Perfil Epidemiológico de Pacientes Oncológicos Atendidos em um Serviço Odontológico de Referência do Estado do Ceará: Estudo Retrospectivo / Epidemiological Profile of Oncology Patients Followed Up at a Reference Dental Service in the State of Ceará: a Retrospective Study / Perfil Epidemiológico de Pacientes Oncológicos Atendidos en un Servicio de Odontología de Referencia en el Estado de Ceará: Estudio Retrospectivo

Introdução: Pacientes com câncer necessitam de atendimento odontológico personalizado em virtude das terapias antineoplásicas para minimizar a ocorrência ou a gravidade dos efeitos adversos causados por essas terapias nos tecidos bucais. Objetivo: Traçar o perfil epidemiológico e odontológico de pacientes oncológicos acompanhados em um serviço de referência em odontologia do Estado do Ceará. Método: Estudo retrospectivo observacional transversal, baseado em prontuários de pacientes com necessidades especiais atendidos ambulatorialmente entre 2017 e 2021. Tais variáveis foram analisadas utilizando os testes exato de Fisher ou qui-quadrado de Pearson, adotando um nível de confiança de 95% com o software SPSS versão 20.0 para Windows. Resultados: A maioria dos pacientes avaliados era do sexo masculino (55,8%), com idade entre 51 e 60 anos (39,0%), sendo o câncer de cabeça e pescoço o mais prevalente (37,7%). Os principais motivos de procura por atendimento odontológico foram adequação bucal pré-tratamento de câncer (36,4%), tratamento pós-câncer (22,05%) e dor (15,6%), a maioria em fase pós-quimioterapia (42,9%) e pós-radioterapia (39,0%). Os procedimentos odontológicos mais realizados entre os pacientes foram dentística (64,9%), periodontia (59,7%) e cirurgia (48,1%). Em relação à higiene bucal, 49,2% escovavam os dentes uma vez ao dia e 54,5% não utilizavam fio dental; 47,8% desses pacientes apresentaram índice CPO-D (dentes permanentes cariados, perdidos e obturados) superior a 20. Conclusão: Aproximadamente metade dos pacientes procurou atendimento odontológico para adequação pré-tratamento oncológico, entretanto, a maior parte deles buscou atendimento após o fim da quimioterapia e radioterapia, o que pode estar associado ao elevado índice de CPO-D

Introduction: Cancer patients need personalized dental care due to antineoplastic therapies to minimize the occurrence or severity of adverse effects caused on oral tissues. Objective: Design the epidemiological and dental profile of cancer patients followed up at a reference dentistry service in the State of Ceará. Method: Cross-sectional observational retrospective study, based on medical records of patients with special needs followed up at an outpatient clinic from 2017 to 2021. The variables were tabulated using Fisher's or Pearson's chi-square tests, with a confidence level of 95% with the software SPSS version 20.0 for Windows. Results: The majority of patients evaluated were males (55.8%), aged between 51 and 60 years (39.0%) with head and neck cancer as the most prevalent (37.7%). The main reasons for seeking dental care were oral adequacy pre-cancer treatment (36.4%), post-cancer treatment (22.05%) and pain (15.6%), with the majority in post-chemotherapy phase (42.9%) and after radiotherapy (39.0%). Restorative dentistry (64.9%), periodontics (59.7%) and surgery (48.1%) were the dental procedures most performed. Regarding oral hygiene, 49.2% brushed their teeth once a day and 54.5% did not use dental floss, 47.8% of these patients had a DMFT Index (decayed, missing, filled teeth) greater than 20. Conclusion: Approximately half of the patients sought dental care for pre-oncological treatment adjustment, however, the majority sought care post-chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which may be associated with high DMFT index

