Estimation of gestational diabetes mellitus and dose-response association of BMI with the occurrence of diabetes mellitus in pregnant women of the west of Iran.

The authors aim to investigate the GDM and the dose-response association of BMI with it in pregnant women in Kermanshah, Iran. During the 2015-2016 year, the 1010 pregnant women were studied. The restricted cubic spline method was used to evaluate the relationship between BMI and GDM. The risk of GDM was 10.1%. The incidence rate ratio for GDM indicates a non-significant protective effect and, then a significant risk for GDM occurrence along with BMI. BMI can be used as a predictive factor. A healthy diet and recommended levels of physical activity are suggested to prevent overweight and obesity and subsequent GDM.

Protective effect of [Pyr1]-apelin-13 on oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in hair cell-like cells derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.

Oxidative stress plays an important role in auditory dysfunction. Exogenous cell therapy has brought new hopes for repairing mammalian inner ear hair cells. However, poor cell viability of transplanted cells under oxidative stress conditions has limited their therapeutic potential. The adipocytokine apelin-13 was isolated from a bovine stomach. Apelin-13 might protect oxidative stress-induced hair cell damage was raised considering other oxidative stress-induced injury, including brain ischemia-induced cell death. Therefore, we evaluated the protective effects of apelin- 13 on the damage induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to the hair cells-derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in vitro. Stem cells were differentiated into hair cell- like cells with B27, FGF, EGF and IGF-1. Expression of neuron specific markers including ß tubulin III, Nestin, MAP2, Neurofilament 68 and GFAP was tested by flow cytometry. As well, inner ear hair cell markers such as Myosin VIIA, Sox2 and TrkB expression were assayed by immunocytochemistry (ICC) method. We designed an in vitro model of oxidative stress by exposing hair cell- like cells to H2O2. Protein expression levels of caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2 were detected by western blot. Apoptotic cells were also detected by acridin-orange staining and TUNEL assay. Protein expression of caspase-3 and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was significantly lower in the apelin-13-pretreated group than only H2O2 treated group. In addition, apoptotic cells were significantly decreased in the apelin-13+H2O2 co-treated cells compared to the H2O2-treated group. Treating hair cells-like cells with apelin13 increases their survival against oxidative stress damage by inhibition of apoptosis signaling pathway.