Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Calcinosis/etiology , Mastectomy, Radical/methods , Radiation Injuries/pathology , Aged , Biopsy, Needle , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Calcinosis/pathology , Calcinosis/surgery , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Mammography/methods , Mastectomy, Segmental/methods , Radiation Injuries/surgery , Radiotherapy Dosage , Radiotherapy, Adjuvant , Reoperation/methods , Risk Assessment , Severity of Illness Index , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
⺠Twin pregnancy ⺠GIST tumour ⺠Multidisciplinary team.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The use of direct current electrolysis as a local nonthermal ablative technique for colorectal liver metastases promises to be a simple, safe, and effective therapy. Under general anesthesia, electrolysis is presently limited to tumors smaller than 5 cm, due to the protracted nature of its administration. In an attempt to enhance the effect of electrolysis, a direct current was passed through a preinjected bolus of acetic acid. METHODS: The effect of a combination of electrolysis and an injection of acetic acid was tested in the liver of eight normal pigs. The volumes of necrosis caused were analyzed. RESULTS: Acetic acid independently produced a volume of necrosis but did not provide a volumetric or rate advantage when used in combination with a direct current. Statistically, the only main effect on the volume of necrosis was a result of electrolysis. CONCLUSION: The use of 50% acetic acid to augment the efficacy of direct current electrolysis cannot be recommended.
Subject(s)
Acetic Acid/administration & dosage , Electrodes , Electrolysis/instrumentation , Electrolysis/methods , Liver , Animals , Injections , Liver/drug effects , Liver/pathology , Necrosis , SwineSubject(s)
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/therapy , Liver Neoplasms/therapy , Aged , Electrolysis , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
The present paper is a review of the current ablative treatment options for the treatment of colorectal liver metastases. Cryotherapy, microwave coagulation therapy, radiofrequency ablation and laser-induced thermotherapy are discussed. Electrolysis, a novel non-thermal ablative treatment, is described. Potential benefits of electrolysis include the apparent ability to safely and effectively treat lesions abutting major hepatic structures and the lack of a systemic inflammatory reaction following electrolytic ablation. Further studies in animals and humans are needed to confirm this potential and to further refine the methods of electrolytic treatment of colorectal liver metastases.
