[Peculiarities of botulinum toxin injections for the aesthetic treatment of men's face. A review of the literature]. / Particularités des injections de toxine botulique pour le traitement esthétique du visage chez l'homme. Une mise au point de la littérature.

INTRODUCTION: Botulinum toxin injections in aesthetic medicine are the most widely used products, ahead of hyaluronic acid, and aesthetic medicine is constantly increasing, including in the male population. The objective of this development was to show the specificities described in the literature concerning botulinum toxin injections in men. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A systematic literature search was carried out using the Pubmed search engine. Data were then collected to determine the specificities of botulinum toxin injections in men according to the morphology of the male face and the wishes of these patients. RESULTS: The studies conducted show that it is necessary to inject higher doses in men than in women to obtain a satisfactory result, due to a higher muscle mass. This adjustment gives the number of points to be performed per injection site, as well as the number of points to be performed, compared to the female population. CONCLUSION: Botulinum toxin injections for aesthetic purposes in men are different from those in women. Taking these particularities into account is essential to patient satisfaction.

Proposal to adapt the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency (WASP) programme to fibre counting tests.

Three methods of classifying laboratories during fibre counting proficiency tests were compared. The first two are those used in France (classification according to the mean and coefficient of variation of the results) and in Great Britain (classification according to the proportion of normalized results situated within predefined limits). The third is a variation of the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency (WASP) programme adapted to fibre counting tests. In the latter case, the laboratory classification is based on comparing the variance characterizing the dispersion of the results of a laboratory with a reference variance, which is considered as the variance of experienced analysts or laboratories. This mode of processing has the advantage of allowing the comparison of magnitudes. For example, the variance of the reference value can be compared with the reference variance. The same applies if a proficiency test is organized on the basis of replicas distributed to different analysts, the variability of these replicas can be compared with the reference variance. It emerged that the modified WASP method produces results close to those obtained by the other two methods. Moreover, the selectivity of the three methods is evaluated.