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Rev Med Suisse ; 19(827): 964-968, 2023 May 17.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37195110

ABSTRACT

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) represent a typical complication of transplant recipients. Their incidence varies according to the recipient's characteristics and the type of transplanted organ. Their pathogenesis is strongly related to a disbalance between reduced T-cell immune surveillance to avoid graft rejection, and the reactivation of the oncogenic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) within B lymphocytes, leading to uncontrolled B-cell proliferation and malignant transformation. PTLD represent a spectrum of various histological entities with distinct prognosis. Clinical management mainly focuses on their surveillance and therapeutic strategy is risk-adapted. This review aims to shed light on these rare pathologies whose early detection could greatly improve the prognosis of transplant patients.


Les maladies lymphoprolifératives post-transplantation (PTLD) représentent une complication classique des receveurs d'organe. Leur incidence varie selon le profil du receveur et le type d'organe transplanté. La pathogenèse est fortement associée à un déséquilibre entre la diminution de la surveillance immunitaire T requise pour éviter le rejet du greffon et la réactivation du virus oncogénique Epstein-Barr (EBV) au sein des lymphocytes B, amenant à leur prolifération incontrôlée et à la transformation maligne. Elles représentent un spectre d'entités histologiques au pronostic variable, dont la prise en charge se concentre sur la surveillance ; la stratégie thérapeutique étant dictée par le risque. Cet article vise à mettre en lumière ces pathologies rares dont la détection précoce pourrait améliorer le pronostic des patients transplantés.


Subject(s)
Epstein-Barr Virus Infections , Kidney Transplantation , Lymphoproliferative Disorders , Organ Transplantation , Humans , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/complications , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/diagnosis , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/epidemiology , Herpesvirus 4, Human/physiology , Lymphoproliferative Disorders/diagnosis , Lymphoproliferative Disorders/epidemiology , Lymphoproliferative Disorders/etiology , Organ Transplantation/adverse effects , Kidney Transplantation/adverse effects
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