Subject(s)
Disease Outbreaks , Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/diagnosis , Nail Diseases/diagnosis , Child Day Care Centers , Child, Preschool , Follow-Up Studies , Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/complications , Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/epidemiology , Humans , Nail Diseases/epidemiology , Nail Diseases/etiologyABSTRACT
Nail diseases are often annoying for the patient and diagnostically challenging for dermatologists. New imaging techniques are of high interest in the diagnosis of nail disorders to reduce the number of nail biopsies. Confocal microscopy is a high-resolution emerging imaging technique that can be used to explore the entire body surface, including skin, mucosa, hair and nails. A systematic review of the literature concerning the use of confocal microscopy for the study of either healthy or pathological nail has been performed to evaluate the current use of this technique and possible future applications. Confocal microscopy is particularly suitable for nails because it allows a non-invasive in vivo examination of this sensitive body area, and nail plate transparency permits to image up to the nail bed with an easy identification of corneocytes. Confocal microscopy can play a role in the diagnosis of onychomycosis and melanonichia, and in the study of drug penetration through the nail plate. It could be used in the future as a non-invasive procedure for the investigation of different nail diseases, such as psoriasis and lichen planus. Further application could be the intra-operative ex vivo examination of nail specimens to outline tumour margins to assist surgery.
Subject(s)
Microscopy, Confocal , Nail Diseases/diagnosis , Nail Diseases/pathology , Nails/cytology , Diagnosis, Differential , Diagnostic Imaging/methods , Humans , Onychomycosis/diagnosis , Onychomycosis/pathologyABSTRACT
The study of the quality of life in onychomycosis is recent. Since 10 years, the evolution of methods has allowed to have more precision about the patient's feelings, especially in physical, functional, psychical and social criteria. In the future, we can hope than such studies could help to manage therapies decisions to get a best efficacy and lower costs.
Subject(s)
Onychomycosis , Quality of Life , Forecasting , Humans , Onychomycosis/psychology , Onychomycosis/therapy , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Eccrine syringofibroadenoma (ESFA) is a rare disorder. We report the first case of ESFA of the nail apparatus, which presented as a yellow longitudinal onycholytic band of the left fourth finger over an intermittently painful subungual filamentous tumour. Histological examination showed features of ESFA with a digitate pattern of papillomatosis due to the specialized physiological longitudinal arrangement of the ridges in the nail bed. In addition, we describe a new feature of colloidal iron-positive clear cells. In our case, the presence of two types of cells with a central ductal differentiation and a significant amount of mucopolysaccharides in clear cells could suggest differentiation towards both the ductal and the secretory portion of the eccrine gland.
