ABSTRACT
Various techniques and courses of treatment have been researched, proposed, and implemented to evaluate and treat poststroke dysphagia (PSD) which is one of the main medical conditions affecting not only elderly people, as previously assumed, but also in recent years younger populations as well. The effectiveness of therapeutic methods depends mainly on the expertise of an interdisciplinary team of therapists, as well as on the timely application of the treatment. The present review discusses the therapeutic benefits of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in patients suffering from PSD regardless of the location of the lesion. The use of rTMS directly manipulates cortical brain stimulation to restore neuroplasticity in the affected brain areas. This review presents a synopsis of the available literature on the patient along with a discussion on the effectiveness of rTMS as a safe and easy to use promising technique in the rehabilitation of dysphagic patients. Although the results from the studies so far have been largely positive in that direction, the question still remains whether larger scale and longitudinal studies will be able to corroborate the aspiring future of rTMS. Therefore, research questions to advance further investigation on the application and future of this technique are much in need.
Subject(s)
Brain Neoplasms/metabolism , Choline/pharmacokinetics , Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/pharmacokinetics , Glioma/metabolism , Methionine/pharmacokinetics , Positron-Emission Tomography/methods , Adult , Brain Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Carbon Radioisotopes/pharmacokinetics , Female , Gene Expression Profiling/methods , Glioma/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Male , Metabolic Clearance Rate , Middle Aged , Radiopharmaceuticals/pharmacokinetics , Tissue DistributionSubject(s)
Brain Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Glioma/radiotherapy , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted/methods , Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon/methods , Brain Neoplasms/pathology , Glioma/pathology , Humans , Organophosphorus Compounds , Organotechnetium Compounds , Sensitivity and Specificity , Technetium Tc 99m SestamibiABSTRACT
This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of antigranulocyte scintigraphy using the antibody fragment (99m)Tc-sulesomab (LeukoScan) for the diagnosis of prosthesis infection in patients with total hip or knee arthroplasty. The results from 19 patients with suspected total joint arthroplasty infection who had undergone a three-phase bone scan and a subsequent examination with (99m)Tc-sulesomab during a 1-year period were reviewed. Twelve patients were shown to have prosthesis infection on culture of aspirated synovial fluid or intra-operative samples. The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and diagnostic accuracy for (99m)Tc-sulesomab were 75%, 86%, 90%, 66% and 79%, respectively, compared with 54%, 83%, 88%, 45% and 63%, respectively, for the three-phase bone scan. This study showed that (99m)Tc-sulesomab had good diagnostic value for the detection of prosthesis infection. The combination of (99m)Tc-sulesomab with other laboratory or imaging examinations may improve diagnostic performance in prosthesis infection and should be investigated further.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal , Hip Prosthesis/adverse effects , Knee Prosthesis/adverse effects , Prosthesis-Related Infections/diagnostic imaging , Radiopharmaceuticals , Technetium Tc 99m Medronate , Adult , Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived , Arthroplasty, Replacement , Female , Hip Joint/diagnostic imaging , Hospitals, Teaching , Humans , Knee Joint/diagnostic imaging , Positron-Emission Tomography , Prosthesis-Related Infections/etiology , Prosthesis-Related Infections/pathology , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and SpecificitySubject(s)
Brain Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Carcinoma, Renal Cell/secondary , Cerebellar Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Intracranial Hemorrhages/diagnostic imaging , Kidney Neoplasms/pathology , Organophosphorus Compounds , Organotechnetium Compounds , Radiopharmaceuticals , Brain Neoplasms/secondary , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon/methodsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to determine individual renal function in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors initially examined (study t1) 25 patients with ADPKD (12 female, 13 male; ages 18 to 68 years). The serum creatinine concentration and glomerular filtration rate, measured by Tc-99m DTPA, were 1.5 +/- 0.56 mg/dl and 65.7 +/- 31 ml.minute-1.1.73 m2, respectively. Thirteen patients had a follow-up study (t2) 2 years after their initial evaluations. Individual renal function was assessed on Tc-99m DMSA renal scans. RESULTS: The mean (+/- SD) difference between left kidney DMSA (DMSA-L) and right kidney DMSA (DMSA-R) was 7.04 % +/- 16.48%. In 20 patients (80%), the left kidney had a lower percentage contribution to the total renal function compared with the right kidney. When the results of the two studies were compared, deterioration in renal function was noted. In the t1 study, the mean serum creatinine concentration and glomerular filtration rate were 1.7 mg/dl and 67.02 ml.minute-1.1.73 m2 respectively, and in the t2 study these values were 2.01 mg/dl and 57.15 ml.minute-1.1.73 m2, respectively. No difference, however, was found in individual renal function in the two studies. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with ADPKD, the percentage contribution of each kidney to total renal function is not equal and remains stable during the progression of renal failure.
