Subject(s)
Public Health/history , Balneology , Baths , Europe , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Hungary , Mineral WatersABSTRACT
PIP: The condom was first mentioned in a 1564 writing by Gabriel Fallopius as a means of protection against syphilis describing his tests on 1100 people. The name itself has been ascribed to the Latin word condere, Cum Domino, the French city of Condom, and doctor Quondom, the physician of the English King Charles II. The Marquis de Sade and Casanova used it to avoid venereal diseases (VDs). In London condom manufacturing started in the 18th century. Later it became a symbol of prostitution and immorality. The material used consisted of fish bladder or animal intestines (calf, sheep). The discovery of the rubber tree and the invention of vulcanization by the American technician Goodyear in 1840 made possible large-scale production. In Hungary the 1st rubber manufacturing plant EMERGE started production in 1893 along with toys and other wares. IN 1895 the HUngarian medial association warned about the spread of syphilis facilitated by the activities of 15,400 syphilitic prostitutes in the country. 30% of hospital patients had syphilis. The use of the condom was limited, and illegitimate births increased by 10.5% during the millennium celebrations of Hungary's existence in 1896. EMERGE manufactured condoms called Nono which were mostly distributed to soldiers during World War I, yet they had little popularity. US soldiers did not use the condoms either, as 7 million active days were lost due to VDs during World War II. In the 1950's Anna Ratko was Minister of Health in Hungary who opposed promotion of condoms to increase the population. The invention of penicillin in 1942 also pushed the condom to the background, but in the 1980's the epidemic of AIDS has made its use widespread.^ieng
Subject(s)
Contraceptive Devices, Male/history , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/prevention & control , China , Egypt , Europe , Female , History, 16th Century , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, Ancient , Humans , Male , Rome , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/historySubject(s)
Sex Work/legislation & jurisprudence , Female , France , History, 18th Century , Humans , Male , Sex Work/historyABSTRACT
The Carabelli's-tubercle have been deemed by the Hungarian researcher K. Pándy of luetic origin. The supposition of Pándy has proved to be entirely erroneous. In the course of researches concerning the tooth changes described by Hutchinson and other dystrophic changes--the so called tooth stigmas--it has been ascertained that they were originated by the operational disorders of the internal secretion glands and by metabolism troubles, respectively, independent of luetic illnesses.
