Open suprapubic versus retropubic prostatectomy in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia during resident's learning curve: a randomized controlled trial.

PURPOSE: This study compared the suprapubic (SP) versus retropubic (RP) prostatectomy for the treatment of large prostates and evaluated perioperative surgical morbidity and improvement of urinary symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this single centre, prospective, randomised study, 65 consecutive patients with LUTS and surgical indication with prostate volume greater than 75g underwent open prostatectomy to compare the RP (32 patients) versus SP (33 patients) technique. RESULTS: The SP group exhibited a higher incidence of complications (p=0.002). Regarding voiding pattern analysis (IPSS and flowmetry), both were significantly effective compared to pre-treatment baseline. The RP group parameters were significantly better, with higher peak urinary flow (SP: 16.77 versus RP: 23.03mL/s, p=0.008) and a trend of lower IPSS score (SP: 6.67 versus RP 4.14, p=0.06). In a subgroup evaluation of patients with prostate volumes larger than 100g, blood loss was lower in those undergoing SP prostatectomy (p=0.003). Patients with prostates smaller than 100g in the SP group exhibited a higher incidence of low grade late complications (p=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: The SP technique was related to a higher incidence of minor complications in the late postoperative period. High volume prostates were associated with increased bleeding when the RP technique was utilized. The RP prostatectomy was associated with higher peak urinary flow and a trend of a lower IPSS Score.

Open suprapubic versus retropubic prostatectomy in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia during resident's learning curve: a randomized controlled trial

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study compared the suprapubic (SP) versus retropubic (RP) prostatectomy for the treatment of large prostates and evaluated perioperative surgical morbidity and improvement of urinary symptoms. Materials and Methods: In this single centre, prospective, randomised study, 65 consecutive patients with LUTS and surgical indication with prostate volume greater than 75g underwent open prostatectomy to compare the RP (32 patients) versus SP (33 patients) technique. Results: The SP group exhibited a higher incidence of complications (p=0.002). Regarding voiding pattern analysis (IPSS and flowmetry), both were significantly effective compared to pre-treatment baseline. The RP group parameters were significantly better, with higher peak urinary flow (SP: 16.77 versus RP: 23.03mL/s, p=0.008) and a trend of lower IPSS score (SP: 6.67 versus RP 4.14, p=0.06). In a subgroup evaluation of patients with prostate volumes larger than 100g, blood loss was lower in those undergoing SP prostatectomy (p=0.003). Patients with prostates smaller than 100g in the SP group exhibited a higher incidence of low grade late complications (p=0.004). Conclusions: The SP technique was related to a higher incidence of minor complications in the late postoperative period. High volume prostates were associated with increased bleeding when the RP technique was utilized. The RP prostatectomy was associated with higher peak urinary flow and a trend of a lower IPSS Score.

Can video endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy achieve a lower morbidity than open lymph node dissection in penile cancer patients?

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Radical lymphadenectomy improves survival in penile cancer patients, but the morbidity of the classic open procedure exceeds 50%. We report the updated results of Video Endoscopic Inguinal Lymphadenectomy (VEIL), an original minimally invasive procedure recently reported for extended inguinal node dissection in clinical settings. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifteen consecutive patients who underwent the VEIL technique were prospectively followed and included in this study. The first 10 patients underwent bilateral inguinal dissection for nonpalpable lymph nodes: VEIL at one side and standard open lymph node dissection at the other side. A second cohort consisted of five patients who underwent bilateral VEIL, either for nonpalpable or for palpable (N1) inguinal nodes. Operative data and postoperative outcomes were assessed, and VEIL and the open technique were compared. RESULTS: Twenty limbs underwent VEIL and 10 limbs underwent the open procedure. Mean operative time was 120 minutes for VEIL and 92 minutes for the open procedure. There was no difference in the number of nodes removed or in the positivity for metastatic lymph nodes. Complications were observed in 70% of limbs that underwent open surgery and in 20% of limbs that underwent VEIL (P 0.015). Patients who underwent a bilateral VEIL could be discharged from the hospital after an average of 24 hours (range 12-36 hrs), while patients who underwent an open dissection in addition to contralateral VEIL were discharged after an average of 6.4 days (range 5-10 d) There were no recurrences detected during a mean follow-up of 31.9 months (median 33 months). CONCLUSION: This preliminary series suggests that VEIL can reduce morbidity, including hospitalization times,compared with standard open surgery. Oncologic results are premature but seem similar to the results from the conventional open operation. VEIL is a promising minimally invasive approach for radical inguinal dissection in penile cancer patients with nonpalpable or low-volume palpable inguinal disease.