Introducción: Los pacientes oncológicos necesitan una atención odontológica personalizada debido a las terapias antineoplásicas, con el objetivo de minimizar la aparición o severidad de los efectos adversos que estas terapias provocan en los tejidos orales. Objetivo: Trazar el perfil epidemiológico y odontológico de pacientes oncológicos seguidos en un servicio de referencia en odontología en el estado de Ceará. Método: Estudio retrospectivo observacional transversal, basado en historias clínicas de pacientes atendidos ambulatoriamente para pacientes con necesidades especiales de 2017 a 2021. Dichas variables se tabularon mediante las pruebas de Fisher o ji-cuadrada de Pearson, adoptando un nivel de confianza del 95% en el software SPSS v20.0 para Windows. Resultados: La mayoría de los pacientes evaluados fueron del sexo masculino (55,8 %), con edad entre 51 y 60 años (39,0 %), siendo el cáncer más prevalente entre ellos, los de cabeza y cuello (37,7%). Los principales motivos de búsqueda de atención odontológica fueron tratamiento precanceroso de adecuación oral (36,4%), tratamiento poscanceroso (22,05%) y dolor (15,6%), siendo la mayoría en fase posquimioterapia (42,9%) y después radioterapia (39,0%). Los procedimientos odontológicos más realizados entre los pacientes fueron odontología restauradora (64,9%), periodoncia (59,7%) y cirugía (48,1%). En cuanto a la higiene bucal, el 49,2% se cepillaba los dientes una vez al día y el 54,5% no utilizaba hilo dental, donde el 47,8% de estos pacientes presentaba un índice de CPOD (dientes permanentes, con caries, perdidos y curados) superior a 20. Conclusión: Aproximadamente la mitad de los pacientes buscó atención odontológica para ajustar el tratamiento preoncológico, sin embargo, la mayoría de los pacientes buscó atención después del final de la quimioterapia y radioterapia, lo que puede estar asociado con la alta tasa de CPOD

Technology acceptance by professors and adherence of undergraduate dental students to virtual classes during COVID-19 pandemic / Aceitação de tecnologia por professores e adesão de alunos de graduação em Odontologia a aulas virtuais durante a pandemia COVID-19

The aim of this study wastoanalyse the acceptance of technology by professors and the adherence of dental students to virtual teachingduring the social distancing period due to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. This was a retrospective observational cross-sectional study that involved the anonymous opinion of dental schoolprofessors. After each virtual class, the professorsfilled out the e-questionnaire aboutthe remote activities(discipline identification, method used, number of students, satisfaction of the professor, and a technology acceptance model questionnaire) performed between 18 March and 18 May (60 days of virtualisation of theoretical classes during interruption of face-to-face classes). This study showed a good acceptability of this learning technologyby professors(TAM score 81.82 ± 11.79). During the pandemic, live video conferencing classes (n = 632, 63.6%) were the most preferred method of teachingby professors, followed by previously recorded video lessons (n = 403, 40.5%). Theacceptability of professors was strongly associated with the perception of the quality of interaction (p <0.001).Higherstudentparticipation was significantly associated with live videoconference classes (p = 0.019).Prioravailability of articles or documents for study (p = 0.028)andthe absence of technological complications during the virtual classes (p = 0.003)significantly increased acceptability.In conclusion, the virtual class technology usedduring the COVID-19pandemic period was well accepted by professors at a dental school and had good adherence by students, especially in videoconferencing classes (AU).

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a aceitação da tecnologia por professores e a adesão dos alunos de odontologia ao ensino virtual durante o período de distanciamento social devido à pandemia do coronavírus (COVID-19). Este foi um estudo transversal observacional retrospectivo que envolveu a opinião anônima de professores de escolasde odontologia. Após cada aula virtual, os professores preencheram um questionário sobre as atividades remotas (identificação da disciplina, método utilizado, número de alunos, satisfação do professor e questionário do modelo de aceitação de tecnologia) realizado entre 18 de março e 18 de maio (60 dias de virtualização das aulas teóricas durante a interrupção das aulas presenciais). Este estudo mostrou uma boa aceitabilidade desta tecnologia de aprendizagem pelos professores (pontuação TAM 81,82 ± 11,79). Durante a pandemia, aulas de videoconferência ao vivo (n = 632, 63,6%) foram o método de ensino preferido pelos professores, seguido por vídeo aulas previamente gravadas (n = 403, 40,5%). A aceitabilidade dos professores esteve fortemente associada à percepção da qualidade da interação (p <0,001). A maior participação dos alunos foi significativamente associada às aulas de videoconferência (p = 0,019). A disponibilidade prévia de artigos ou documentos para estudo (p = 0,028) e a ausência de complicações tecnológicas durante as aulas virtuais (p = 0,003) aumentaram significativamente a aceitabilidade. Concluindo, a tecnologia da aula virtual usada durante o período pandêmico do COVID-19 foi bem aceita pelos professores de uma faculdade de odontologia e teve boa aderência dos alunos, principalmente nas aulas de videoconferência (AU).

Photobiomodulation Therapy Reduces the Inflammatory Process without Inhibiting Bone Deposition in Rats in an Extraction Model.

