Oral manifestations of infections of infections due to varicella zoster virus in otherwise healthy children.

Varicella zoster virus (VZV) causes varicella (or chickenpox) and establishes latency in nerve ganglia after the primary infection. The reactivation of virus later in life can cause mono- or polyneuropathy. The cranial nerves most commonly involved are five (herpes zoster or shingles), six, seven eight, nine and ten. In the present study we describe the oral lesions associated with VZV infections in normal children. In a 3 year period we examined 62 children, age 2 to 13 years old with diagnosed varicella and a 4 year old boy with herpes zoster at the 3rd branch of the trigeminal nerve. According to the clinical picture of varicella, the disease was defined as: (1) group A mild cases; (2) group B moderate cases; (3) group C severe. The manifestations of varicella were: mild varicella 19 children, moderate 26 children and severe 17 children. The results of the present study indicate that the prevalence of oral manifestations of varicella is related to the severity of the disease. In 17 severe cases, oral lesions were always present and the number was between 5 to 30. From 26 moderate cases, oral lesions were observed in 23 and the number was between 2 to 10. From 19 mild cases, oral lesions were present only in 6 cases and their number was 1 or 2. Often varicella's oral lesions resemble manifestations of other entities, and this may cause differential diagnostics problems.

Immunohistochemical study of four histologic types of parotid gland pleomorphic adenoma.

The immunohistochemical detection of lysozyme, lactoferrin, a1-antichymotrypsin and a1-antitrypsin was used to investigate the marker expression and histogenesis of each one of four histologic types of 20 parotid gland pleomorphic adenomas. Moreover, 10 adult and 20 neonate parotid glands were studied. The immunohistochemical analysis revealed that tumor types 1 and 2 are nearly identical immunohistochemically while types 3 and 4 differ from one another, as well as from types 1 and 2. The markers used failed to suggest that the tumor arises from epithelial cells of any specific anatomic part of the parotid gland.

[Comparative immunohistochemical study of lysozyme and lactoferrin in human neonate and adult parotid glands]. / Sygkritike anosoistochemike melete lysozymes kai laktopherines se parotides neognon kai enelikon.

Lysozyme and lactoferrin, substances of the non-specific defense system of the salivary glands, were studied in normal human parotid glands of neonates and adults using the immunoperoxidase method. To our knowledge, the immunohistochemical detection and distribution of lysozyme and lactoferrin in neonate parotid glands have not been previously reported. In neonate parotid glands, a monotonous positive reaction for lysozyme was found in the acini, in the intercalated ducts and in a few cells of large ducts. On the contrary, lysozyme was observed mainly in the intercalated ducts of the adult parotid glands. Three staining patterns for lactoferrin were found in neonate parotid glands. The first pattern was identical to that of lysozyme in neonates, the second was similar to that of lactoferrin in adults, and in the third extremely few acinar and intercalated duct cells were positive. In adult parotid glands, lactoferrin was detected in groups of acini and intercalated ducts and rarely striated duct cells. In adult parotid glands, our findings are discussed in correlation with those of other investigators. The results of our study indicate that lysozyme and lactoferrin have an important role in the defense mechanism of neonate parotid gland. There is also a distinct immunohistochemical difference between neonate and adult parotid gland. Since it is known that there is a morphological differentiation of the parotid gland postnatally, it is presumably suggested that an immunohistochemical differentiation also occurs.

An immunohistochemical study of normal human neonate and adult parotid gland tissue. Detection of lysozyme, lactoferrin, a1-antichymotrypsin, a1-antitrypsin and carcinoembryonic antigen.

The immunohistochemical detection and distribution of lysozyme (Ly), Lactoferrin (Lf), a1-Antichymotrypsin (a1-AChy), a1-Antitrypsin (a1-AT) and Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were studied in neonate and adult parotid gland tissue, using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method. Ly stain in neonates extended into acini, intercalated ducts and occasional cells of large ducts, whereas in adults Ly was usually confined to the intercalated ducts. The distribution pattern of Lf in neonates varied considerably between individual glands showing three staining patterns. Most of the intercalated ducts, some groups of acini and rare striated duct cells were positive for Lf in adults. a1-AChy and a1-AT in neonates were positive mainly in the large ducts, whereas staining for a1-AChy and a1-AT in adults frequently extended into some intercalated duct cells, although less intensively. Finally, CEA in neonates was localized in the lumina and luminal membranes of the acini, in intercalated ducts, and less frequently in the large ducts. In adults CEA was present predominantly in the lumina and luminal membranes of the intercalated duct cells. These differences may suggest an immunohistochemical postnatal differentiation of the parotid gland.

[Reiter's syndrome oral manifestations]. / Syndromo Reiter ekdeloseis apo to stoma.

Reiter's syndrome is characterized by arthritis, non-gonococcal urethritis, conjunctivitis and mucocutaneous lesions. Oral lesions occur in 20-40% of the cases. They appear as papules and ulcerations on the buccal mucosa, gingiva and lips. Lesions on the tongue resemple "geographic tongue". One case of Reiter's syndrome is described. The significance of the clinical lesions, their microscopic appearance and the differential diagnosis are discussed.