ABSTRACT
Proteins from human eosinophils were separated bidimensionally and identified by mass spectrometry (336 spots/bands, 98 different proteins). Of these, 24.7% belonged to the cytoskeleton/migration group. Highly basic proteins (11.3%) were concentrated in the granule-containing cell fraction. We detected novel hyperacidic forms of cofilin-1, profilin-1 and adenylyl cyclase-associated protein, and hyperbasic forms of eosinophil-derived neurotoxin/eosinophil protein X and major basic protein homologue. We also found evidence of the triglycosylation of the heavy chain of eosinophil peroxidase. In addition, through comparative 2D image analysis, spot quantification and MS, it was found that hsc70, actin-capping protein and hyperacidic forms of eosinophil peroxidase heavy chain are overexpressed in cells from birch pollen allergic subjects, at the peak of a season. The link between these findings and an increased cellular antigen-presenting capacity and motility are discussed.
Subject(s)
Allergens/immunology , Betula , Eosinophils/metabolism , Pollen/immunology , Proteome/metabolism , Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/metabolism , Amino Acid Sequence , Cofilin 1/metabolism , Cytoskeletal Proteins/metabolism , Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional , Eosinophil Peroxidase/metabolism , Eosinophils/immunology , Glycosylation , Humans , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Isoelectric Point , Mass Spectrometry , Molecular Sequence Data , Phosphorylation , Proteins/metabolism , Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/immunology , Secretory Vesicles/metabolismABSTRACT
Prostaglandin E(1) (PGE(1)) lowers dermal interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) in vivo and inhibits fibroblast-mediated collagen gel contraction in vitro. PDGF-BB, in contrast, stimulates contraction and normalizes IFP lowered as a result of anaphylaxis. Human diploid AG1518 fibroblasts expressed EP2, EP3 and IP prostaglandin receptors. The inhibitory effect of PGE(1) on contraction depended on cAMP. Short-term stimulation with PDGF-BB transiently induced formation of actin-containing membrane and circular ruffles and breakdown of stress fibers. PGE(1) had no effect on stress fibers nor did it modulate the effects of PDGF-BB. PGE(1) alone or in combination with PDGF-BB inhibited initial adhesion and spreading to collagen. PDGF-BB had no effect on adhesion but stimulated cell spreading. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and MALDI TOF analyses of SDS/Triton X-100-soluble proteins revealed changes in migration pattern of actin-binding proteins. Interestingly, PDGF-BB and PGE(1) affected both similar and different sets of actin-binding proteins. PDGF-BB and PGE(1) did not trans-modulate their respective effects on actin-binding proteins, cytoskeletal organization or initial adhesion. Our data show that PDGF-BB stimulates actin cytoskeleton dynamics, whereas PGE(1) inhibits processes dependent on cytoskeletal motor functions. We suggest that these different activities may partly explain the contrasting effects of PGE(1) and PDGF-BB on contraction and IFP.
Subject(s)
Alprostadil/pharmacology , Cell Movement/drug effects , Microfilament Proteins/metabolism , Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/pharmacology , Actins/metabolism , Animals , Becaplermin , Calmodulin-Binding Proteins/metabolism , Cattle , Cell Adhesion/drug effects , Collagen/metabolism , Cytoskeleton/drug effects , Cytoskeleton/metabolism , Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional , Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism , Gels , Gene Expression Profiling , Humans , Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase/metabolism , Phosphorylation/drug effects , Phosphoserine/metabolism , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis , RNA, Messenger/genetics , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Receptors, Prostaglandin E/metabolism , Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-IonizationABSTRACT
Completion of the human genome sequence has provided scientists with powerful resources with which to explore the molecular events associated with disease states such as diabetes. Understanding the relative levels of expression of gene products, especially of proteins, and their post-translational modifications will be critical. However, though the pancreatic islets play a key role in glucose homeostasis, global protein expression data in human are decidedly lacking. We here report the two-dimensional protein map and database of human pancreatic islets. A high level of reproducibility was obtained among the gels and a total of 744 protein spots were detected. We have successfully identified 130 spots corresponding to 66 different protein entries and generated a reference map of human islets. The functionally characterized proteins include enzymes, chaperones, cellular structural proteins, cellular defense proteins, signaling molecules, and transport proteins. A number of proteins identified in this study (e.g., annexin A2, elongation factor 1-alpha 2, histone H2B.a/g/k, heat shock protein 90 beta, heat shock 27 kDa protein, cyclophilin B, peroxiredoxin 4, cytokeratins 7, 18, and 19) have not been previously described in the database of mouse pancreatic islets. In addition, altered expression of several proteins, like GRP78, GRP94, PDI, calreticulin, annexin, cytokeratins, profilin, heat shock proteins, and ORP150 have been associated with the development of diabetes. The data presented in this study provides a first-draft reference map of the human islet proteome, that will pave the way for further proteome analysis of pancreatic islets in both healthy and diabetic individuals, generating insights into the pathophysiology of this condition.
