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1.
J Epidemiol Community Health ; 68(4): 326-32, 2014 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24297971

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In this partially randomised intervention study, we assessed the effect of social networks on the improvement of type 2 diabetes management in a largely African-American population in Baltimore. METHODS: Patients in the intervention group (n=68) were asked to recruit peers, form small groups, and attend monthly diabetes education sessions, emphasising peer support. Patients in the control group (n=70) were recruited individually to attend standard diabetes education sessions. The primary outcomes were changes in haemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) and blood glucose. Secondary outcomes included blood pressure, weight, functional status, self-efficacy, perceived cohesion, social network connectedness and diabetes knowledge. General linear mixed models were built to assess mean absolute changes in primary and secondary outcomes at 3 and 6 months. RESULTS: At 6 months from baseline, the social network intervention group achieved a larger reduction in HbA1c of -0.32% (p<0.0001) and blood glucose of -10.6 mg/dL, (p<0.0001) compared to the control group. In analyses of secondary endpoints, the intervention group had more favourable outcomes over time for weight, quality of life, self-efficacy, social network scores and diabetes knowledge, compared to the control group. While blood pressure decreased, and perceived cohesion increased in both groups over the duration of the study, the difference between groups was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The social networks intervention showed improved integration of patients within their existing networks leading to a greater reduction in HbA1c and blood glucose, as well as improved behaviour mediating outcomes.


Subject(s)
Blood Glucose/analysis , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/therapy , Glycated Hemoglobin/analysis , Self Care , Social Support , Black or African American/psychology , Black or African American/statistics & numerical data , Aged , Baltimore , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/psychology , Female , Glycated Hemoglobin/metabolism , Health Education/methods , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Multivariate Analysis , Peer Group , Self Efficacy , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
2.
Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res ; 13(1): 153-60, 2013 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23402455

ABSTRACT

The American Diabetes Association and European Association for the Study of Diabetes issued a new patient-centered approach for the management of hyperglycemia in patients with Type 2 diabetes. With a focus on older adults and the elderly, the authors explored the alignment of elements of the suggested framework with patients' reports of receiving combination or monotherapy using US national survey data (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2010) and a physician survey. Combination therapy was positively associated with age (range: 1.56-1.63; p = 0.04-0.07), obesity (odds ratio [OR]: 1.40; p = 0.01), HbA(1c) ≥7.0 (OR: 2.00; p < 0.01), number of years of living with diabetes (OR: 1.02 per year; p = 0.01) and hyperlipidemia (OR: 1.36; p = 0.02). An interaction term between years of living with diabetes and comorbidities >1 pointed to a trend of those with comorbidities >1 to be less probable to report combination therapy (OR: 0.98; p = 0.07) per additional year of diabetes history. Results suggest that sicker, older patients might benefit from more aggressive therapy, in the context of diabetes prevalence, this is expected to continue rising in that population.


Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy , Hypoglycemic Agents/administration & dosage , Practice Patterns, Physicians' , Administration, Oral , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Biomarkers/blood , Blood Glucose/drug effects , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Comorbidity , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology , Drug Therapy, Combination , Drug Utilization , Drug Utilization Review , Female , Glycated Hemoglobin/metabolism , Guideline Adherence , Humans , Logistic Models , Male , Middle Aged , Multivariate Analysis , Nutrition Surveys , Odds Ratio , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Prevalence , Risk Factors , United States/epidemiology , Young Adult
3.
J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) ; 15(1): 34-40, 2013 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23282122

ABSTRACT

Cardiovascular health disparities continue to pose a major public health problem. The authors evaluated the effect of education administered within social networks on the improvement of hypertension in 248 African Americans compared with historical controls. Patients formed clusters with peers and attended monthly hypertension education sessions. The authors assessed the likelihood of reaching goal below predefined systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) thresholds as well as the absolute reduction in SBP and DBP, controlling for diabetes, smoking, baseline hypertension, and demographics. The intervention group was more likely to have ever reached treatment goal at 12-month follow-up (odds ratio, 1.72; P=.11). At 18-month follow-up, the Maryland Cardiovascular Disease Promotion Program group had a statistically significant larger drop in SBP (-4.82 mm Hg, P<.0001) and DBP (-3.37 mm Hg, P=.01) than the control group. The clustering of patients in social networks around hypertension education has a positive impact on the management of hypertension in minority populations and may help address cardiovascular health disparities.


Subject(s)
Black or African American/psychology , Hypertension/prevention & control , Patient Education as Topic , Social Support , Adult , Aged , Baltimore , Female , Humans , Logistic Models , Male , Middle Aged , Risk Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires , Treatment Outcome
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