[Laparoscopic adrenalectomy: a prospective study comparing transperitoneal and retroperitoneal approaches]. / Estudo comparativo entre supra-renalectomia laparoscópica pelos acessos transperitoneal e retroperitoneal.

OBJECTIVES: A prospective protocol was used to compare transperitoneal and retroperitoneal laparoscopic access for treatment of adrenal lesions. METHODS: Forty patients (19 male and 21 female) were submitted to laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Patients were operated by two surgeons. Twenty cases for each type of access (transperitoneal and retroperitoneal) were selected for analysis. Operative time, blood loss, time to oral intake, dose of analgesic, surgical complications, conversions, hospital stay and return to normal activities were compared for both approaches. RESULTS: All procedures were successfully completed. Operative mean time and time to oral intake were 3.6 h and 24 h for the transperitoneal and 2.5 h and 12 h for the retroperitoneal approach (p<0.05). There were no differences in blood loss, analgesia, hospital stay and time for return to normal activities. Complications were observed in two patients in the transperitoneal approach (retroperitoneal bleeding and pancreatitis) and there were three events in the retroperitoneal approach (hipercarbia, peritoneal laceration and pneumonia). No conversions occurred in this cohort of patients. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is a safe and efficient treatment for an adrenal mass of up to 10 cm. There are no relevant differences between the transperitoneal and retroperitoneal approach. Choice of the laparoscopic approach rests upon particular aspects of each case or upon the surgeon's preference.

Suprarrenalectomía laparoscópica retroperitoneal como opción minimamente invasiva en el tratamiento de tumores adrenales / Laparoscopic retroperitoneal adrrenalectomy as a minimally invasive option for the treatment of adrenal tumors

OBJETIVOS: La extirpación de la glándulasuprarrenal por vía laparoscópica es el tratamiento estándar de oro para el tratamiento de los tumores de la adrenal menores de 6 cm. La mayoría de los centros latinoamericanosadopta la técnica transperitoneal como vía de acceso. El objetivo del presente estudio prospectivofue demostrar los resultados intra y postoperatorios de los pacientes sometidos a cirugía laparoscópica de la adrenal por un único cirujano a través de acceso retroperitoneal lateral.MÉTODOS: Entre enero de 2000 y octubre de 2004, 35 pacientes (16 hombres y 19 mujeres) con lesiones adrenales, incluyendo 4 casos de síndrome de Cushing,4 de síndrome de Conn, 1 neurogangliomas, 4 feocromocitomas, 17 adenomas no funcionantes, 1 tumor virilizante y 4 casos que se trataban de nódulo postratamiento de neoplasia primaria no adrenal, fueronsometidos prospectivamente a adrenalectomía retroperitoneoscópicapor un único cirujano. Describimos el tiempo quirúrgico, la pérdida sanguínea, el tiempo para alimentación oral, el uso de analgésicos, las complicacionesquirúrgicas, y tasa de conversión, el períodode hospitalización y el período de retorno a las actividades habituales, comparando los resultados con otras series de la literatura.RESULTADOS: Todos los procedimientos fueron realizadoscon éxito. El tiempo quirúrgico promedio fue de 135 minutos, sangrado operatorio promedio fue de 235 ml, el período promedio para alimentación oral fue de 12 horas, ningún paciente necesitó de analgesia después del 2º día postoperatorio, el período promedio de hospitalización fue de 2 días y el tiempo promedio para retornar a las actividades habituales fue de 3 semanas.Como complicaciones observamos un caso con hipercapnea intraoperatoria y un caso que evolucionó con neumonía en el postoperatorio. En ningún caso hubo necesidad de conversión para cirugía abierta.CONCLUSIONES: La adrenalectomía endoscópica retroperitoneal puede ser realizada de manera segura y eficiente, con bajo índice de complicaciones, independientede la etiología de la lesión. El acceso retroperitoneoscópicolateral es una excelente opción para el tratamiento minimamente invasivo de las glándulas suprarrenales