Objective: We evaluated the influence of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) application during bone healing postexodontia in rats. Methods: We divided 84 male Wistar rats into a control group (CG), which received placebo treatment without PBMT, and a test group (TG), which was treated with PBMT. After exodontia, the animals were subjected to PBMT (TG) with an AsGaAI diode laser at 810 nm, 100 mW, 2 J, and 70 J/cm2 or placebo treatment (CG) every 72 h. After 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days, the animals were weighed and euthanized to remove the left hemimandibles for radiographic (alveolar filling) and histomorphometric (inflammatory polymorphonuclear cell (PMN), mononuclear cell (MN), osteoclast (OC), and blood vessels counting) analysis. Statistic approach used two-way variance analysis followed by Bonferroni post hoc (p < 0.05, GraphPad Prism 5.0). Results: There was no significant difference in body mass variation (p = 0.828) and bone neoformation (p = 0.365) between the two groups, but the TG presented lower PMN (p < 0.001), MN (p < 0.001), and OC counts (p < 0.001) and higher blood vessels count (p < 0.001) throughout the repair process. Conclusions: PBMT attenuated the inflammatory process after exodontia without interfering with bone neoformation.

Photobiomodulation and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy as adjunct in the treatment and prevention of osteoradionecrosis of the jaws: A case report.

CASE REPORT: We report on a patient with a history of radiotherapy to the head and neck region exhibiting necrotic bone exposure associated with fistula and purulent exudation in the mandible, with the diagnosis of stage 3 osteoradionecrosis, in addition to a periapical cyst in the maxillary anterior region and multiple root remnants. An antibiotic coverage protocol with amoxicillin and metronidazole was prescribed for subsequent necrotic bone removal. The surgical procedure was performed along with the aPDT using methylene blue and red light, followed by coaptation of the edges of the surgical wound and the healing protocol with LLLT. The extraction of non-rehabilitated teeth was performed two per session using antibiotic coverage, aPDT, and LLLT and mouthwash with 0.12 % chlorhexidine was prescribed until the complete closure of the surgical wound was achieved. Additionally, two aPDT sessions and four LLLT protocols were performed for complete healing of the surgical sites. Extra and intraoral examinations and panoramic and periapical radiographs were performed. No emergence or recurrence of osteonecrosis was observed after 12 months of follow-up.

Pneumonia and the role of dentistry on ICU Staff: 8-year analysis of health indicators

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the most prevalent healthcare-associated infections (HAI) and causes of death in intensive care units (ICUs), and studies have shown its relation to oral health. Aim: To report the impact of the incorporation of dental professionals into multidisciplinary ICU staff on the incidence of VAP. Methods: A retrospective observational study was carried out to collect and analyze health indicators of patients in the ICUs from 2011 to 2018 and to differentiate these indicators between the periods before and after the participation of dental staff in the ICU. This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee. Results:The average number of monthly ICU admissions was 105.89 ± 169.72, and the discharge was 105.21 ± 168.96, with a monthly average number of deaths within 24 h of 38.61 ± 62.27. The average number of monthly HAI-related deaths decreased from 2011 to 2018, followed by a reduction in cases of HAI per month. The average monthly number of HAIs related to mechanical ventilation (MV) decreased, and the same was observed for the infection density of HAIs related to MV (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, there was a significant decrease in the number of HAIs related to MV (p = 0.005). Conclusion: Although a reduction in the number of admissions or complexity of cases was not observed in the study period, multidisciplinary staff practices were essential for controlling HAIs and the presence of dental professionals can assist in the control of HAIs related to MV

Molecular Analysis of Oral Bacteria in Heart Valve of Patients With Cardiovascular Disease by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction.

Structural deficiencies and functional abnormalities of heart valves represent an important cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and a number of diseases, such as aortic stenosis, have been recently associated with infectious agents. This study aimed to analyze oral bacteria in dental plaque, saliva, and cardiac valves of patients with cardiovascular disease. Samples of supragingival plaque, subgingival plaque, saliva, and cardiac valve tissue were collected from 42 patients with heart valve disease. Molecular analysis of Streptococcus mutans, Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Treponema denticola was performed through real-time PCR. The micro-organism most frequently detected in heart valve samples was the S. mutans (89.3%), followed by P. intermedia (19.1%), P. gingivalis (4.2%), and T. denticola (2.1%). The mean decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) was 26.4 ± 6.9 (mean ± SD), and according to the highest score of periodontal disease observed for each patient, periodontal pockets > 4 mm and dental calculus were detected in 43.4% and 34.7% of patients, respectively. In conclusion, oral bacteria, especially S. mutans, were found in the cardiac valve samples of patients with a high rate of caries and gingivitis/periodontitis.