ABSTRACT
Nowadays, urinary bladder cancer represents a major health problem, due to very high medical and social costs. This disease affects mainly the elderly. We performed a study on 1073 patients admitted to the Urology Clinic within the Emergency Clinical Hospital of Craiova, between 2013-2015 with bladder cancer. Of the 1073 cases, 741(69.06%) were diagnosed in men, and 332 (30.94%) were found in women, the men/ women ratio being of 2.23/1. The highest incidence of bladder tumors was recorded in individuals aged between 60 and 79 years old. In this age group, there were admitted 734 patients with bladder cancer, representing 68.44%. Regarding the tumor recurrence, out of 1073 bladder tumors, a number of 608 (56.66%) patients were diagnosed with primary tumors, while a number of 465 (43.34%) patients presented recurrent tumors. Of the symptoms presented by the patients, the most frequent were haematuria (present in about 87% of the patients), pollakiuria (present in 64% of the patients), dysuria (present in 55% of the patients) and urinary infections (present in about 23% of the patients).
ABSTRACT
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a clinical syndrome characterised by a slow progressive decline in expiratory airflow [1], a process that has gradually developed over the years. Studies of patients with COPD show an inflammatory process in the small airways [2]. The aim of this paper is to identify the cytopathological aspects of the liquids present in the bronchoalveolar lavage in patients with COPD. We were performed a descriptive analytical case-control and prospective study on forty patients with COPD and ten asymptomatic smokers (healthy smokers or patients at risk). The percentage of marcophage, the type of the dominant inflamatory cell, in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) liquid was significantly higher at patients with mild and moderate COPD as compared to patients with severe and very severe COPD. In the present work, the percentage of the neutrophil in the BAL liquid was significantly higher at patients with severe and very severe COPD, as compared to the patients with mild and moderate COPD and to aparently healthy smokers. In conclusion, we can say that COPD is characterized by an inflammatory process located in the small airways with predominant participation of macrophages, the procentage of macrophages in BAL fluid variyng inversely proportional to the severity of the disease.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The aim of our study was to identify the possible involvement of adiponutrine polymorphysm and of human leukocyte antigens (HLA) in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We included in this study a total of 138 subjects with non-invasive diagnosis of non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis. The patatin-like phospholipase domain containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) rs738409 (adiponutrine) polymorphism was genotyped by allelic discrimination TaqMan PCR assay (5' nuclease assay), using predesigned TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assays. Class I and II HLA antigens were determined by the polymerase chain reaction sequence specific oligonucleotide method (ADN-PCR-SSO). The results were compared with the same data from the control group subjects. RESULTS: For PNPLA 3 polymorphism we found [CC] genotype in 82 subjects (59,42%), [GC] genotype in 45 (32,61%) and [GG] genotype in 11 subjects (7,97%). The frequency of minor [G] risk allele was 0.25. We found class I and II HLA antigens HLA A24, HLA B15, HLA DR15, HLA DR16, HLA DQ3 and HLA DQ5 more frequent in subjects with hepatic steatosis without any other risk factor and HLA-A2, HLA-32, HLA B18, HLA B49 and HLA B53 in patients with obesity or metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: Our results are consistent with the literature and show an association of PNPLA3 rs738409 polymorphism with hepatic steatosis. Regarding histocompatibility antigens, we studied for the first time in our country the relationship between HLA and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