OBJECTIVES: The excision of the adrenal gland by laparoscopic approach is the gold standard for the treatment of adrenal tumors smaller than 6 cm. Most Brazilian centres favour the transperitoneal approach. The objective of the present prospective study was to show the intraoperative and postoperative results ofpatients undergoing adrenal laparoscopic surgery through a lateral retroperitoneal approach performed by an individual surgeon.METHODS: Between January 2000 and October 2004, 35 patients (16 males and 19 females) with adrenal lesions, including 4 Cushing’s syndrome, 4 Conn’s syndrome, 1 neuroganglioma, 4 pheochromocytoma,17 nonfunctioning adenomas,1 virilizing tumor, and 4cases of adrenal nodule after treatment of a non-adrenal primary neoplasia, prospectively underwent retroperitoneoscopicadenomectomy by one surgeon. We describe surgical times, estimated blood losses, time to oral intake, analgesic requirements, surgical complications andconversion rates, hospital stay and time to return to usual activities, comparing our results with other series in the literature.RESULTS: All procedures were successfully completed. Mean surgical time was 135 minutes, mean estimated blood loss 235 ml, mean time to oral intake 12 hours, no patient required analgesics after the second postoperative day, mean hospital stay was 2 days, and mean time to return to usual life activities 3 weeks. There were two complications, one case of intraoperative hypercapnia and one case with postoperative pneumonia. Conversion to open surgery was not required in any case.CONCLUSIONS: Retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy may be performed effectively and safely, with a low complication rate, independently of the etiology of the lesion. The lateral retroperitoneoscopic access is anexcellent option for the minimally invasive treatment of the adrenal glands

[6-year experience with extra peritoneal lumbar laparoscopic surgery: indications, complications, and results in a reference Southamerican center]. / Seis años de experiencia en cirugía laparoscópica lumbar extraperitoneal: indicaciones, complicaciones y resultados en un centro Iberoamericano de referencia.

OBJECTIVES: To report the experience in lumbar extraperitoneal laparoscopy surgery obtained while perfectioning the technique over a six-year period. METHODS: We perform a prospective study with 168 cases of extra peritoneal laparoscopic surgery for the treatment of various kidney-ureter and adrenal diseases between 1999 and 2004. Operations were classified by organ and complexity (ablative or reconstructive). We describe the number of cases, surgical time, mayor and minor complications, number of open conversions, hospital stay, time to return to daily-life activities, advantages and disadvantages, as well as comparative analysis with data from bibliography. RESULTS: Extraperitoneal access was employed in 168 laparoscopic operations: 44 renal biopsies, 8 renal cyst marsupializations, 49 nephrectomies (22 benign diseases/27 neoplasias). 15 nephroureterectomies. 22 adrenalectomies. 15 pyelolithotomies/ureterolithotomies, 1 neprhropexy, 2 partial nephrectomies. 11 pyeloplasties and 1 correction of retrocaval ureter. Operative time decreased significant only after the initial adaptation, with an average of 118 minutes in 138 ablative operations and 163 minutes in 30 reconstructive procedures. There was only one conversion in the second case of the series. The incidence of mayor and minor complications was 5.07% and 4.34% respectively for ablative surgery and 3.33% and 6.66% for reconstructive surgery. Average hospital stay varied from 1-4 days. Return to daily life activities took an average of 7 to 30 days in relation with procedure complexity. CONCLUSIONS: Lumbar extra peritoneal laparoscopic access is an excellent option of minimally invasive approach to ablative surgery, offering the advantages of avoidance of the peritoneal cavity and low complication index. Reconstructive surgery is feasible but technically more challenging, depending of the ability and adaptation of the surgeon to a smaller surgical workspace.