSIONS: Although the lack of correlation between dry eye tests and symptoms mirrored previous research, symptoms recall was found to follow certain interesting patterns, similar to those published in pain research literature.